根系CT序列图像区域生长分割的新方法

在对传统区域生长算法改进的基础上,针对原位根系CT序列图像的特点,提出了一种基于区域生长的植物根系CT序列图像分割算法。通过对208幅JPEG格式的植物根系CT序列图像进行直方图分析,确定植物根系区域的分割阈值范围,结合阈值分割实现改进区域生长法对单层根系图像进行分割得到目标区域。在此基础上,利用植物根系在介质环境中的空间连续性,进一步实现仅在选择单幅图像种子点的情况下一次性完成整套CT序列图像的分割。借助MITK（Medical Imaging Toolkit）工具箱对分割好的原位根系CT序列图像进行三维重建,对三维模型进行不同角度观测来判断分割的正确性。实验结果表明,该算法分割速度快、精度高,能够有效地去除CT图像背景中杂质像素,准确提取出植物根系目标区域。     

基于遗传算法的原位根系CT图像的模糊阈值分割

原位根系CT图像的精确分割是实现植物根系3维重建和定量分析的重要基础。为了对原位根系CT序列图像进行准确、有效的分割,针对原位根系CT序列图像固有的模糊性特征,设计了一种基于遗传算法的模糊多阈值图像分割方法。该方法首先通过直方图分析确定了原位根系3维分割的初始阈值范围;然后通过设计一种模糊隶属度函数, 将图像模糊划分为若干个不同的区域; 最后采用最大模糊熵准则,并借助遗传算法寻找确定了一组序列图像的最佳分割阈值。编程实验结果证实,该算法不仅能更加准确、有效地对植物根系原位CT序列图像进行分割,并可提高图像阈值分割的精度和效率。     

原位根系三维构型测量系统的设计与实现

为定量描述和分析三维根系构型,设计开发了植物根系三维构型测量分析系统,以实现原位根系的三维可视化,以及检测、分析其三维构型参数的功能。系统实现了对原位根系CT序列图像读写、分割、三维重建、三维矢量模型构建等关键算法,并在此基础上完成三维根系构型参数自动检测。通过对原型系统进行初步的测试与分析,初步实现了根系三维构型参数的自动化测量并获得了较好的测量结果。     

基于变精度粗糙集和粒子群的图像分割方法

针对其他算法分割图像耗时较多的问题,结合粒子群优化算法和变精度粗糙集理论提出了一种新的分割算法.利用粗糙集理论将图像按照一定的规则进行划分,找出图像的边界.利用变精度粗糙集理论对图像子块的边界进行计算,利用粒子群优化算法寻找最佳的β及其对应的灰度值,并对图像进行分割.通过对测试图像进行Matlab仿真,验证了算法的效果...     

一种基于极大特征点的三维椎骨分割方法

椎骨的精确分割对于椎骨形态学研究和脊柱疾病的诊断和治疗有重要意义。通过 对正常人脊柱 CT 图序列的变化规律进行研究,提出了一种基于 CT 图像序列并利用椎骨面积 变化规律进行分割的椎骨分割算法。该方法通过对预先处理后的 CT 图像序列进行椎骨区域面 积统计,找出用于分割的显著极大特征点,并利用连续图像相似性筛选出椎骨实际分割点,最 后从序列中提取图像并进行三维重建。实验表明,该算法对正常人体腰椎和胸椎下部的椎骨 CT 图像序列有良好地分割效果,自动化程度较高。对脊柱形态学研究和矫正手术模拟有重要意义。       

基于道路图像的阈值分割算法的研究

在众多的图像分割技术中,阈值化技术是基于区域的图像分割技术,是图像分割中最重要而有效的技术之一.本文给出了几种常用图像阈值分割方法,并提出了一种基于道路图像序列的改进的逐行最优阙值分割算法,其内容是:相邻两帧图像的对应行的亮度、对比度等近似不变,因此它们对应的分割阈值也有近似不变性,运用迭代的方法控制相邻两帧图像对应行的阈值,从而减少运算量,提高算法的实时性.对比仿真结果表明,改进的分割算法具有较高的精度和较好的实时性、鲁棒性.     

