几种图像相似性度量的匹配性能比较

针对景象匹配中匹配性能和匹配实时性会受相似性度量选择影响的问题,从常用的相似性度量（归一化积相关、相位相关、均平方差和去均值均平方差）入手,对图像施加噪声和进行畸变（如图像旋转变化、图像比例变化、光照强度变化和云层遮挡等）,通过相似性度量匹配性能的仿真试验,从匹配性、适应度和实时性等方面对各相似性度量进行比较,并对结果进行了归纳总结与证明。     

图像处理技术在景象匹配仿真中的应用

首先介绍了景象匹配的原理和图像处理技术在景象匹配仿真中的应用.地球表面物体的分布具有一定的随机性,但一定大小的地面景象的模式是唯一的,景象匹配利用地面景象的唯一性来确定位置.然后介绍了景象匹配仿真系统的组成及各部分的作用.仿真系统中与景象匹配有关的各组成部分包括仿真计算机、SGI工作站、投影仪和投影屏幕.最后研究了大气对图像衰减作用的数学模型和用图像处理软件生成云层阴影的方法.     

一种基于脉冲耦合神经网络的图像降噪方法

传统的脉冲耦合神经网络(PCNN)在图像降噪时不能准确地定位噪声数据并去除图像噪声。提出一种基于改进的PCNN有效去噪方法。该方法在PCNN模型上采用自适应的突触连接系数,使之随不同神经元与其周围神经元相似程度的不同而自适应变化,提高噪声数据的辨识度;同时将PCNN神经元的点火频次记录在点火时间序列中,根据神经元点火次数判断并滤出噪声点,实现更好地降噪效果。实验测试结果表明,该方法不仅可以准确地辨识噪声数据,而且能够有效地去除图像的噪声点,具有较强的适应性和较好的边缘与细节保护能力。     

基于改进简化PCNN模型的椒盐噪声滤波方法

针对PCNN简化模型在图像滤波中存在的问题,首先运用反证法证明PCNN简化模型在图像椒盐噪声检测时对低亮度的椒噪声检测失效;然后采用分而治之的方法对PCNN简化模型进行了改进,得到一种改进的PCNN简化模型;最后利用改进的PCNN简化模型检测图像的污染程度,确定噪声的具体位置,自适应地确定中值滤波窗口的大小,实现图像的自适应中值滤波。实验结果表明,此方法提高了噪声检测的准确性、图像滤波的保真性,对不同密度的椒盐噪声都有较好的滤波性能。     

用于图像拼接的特征提取算法研究

图像拼接是计算机视觉领域的一个重要分支,也是现在的研究热点.研究了用于图像拼接的特征提取算法,该算法提取的特征能对旋转、尺度缩放、仿射变换、视角变化、光照变化、噪声等图像变化因素保持一定的不变性,并在处理速度上与传统的SIFT算法相比有大幅提高,具有较强的实时性和鲁棒性,是一种较好的特征匹配算法.     

图像椒盐噪声的自适应滤波算法研究

为有效去除严重的椒盐噪声、更好地保护图像细节,提出了一种基于改进脉冲耦合神经网络（PCNN）的自适应去噪方法。根据PCNN神经网络的点火时刻矩阵,对受噪声污染的像素进行定位,仅对噪声像素进行类中值滤波,实现了图像细节的有效保留;根据噪声强度的估计信息,自动进行滤波次数和滤波窗口尺寸的优选,实现了图像的强自适应滤波。实验表明,与传统去噪方法相比,该方法噪声去除效果好,图像细节保持完整,而且系统具有一定的泛化能力。     

基于脉冲耦合神经网络的声纳图像噪声抑制

为解决声纳图像中存在的高斯与脉冲噪声的同时去除问题,在简化的脉冲耦合神经网络(Pulse Coupled Neural Net-work,PCNN)模型的基础上,提出了一种结合了数学形态学与中值滤波的噪声抑制算法.首先利用PCNN输出二值图像确定噪声在图像中的位置,用数学形态学方法保持目标的完整性,然后利用中值滤波方法去除图像的脉冲噪声并对PCNN逐次迭代的输出结果进行调整去除高斯噪声.实验结果证明,方法在保持图像边缘信息的前提下,与其他方法相比获得了更好的去噪效果.     

基于奇异值分解的宽基线图像匹配算法

图像匹配是计算机视觉中许多应用研究的基础.窄基线匹配技术虽然较为成熟,但是解决能力有限,不能处理较大的尺度、旋转、亮度以及仿射变化引起的宽基线图像序列的匹配.针对宽基线图像序列匹配的特点,在分析传统SVD匹配算法不足的基础上,引入具有尺度和旋转不变性的特征,改进邻近矩阵的度量方式,设计了一种新的基于奇异值分解的宽基线自动匹配算法.通过对比实验表明,该算法性能优于基于SIFT距离的匹配器和原SVD匹配算法,对于存在较大的尺度、旋转、亮度等宽基线变化的图像序列,能够自动获得更多的正确匹配点对和较高的准确性,鲁棒性强,甚至对视角和仿射变换也有一定的适应性.     

一种新的基于PCNN的图像脉冲噪声滤波算法

为了更好地滤除图像中的脉冲噪声,在分析脉冲耦合神经网络(PCNN)的工作机理的基础上,在PCNN中引入了点火映射图的概念,并提出了一种新的基于PCNN点火映射图的图像脉冲噪声滤波器。该方法首先通过运行PCNN把噪声图像转化为点火映射图,然后利用点火映射图对图像中的脉冲噪声进行定位,最后仅对定位的噪声进行自适应滤波。计算机仿真实验表明,该方法的去噪效果优于传统方法,从而验证了该方法的有效性、合理性。     

基于多传感器图像融合技术的鲁棒景象匹配算法

将多个传感器获取的具有不同大小、不同分辨力和不同信噪比的实时图基于Kalm an滤波的方法进行融合,以提高实时图的性能;搜索融合后的实时图在基准图中的位置达到目标定位之目的,即进行景象匹配。在景象匹配过程中,选用归一化互相关系数作为相似性度量。多组实验与分析表明:所介绍的基于多传感器图像融合技术的景象匹配算法可以有效地解决实时图存在部分遮挡、灰度与对比度变化以及复杂噪声干扰等影响下的景象匹配问题。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。