消失模铸造工艺因素对金属液充型速度影响的研究述评

评述了消失模铸造金属液充型速度的研究现状，从传热、传质角度分析了各工艺因素对充型速度的影响。消失模铸造金属液的充型速度是由泡沫模样的热分解速率及分解产物的逸出速率之问的动平衡所控制的，某个给定铸造过程的实际充型速度是充型阶段各因素的综合结果。凡是影响传热、传质的工艺因素都对充型速度有影响。     

模样密度对消失模铸造充型模式影响的模拟计算

针对消失模铸造和普通砂型铸造中充型模式的差异,通过建立自由表面换热边界条件和压力边界条件,模拟了消失模铸造中熔融金属的充型过程,分析了模样密度对消失模铸造充型模式的影响.分析表明,消失模铸造中金属液从内浇道处呈放射状向前充填,充型较平稳进行,消失模气化反压与重力的相对大小决定了液态金属充型过程中的充填趋势.预测了铸造缺陷的产生过程.     

镁合金消失模铸造新技术研究

消失模铸造属于颇有特点的精密绿色铸造技术.但镁合金消失模铸造中存在充型能力差、孔洞缺陷严重、凝固组织粗大及力学性能偏低等问题.针对以上问题,国内外开发了几种镁合金消失模铸造新技术,本文主要介绍这些新技术的最新研究进展.真空低压消失模铸造技术,可保证金属液充型平稳,提高镁液充型和补缩能力,保护其充型过程,适于镁合金铸造成...     

消失模铸造法充型过程的研究现状及发展

从充型特性、传热、传质三个方面对消失模铸造法充型过程的研究现状进行了回顾，并对充型过程的进一步研究提出了展望。     

基于计算机模拟的消失模铸造充型特性

通过计算机仿真软件ProCAST对某车身覆盖件修边冲孔模模座的消失模铸造充型过程进行数值模拟,研究了消失模铸造的充填特性,并对比分析了消失模铸造和传统铸造充型过程的差异.模拟结果表明,消失模铸造存在着与传统铸造截然不同的充型过程,由于泡沫介质的存在,使金属液充型受阻,充型时间长,并且充型速度呈现周期性交替变化.     

消失模铸造充型过程的数值模拟

通过建立适用于消失模铸造充型及传热过程的数学模型和边界条件，实现了液态金属在浇注系统和铸型内动量传递和热传递的数值模拟计算。模拟分析普通砂型铸造和消失模铸造充型差异表明，聚苯乙烯热解气体的反压阻力决定了消失模铸造充型过程不同于普通砂型铸造，表现为液态金属按所抵达的内浇口顺序依次注入型腔。通过模拟计算可预测冷隔产生位置，实现消失模铸造工艺优化设计。     

消失模铸造充型速度和流动前沿温度的数值模拟研究

采用数值模拟方法,通过模拟板形灰铸铁件的消失模铸造充型过程,分析了各种工艺因素对充型过程中金属液前沿的流动速度和温度的影响规律.结果表明,液态金属充型速度随浇注温度、负压度和涂层透气性的增大而增大,随模样密度和涂层厚度的增大而减小;金属液流动前沿温度随模样密度和涂层厚度的增大而下降,而随负压度的增大而提高.     

镁合金真空低压消失模铸造影响因素及充型能力的研究

介绍了一种新的真空低压消失模铸造工艺,分析了该工艺的工作原理和影响因素,并采用窗体及电机壳体模样测试了AZ91D镁合金在该工艺条件下的充型能力。研究表明：充型气体的气压与流量、泡沫模样的密度与裂解特性、涂层厚度及透气性、浇注温度、真空度等是镁合金真空低压消失模铸造过程中的主要影响因素。窗体和电机壳体成功浇注试验证明了真空低压消失模铸造新工艺大大提高了镁合金的充型能力,消除了重力下消失模铸造镁合金充型能力差、易形成浇不足和冷隔缺陷的缺点。     