基于卷积神经网络的偏色光下植物图像分割方法

为了解决传统图像分割算法在植物工厂中偏色光植物图像上分割精确度不高、泛化性能差的问题,提出了一种基于卷积神经网络,并结合深度学习技术,对人工偏色光下植物图像进行精确分割的方法。采用该方法,最终在偏色光植物图像原始测试集上达到了91.89%的分割精确度,远超全卷积网络、聚类、阈值、区域生长等分割算法。此外,在不同色光之下的植物图片上进行测试,该方法也较上述其他分割算法有着更好的分割效果和泛化性能。实验结果表明,所提方法能够显著提高偏色光下植物图像分割的精确度,可以应用于实际的植物工厂工程项目当中。     

基于配对堆的交互式医学图像分割算法的研究

在序列医学图像的交互式分割过程中,分割速度是交互式算法应用的一个瓶颈.提出了一种基于配对堆的交互式医学图像分割算法.通过使用配对堆实现可降级的优先队列,降低了Live-Wire交互式分割算法从图上大量节点中动态搜索两目标点之间最短路径的时间复杂度.经算法分析以及在放疗计划系统中的应用实验表明,该算法可有效提高序列医学图像的分割效率.     

3种基于MRF的分割方法在遥感影像分割中的应用

对ICM、RL和HCF等3种基于MRF的图像Excel分割算法.在遥感图像领域的分割应用进行了理论和实验的研究分析.并且提出了改进后的HCF算法,可以实现对遥感图像Excel的快速分割并且得到较好的分割效果.通过实验.给出了它们的各自的性能特点和适用范围.对这3个算法的图像Excel分割性能和优缺点进行了比较.     

医学DR图像分割处理过程仿真分析

研究医学DR图像准确分割方法.人体组织的分布特征很难运用准确的数学模型进行描述,由于厚度不均匀,在进行CT图像采集的过程中,图像细节信息会被噪声等不利因素埋没,边缘变得不清晰,对比度降低.传统分割算法主要针对像素的某一个具体特征做出判断,在有噪的环境下,像素提纯受到干扰,很难对非可控信息进行模型控制,导致对医学DR图像的分割效果不好.为了避免上述缺陷,提出了一种人工鱼群算法的医学DR图像分割处理方法.通过对采集的DR图像进行增强处理,提高DR图像的对比度,利用SUSAN算子去除干扰信号,准确计算初始病变区域边界,对边界像素运用人工鱼群方法寻求.实验结果表明,利用改进算法能够有效提高医学DR图像分割的准确性,有利于临床医疗诊断.     

Heuristic Linking Models in Multiscale Image Segmentation

This paper presents a novel approach to multiscale image segmentation. It addresses the linking of pixels at adjacent levels in scale-space and the labeling of roots representing segments in the original image. In previous multiscale segmentation approaches, linking and root labeling were based on intensity proximity only. The approach proposed here contains multiple heuristic mechanisms that result in a single criterion for linking (affection) and root labeling (adultness). The segmentations are validated by measuring the amount of postprocessing that is needed to reach an objectively defined accuracy of segmentation. The evaluation is performed using three artificial 2D images with different characteristics, and two 2D magnetic resonance brain images. A comparison is made with a pyramid segmentation method. It is found that several of the proposed heuristic link and root mechanisms improve the performance of multiscale segmentation. A very satisfactory segmentation of all images could be obtained by using a fixed set of compromised weight settings of the most effective mechanisms.     

基于约束随机游走的肿瘤图像分割方法

精确的肺部肿瘤区域分割对于放射治疗和手术计划的制定至关重要。针对目前基于单模态图像的肺部肿瘤区域分割的精度较低等问题,综合PET和CT图像的优缺点,提出一种全新的多模态肺部肿瘤图像分割方法。首先,使用区域生长法和数学形态学法对PET图像进行预分割以获取初始轮廓,初始轮廓用于获取PET图像和CT图像上随机游走所需的种子点,同时作为约束加入到CT图像的随机游走过程中;依据CT图像解剖特征较强的特点,利用CT解剖特征改进PET图像上随机游走的权值;最终将 PET图像和CT图像上随机游走所获得的相似度矩阵进行加权,在PET图像和CT图像上获得一个相同的分割轮廓。实验表明,相较于其他传统分割算法,所提方法在肺部肿瘤区域分割上具有更高的精确度和更好的稳定性。     

Survey on liver CT image segmentation methods

The segmentation of liver using computed tomography (CT) data has gained a lot of importance in the medical image processing field. In this paper, we present a survey on liver segmentation methods and techniques using CT images, recent methods presented in the literature to obtain liver segmentation are viewed. Generally, liver segmentation methods are divided into two main classes, semi-automatic and fully automatic methods, under each of these two categories, several methods, approaches, related issues and problems will be defined and explained. The evaluation measurements and scoring for the liver segmentation are shown, followed by the comparative study for liver segmentation methods, pros and cons of methods will be accentuated carefully. In this paper, we concluded that automatic liver segmentation using CT images is still an open problem since various weaknesses and drawbacks of the proposed methods can still be addressed.     

