阻抗继电器与距离继电器分类的补充说明

给出阻抗继电器与距离继电器新的定义。进一步阐明了阻抗继电器与距离继电器的特点。说明了阻抗继电器是建立在测量阻抗概念上的一类继电器 ;距离继电器是建立在补偿电压特点基础上的一类继电器。规定了测量阻抗动作特性和支接阻抗动作特性的适用范围。提出了阻抗继电器的两条性质 ,并给出这两条性质的应用实例。最后对距离继电器的进一步发展给予展望     

阻抗继电器与距离继电器分类的必要性分析

距离保护测量元件在线路保护中有广泛的应用。距离保护测量元件的研究是电力系统继电保护领域的重要课题。论文对距离保护测量元件为什么要分类,以及为什么把距离保护测量元件分为阻抗继电器与距离继电器两大类进行了分析。对阻抗继电器与测量阻抗的关系,距离继电器与直接阻抗的关系作了说明。对阻抗继电器与距离继电器特性的差异进行了说明。分析表明,距离保护测量元件分为阻抗继电器与距离继电器两大类,用测量阻抗分析阻抗继电器,用直接阻抗分析距离继电器,概念清楚,思路清晰,方法简捷。有利于对距离保护测量元件的研究与分析,有利于在实际应用中对距离保护测量元件性能的把握。论文建议,应该改变长期以来,阻抗继电器与距离继电器表示同一类事物的传统习惯。     

阻抗继电器与距离继电器的特点

把距离保护测量元件划分为阻抗继电器与距离继电器两大类.分别讨论了阻抗继电器与距离继电器的特点.对测量阻抗、支接阻抗这两个概念进行了分析.     

阻抗继电器与距离继电器分类的必要性分析

距离保护测量元件在线路保护中有广泛的应用.距离保护测量元件的研究是电力系统继电保护领域的重要课题.论文对距离保护测量元件为什么要分类,以及为什么把距离保护测量元件分为阻抗继电器与距离继电器两大类进行了分析.对阻抗继电器与测量阻抗的关系,距离继电器与直接阻抗的关系作了说明.对阻抗继电器与距离继电器特性的差异进行了说明.分析表明,距离保护测量元件分为阻抗继电器与距离继电器两大类,用测量阻抗分析阻抗继电器,用直接阻抗分析距离继电器,概念清楚,思路清晰,方法简捷.有利于对距离保护测量元件的研究与分析,有利于在实际应用中对距离保护测量元件性能的把握.论文建议,应该改变长期以来,阻抗继电器与距离继电器表示同一类事物的传统习惯.     

阻抗继电器与距离继电器的特点

把距离保护测量元件划分为阻抗继电器与距离继电器两大类。分别讨论了阻抗继电器与距离继电器的特点。对测量阻抗、支接阻抗这两个概念进行了分析。     

多特性阻抗继电器的构成原理

介绍了同时具有全阻抗、方向阻抗和偏移特性阻抗三种动作特性的的按绝对值比较原理工作的整流型多特性阻抗继电器的构成原理.它在原单一特性阻抗继电器的基础上稍加改进,即可获得三种特性功能的阻抗继电器,这就拓广了阻抗继电器的使用范围,且具有经费省,接线简单之特点.     

测量阻抗轨迹和阻抗继电器性能的研究

为了精确计算测量阻抗随过渡电阻变化的轨迹,本文利用解析分析的方法对双端系统不同故障类型下送、受端正反向故障时的测量阻抗轨迹进行了详细的计算分析,并以姆欧继电器和四边形特性的距离继电器为例简要分析了其稳态动作行为。本文所得到的测量阻抗随过渡电阻变化的轨迹为分析阻抗继电器的动作行为提供了理论依据,对距离继电器的设计制造部门也具有一定的指导作用。     

阻抗继电器静态动作特性数字仿真

以前,对阻抗继电器静态动作特性进行分析,多数是利用阻抗继电器动作方程进行数学变换,然后,对数学公式分析,得出阻抗继电器在不同参数下的静态动作特性。但是,这种方法存在如下缺点: (1)分析阻抗继电器动作特性时,通常有假设前提。例如,分析极化量相位角对方向阻抗继电器特性影响时,一般是在两比较回路的极化量绝对值及电抗变压器输出相等的前提下进行的。这对全面考虑各比较量误差对阻抗继电器特性影响不利。(2)当阻抗继电器动作特性畸变较大时,对其用数学公式分析是复杂和困难的。(3)用数学公式分析阻抗继电器动作特性,一般是定性分析。     

三段式阻抗继电器动作边界测试方法的研究

根据三段式阻抗继电器动作边界特性的不同,分别给出了相应的动作方程,并在此基础上提出了两种测试阻抗继电器动作边界的方法--跳跃法和边界法,成功地解决了因三段式阻抗继电器有公共出口而导致测试过程过于繁琐的问题.这两种方法已经应用于投入使用的变电所二次设备微机全自动在线检测软件中,取得了满意的效果.     