可控气压下镁合金消失模铸造工艺参数的研究

研究了模样密度、涂层厚度、浇注温度、真空度等工艺参数对可控气压下镁合金消失模铸造时液态金属的充填形态和充型速度的影响,以及充型速度与充型形态之间的关系.结果表明:在可控气压下镁合金消失模铸造过程中,液态镁合金呈拱形平稳向前推进,并随着泡沫模样密度的降低、涂层厚度的减小、浇注温度和真空度的提高,充型速度提高.各因素对充型速度的影响效果由大到小的顺序是:泡沫模样密度→涂层厚度→浇注温度→真空度.通过分析实验数据,建立了可控气压下镁合金消失模铸造的充型速度的非线性数学模型.     

消失模铸造充型过程的研究进展及展望

从充型特性以及传热和传质两个方面回顾了消失模铸造充型过程的研究进展，指出了以往研究中的不足和以后的发展方向。     

消失模铸造充型过程中的气膜压力及其厚度的数值模拟

采用数值模拟方法,通过模拟板形灰铸铁件的消失模铸造充型过程,分析了各种工艺因素对充型过程中的气膜压力和气膜厚度的影响.结果表明,液态金属充型的驱动力并非重力而是消失模的退让速度,而这一速度是由气膜压力和气膜厚度的相互自动变化来调节,使充型达到稳态.结合理论计算,得到底注式浇注时充型可达到稳态,且气膜厚度和气膜压力随浇注温度、模样密度、涂料层厚度的增大而增大,随负压度和涂层透气性的增大而减小.     

Evaluation of the effect of vacuum on mold filling in the magnesium EPC process

The combination of magnesium alloys with the expendable pattern casting (EPC) process will bring a bright future for the application of magnesium alloys. Vacuum is a pre-requisite parameter in the EPC process of magnesium alloys, because without vacuum, the fluidity of the magnesium alloy in the EPC process is too poor to fill the mold completely, especially for the thin-section castings. In this investigation, the effect of vacuum on the fluidity of AZ91 magnesium alloy has been explored. A modified model has been presented to explain the effect of vacuum on mold filling, which was verified by optical microscopy.The results obtained indicate that vacuum is the most effective parameter in improving the fluidity, the effect of vacuum on the fluidity interacting strongly with the pouring temperature and coating. Vacuum greatly changes the mass and heat transfer in the EPC process. Vacuum may not only control the profile of the metal–foam interface, which will influence the mass transfer process, but may also greatly speed up the removal rate of pattern decomposition products at the metal–coating interface. It also changes the primary heat-transfer mode to heat convention, which has a great influence on the distribution of the casting temperature field and solidification process. The microstructures of castings cast with vacuum exhibit a fine grain size and a small amount of precipitated Mg₁₇Al₁₂, but vary insignificantly with the location in the castings.     

镁合金消失模铸造液模气隙尺寸的数值模拟

消失模铸造中充型的平稳性非常重要,充型越均匀铸件质量越好。使用SOLA-VOF计算方法模拟了镁合金在消失模铸造中的充型过程,计算了金属液和泡沫模样之间的气隙距离。结果表明液模气隙在充型过程中逐渐减小并趋向恒定值。。     

镁合金真空低压消失模铸造的技术特征与实践

介绍了镁合金在真空低压消失模铸造下的技术特征。研究表明：真空低压消失模铸造的流动性受充型气体的流量与压力、浇注温度、涂层厚度、泡沫密度、真空度等多方面的因素影响；在低充型速度和低真空度的条件下，液态镁合金在真空低压消失模铸造过程中的充型形貌均呈现以内浇道为中心的拱形层状推进流动，如充型速度加快金属液流动前沿拱形形貌更加突出。而真空度增加会出现明显的“附壁效应”；与重力消失模铸造比较，真空低压消失模铸造镁合金铸件凝固更呈现“同时凝固”特征；由于快速充型、压力下凝固，镁合金真空低压消失模铸造零件的铸态抗拉强度（σh=180．8MPa）、屈服强度（σ0.2=113．2MPa）、伸长率（δ=4．4％），高于重力消失模铸造、树脂砂空型铸造的铸态性能，达到了金属型铸造的铸态性能，经热处理达到了压铸镁合金的性能范围。浇注实践表明，真空低压消失模铸造对液态镁合金，具有良好的抗氧化保护能力、优良的浇注充型性能和力学性能，可铸造出高精度的、薄壁复杂的镁合金消失模铸件，是一种极有潜力和优势的镁（铝）合金精密铸造技术。     