A review of atlas-based segmentation for magnetic resonance brain images

Normal and abnormal brains can be segmented by registering the target image with an atlas. Here, an atlas is defined as the combination of an intensity image (template) and its segmented image (the atlas labels). After registering the atlas template and the target image, the atlas labels are propagated to the target image. We define this process as atlas-based segmentation. In recent years, researchers have investigated registration algorithms to match atlases to query subjects and also strategies for atlas construction. In this paper we present a review of the automated approaches for atlas-based segmentation of magnetic resonance brain images. We aim to point out the strengths and weaknesses of atlas-based methods and suggest new research directions. We use two different criteria to present the methods. First, we refer to the algorithms according to their atlas-based strategy: label propagation, multi-atlas methods, and probabilistic techniques. Subsequently, we classify the methods according to their medical target: the brain and its internal structures, tissue segmentation in healthy subjects, tissue segmentation in fetus, neonates and elderly subjects, and segmentation of damaged brains. A quantitative comparison of the results reported in the literature is also presented.     

关于图象分割性能评估的评述

概述了图象分割性能评估发的发展,总结了分割性能评估的基本理论框架：确定图象分割性能评估指标,构造评估测试图象集,评估模型与实验分析,以及分割性能评估的常用方法：统计法,基于ＡＩ的方法和混合法。对评估模型的设计作一些尝试性的探讨。     

肝脏肿瘤CT图像深度学习分割方法综述

肝脏肿瘤的精确分割是肝脏疾病诊断、手术计划和术后评估的重要步骤。计算机断层成像（computed tomography,CT）能够为肝脏肿瘤的诊断和治疗提供更为全面的信息,分担了医生繁重的阅片工作,更好地提高诊断的准确性。但是由于肝脏肿瘤的类型多样复杂,使得分割成为计算机辅助诊断的重难点问题。肝脏肿瘤CT图像的深度学习分割方法较传统的分割方法取得了明显的性能提升,并获得快速的发展。通过综述肝脏肿瘤图像分割领域的相关文献,本文介绍了肝脏肿瘤分割的常用数据库,总结了肝脏肿瘤CT图像的深度学习分割方法：全卷积网络（fully convolutional network,FCN）、U-Net网络和生成对抗网络（generative adversarial network,GAN）方法,重点给出了各类方法的基本思想、网络架构形式、改进方案以及优缺点等,并对这些方法在典型数据集上的性能表现进行了比较。最后,对肝脏肿瘤深度学习分割方法的未来研究趋势进行了展望。     

Gradient convergence filters and a phase congruency approach for in vivo cell nuclei detection

Computational methods used in microscopy cell image analysis have largely augmented the impact of imaging techniques, becoming fundamental for biological research. The understanding of cell regulation processes is very important in biology, and in particular confocal fluorescence imaging plays a relevant role for the in vivo observation of cells. However, most biology researchers still analyze cells by visual inspection alone, which is time consuming and prone to induce subjective bias. This makes automatic cell image analysis essential for large scale, objective studies of cells. While the classic approach for automatic cell analysis is to use image segmentation, for in vivo confocal fluorescence microscopy images of plants, such approach is neither trivial nor is it robust to image quality variations. To analyze plant cells in in vivo confocal fluorescence microscopy images with robustness and increased performance, we propose the use of local convergence filters (LCF). These filters are based in gradient convergence and as such can handle illumination variations, noise and low contrast. We apply a range of existing convergence filters for cell nuclei analysis of the Arabidopsis thaliana plant root tip. To further increase contrast invariance, we present an augmentation to local convergence approaches based on image phase information. Through the use of convergence index filters we improved the results for cell nuclei detection and shape estimation when compared with baseline approaches. Using phase congruency information we were able to further increase performance by 11% for nuclei detection accuracy and 4% for shape adaptation. Shape regularization was also applied, but with no significant gain, which indicates shape estimation was good for the applied filters.