Ⅲ段距离保护作为后备保护的性能分析

在阻抗继电器与距离继电器分类的基础上,对Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ段阻抗继电器的配合问题和Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ段距离继电器的配合问题进行了深入的探讨,分析了Ⅲ段距离保护作为后备保护应具有的条件.由于阻抗继电器具有性质1,Ⅲ段阻抗继电器作为Ⅰ、Ⅱ段阻抗继电器的后备,在任何一次系统条件下都是成立的.由于距离继电器不具有性质1,一次系统结构、参数、运行方式、短路类型变化对Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ段距离继电器的配合都产生影响.如果Ⅲ段距离继电器支接阻抗特性不能够涵盖Ⅰ、Ⅱ段距离继电器的支接阻抗动作特性,则Ⅲ段保护起不到后备保护的作用.     

Microprocessor-based negative-sequence relay

A three-phase power system can be subjected to various types of faults. Symmetrical components furnish a tool which is well suited for analysing such faults. This paper describes a microprocessor-based system which calculates the symmetrical components from the sampled data of the three phase quantities in real time. The computed symmetrical components can be used conveniently in a variety of protection schemes. A negative-sequence relay for the protection of three-phase generators is described. The relay protects a generator against negative-sequence current using a constant-current extension of the characteristic of an inverse-time induction relay responsive to negative-sequence current. The performance of the relay has been evaluated in the laboratory under various fault conditions. Some test results are included in this paper.     

一起主变、母差保护相继动作原因分析

针对一起变电站的110 kV母差保护和220 kV主变保护相继动作跳闸事件展开了分析,通过事故调查发现其存在2个实际故障点,分别位于110 kV母差保护动作区,以及110 kV母差和220 kV主变保护动作的重叠区。当第1次故障发生时,110 kV母差保护动作跳开101断路器;第2次故障导致主变A柜差动保护动作,B柜110 kV复合电压过流保护动作,跳开主变三侧断路器。从继电保护设计的角度出发,对提高继电保护动作可靠性提出了建议。     

Microcontroller based overcurrent relay and directional overcurrent relay with ground fault protection

This paper presents the design and construction of overcurrent and directional overcurrent relays with ground fault protection for the protection of three-phase subtransmission and distribution systems, using a 16-bit microprocessor, the Intel 8096BH. The relay obtains the system currents at the rate of 12 samples per cycle and estimates the fundamental-frequency components of the current signals using discrete Fourier transform techniques. In the case of the directional overcurrent relay, the direction of the current flow is identified to determine whether the fault current is flowing into its protected zone. For this purpose, several internally stored voltage vectors, corresponding to the different directional element settings, are synchronized accurately with the system voltage and used to determine the direction of the power flow. Facilities to change relay characteristics, the time dial and plug settings are provided. The user can also set the relay as an instantaneous overcurrent relay. The desired operating characteristics are achieved by direct curve data storage in the memory.     

Commutated relay switching system

A basic electronic control scheme which allows relays to be utilized at fast switching rates with long lifetimes and is applicable with standard microprocessor-based systems is described. The basic power-switching circuit consists of a commutating diode connected in parallel with the contacts of a single master relay, and this combination connected in series with a parallel combination of slave switching relays and associated loads. Timing and control is provided in such a way that the relays are switched at a high frequency but never with current flowing through the contacts. An actual range application with multiple loads is described, along with the necessary circuitry and logic. In addition, a diagnostic scheme is described which takes advantage of the commutated system to determine component failures in the power switching loads     

Fault component reactance relay

A new power system distance relay is developed in this paper. The relay is based on two operation criteria: a current criterion; and a voltage criterion. Each uses the fault component as the operating quantity, and the relay reacts only on the reactance of the transmission line. So, it is a fault component reactance relay. During external faults, the two criteria are complementary to each other, i.e. at least one of them will not be satisfied; so no maloperation will occur. During internal faults, both criteria will be satisfied even if the fault resistance is high