Numerical simulation of heat transfer and fluid flow of molten metal in MMA–St copolymer lost foam casting process

In this study, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code was developed to calculate the filling pattern using volume of fluid (VOF) algorithm with donor–acceptor method for free surface simulation. This algorithm has been modified to include the pressure of the gas produced from foam degradation. For this purpose a heat transfer model and 2D foam degradation model were developed. In heat transfer model, radiation and conduction between foam and molten metal; and convection between gas and molten metal were considered. In order to evaluate the results of simulation, a bench scale casting apparatus was assembled and the casting was conducted in a transparent mold. The effect of several parameters such as coating thickness, foam density and vacuum level on the gap temperature, gap pressure and filling speed was studied with the developed software. It was found that the simulated results are in good agreement with experimental results.     

负压消失模铸造铸铁合金液充填性能及影响因素

研究了模样材料、负压度、浇注温度、浇注系统尺寸等对消失模铸造中铸铁合金液充填性能的影响，提出了改善铸铁合金液充填能力的途径。     

Mold-filling characteristics of AZ91 magnesium alloy in the low-pressure expendable pattern casting process

The magnesium (Mg) alloy low-pressure expendable pattern casting (EPC) process is a newly developed casting technique combining the advantages of both EPC and low-pressure casting. In this article, metal filling and the effect of the flow quantity of inert gas on the filling rate in the low-pressure EPC process are investigated. The results showed that the molten Mg alloy filled the mold cavity with a convex front laminar flow and the metal-filling rate increased significantly with increasing flow quantity when flow quantity was below a critical value. However, once the flow quantity exceeded a critical value, the filling rate increased slightly. The influence of the flow quantity of inert gas on melt-filling rate reveals that the mold fill is controlled by flow quantity for a lower filling rate, and, subsequently, controlled by the evaporation of polystyrene and the evaporation products for higher metal velocity. Meanwhile, the experimental results showed that the melt-filling rate significantly affected the flow profile, and the filling procedure for the Mg alloy in the low-pressure EPC process. A slower melt-filling rate could lead to misrun defects, whereas a higher filling rate results in folds, blisters, and porosity. The optimized filling rate with Mg alloy casting is 140 to 170 mm/s in low-pressure EPC.     

消失模铸造充型过程数值模拟

运用PROCAST软件对板形铸钢件的消失模充型过程进行了数值模拟。考察了阶梯式浇注系统的充型顺序以及底注式浇注系统的充型形态，另外研究了底注式浇注系统的浇注速度对缺陷形成的影响。模拟结果表明，消失模铸造中，金属液优先从阶梯式浇注系统的上层内浇道充型，充型前沿流动紊乱，铸件容易出现气孔或夹渣；对于底注式浇注系统，充型前沿的流动相对平稳，但过快的浇注速度同样会导致气孔或夹渣缺陷。     

铸铁件EPC—V法工艺因素对充型速度的影响

通过正交试验研究了铸铁件负压气化模铸造充型过程中各种工艺因素对金属液充型速度的影响。试验结果表明，在考虑的工艺因素中，对充型速度的影响由大到小依次为：模样材料、金属静压头、涂料透气性和浇注温度。模样材料与涂料的交互作用对金属液的充型速度具有非常重要的作用。     

空心直浇道消失模铸造充型模式的数值模拟及分析

通过将空心直浇道消失模铸造完型过程处理为液态金属在普通砂型中的流动和置换消失模样的流动，实现了带有空心直浇道消失模铸造充型过程的数值计算，模拟对比分析了空心、实心直说道消失模铸造及其与普通砂型铸造充型模式的差异．