改进嵌套稀疏圆阵下基于OGSBL的DOA估计方法

针对现有基于嵌套稀疏圆阵DOA估计方法计算复杂度高、超参数无法快速选取问题,提出了一种基于改进嵌套稀疏圆阵的离格稀疏贝叶斯学习(OGSBL)方法.该方法首先将改进嵌套稀疏圆阵接收信号的协方差矩阵进行向量化处理,然后构造扩展的观测矩阵,进而结合离格模型与稀疏贝叶斯学习算法实现欠定的DOA估计.仿真实验结果表明,所提算法降...     

基于协方差矩阵重构的离网格DOA估计方法

针对稀疏表示模型中网格失配导致波达方向角(DOA)估计存在较大估计误差的问题,该文提出一种基于协方差矩阵重构的离网格(Off-Grid)DOA估计方法(OGCMR).首先,将DOA与网格点之间偏移量包含进所构建接收数据空域离散稀疏表示模型;而后基于重构信号协方差矩阵建立关于DOA估计的稀疏表示凸优化问题;再构建采样协方差矩阵估计误差凸模型,并将此凸集显式包含进稀疏表示模型以改善稀疏信号重构性能;最后采用交替迭代方法求解所得联合优化问题以获得网格偏移参数及离网格DOA估计.数值仿真表明,与传统多重信号分类(MUSIC)、L1-SVD及基于稀疏和低秩恢复的稳健MVDR(SLRD-RMVDR)等估计算法相比,所提算法具有较好的角度分辨力以及较高的DOA估计精度.     

基于虚拟孔径扩展的非均匀稀疏阵DOA估计

针对常规均匀线阵DOA估计中可估计信源数目不足的问题,提出了一种基于虚拟孔径扩展的非均匀稀疏阵DOA估计算法。该算法首先对非均匀稀疏阵接收信号协方差矩阵进行向量化处理,通过Khatri-Rao积运算得到新的协方差矩阵;然后利用任意阵列下的空间平滑算法恢复新协方差矩阵的秩;最后通过对新协方差矩阵进行特征值分解实现DOA估计。与传统MUSIC算法相比,该算法可以在阵元数目小于信源数目的条件下实现DOA估计,大大增加了可估计信源数目,同时在低信噪比、小快拍条件下仍能得到DOA估计结果。仿真结果证明了算法的有效性。     

基于协方差矩阵重构的离网格DOA估计方法

针对稀疏表示模型中网格失配导致波达方向角(DOA)估计存在较大估计误差的问题,该文提出一种基于协方差矩阵重构的离网格(Off-Grid)DOA估计方法(OGCMR)。首先,将DOA与网格点之间偏移量包含进所构建接收数据空域离散稀疏表示模型;而后基于重构信号协方差矩阵建立关于DOA估计的稀疏表示凸优化问题;再构建采样协方差矩阵估计误差凸模型,并将此凸集显式包含进稀疏表示模型以改善稀疏信号重构性能;最后采用交替迭代方法求解所得联合优化问题以获得网格偏移参数及离网格DOA估计。数值仿真表明,与传统多重信号分类(MUSIC)、L1-SVD及基于稀疏和低秩恢复的稳健MVDR (SLRD-RMVDR)等估计算法相比,所提算法具有较好的角度分辨力以及较高的DOA估计精度。     

阵元失效条件下的高精度DOA估计方法

为解决波达方向（Direction Of Arrival,DOA）估计方法在阵元失效条件下性能下降甚至失效的问题,本文提出一种基于Toeplitz协方差矩阵重构的DOA估计方法.首先,提出了一种失效阵元检测方法,并根据阵列的鲁棒性将失效阵元分为冗余阵元失效和非冗余阵元失效两种情况.然后,分别针对两种失效场景提出相应DOA估计方法：一是冗余阵元失效,利用阵列冗余度,结合差联合阵列对失效阵元进行填充;二是非冗余阵元失效,利用阵列冗余度进行填充后仍存在空洞,结合矩阵填充理论,用迹范数代替秩范数进行凸松弛以恢复协方差矩阵,进而实现对虚拟阵元空洞的填充,恢复阵列自由度.相对于稀疏类算法,有效消除了模型失配的影响.最后,基于子空间方法进行DOA估计.理论和仿真结果表明,相对于现有方法,本文方法有效避免了阵元失效的影响,提高了估计精度.     

基于波束空间的后验稀疏约束迭代DOA估计方法

基于后验稀疏约束的高分辨窄带信号波达方向(DOA)迭代估计算法在每次迭代时需要计算高阶矩阵的逆.本文提出了后验稀疏约束迭代DOA估计的波束空间简化实现算法.波束空间的滤波预处理避免了受噪声影响的正则化参数选取问题.由于每次迭代需要求逆的矩阵阶数一般为3或4,大大简化了DOA估计的计算量.     

基于压缩感知DOA估计的稀疏阵列设计

根据格拉姆(Gram)矩阵优化测量矩阵的方法,给出了一种基于压缩感知波达方向(DOA)估计的均匀线阵的稀疏阵列设计方法.该方法不需要对阵列的输出数据进行压缩采样,直接利用稀疏阵列的输出数据,然后利用稀疏恢复算法求解DOA估计信息.实验仿真证明,相比于原均匀线阵,所提方法在阵元数目较少且信噪比较低的情况下具有更好的DOA估计性能.     

未知信源数目的DOA估计方法

针对信源数目未知情况下的DOA估计问题,该文提出了两种基于稀疏表示的DOA估计方法。一种是基于阵列协方差矩阵特征向量稀疏表示的DOA估计方法,首先证明了阵列协方差矩阵的最大特征向量是所有信号导向矢量的线性组合,然后利用阵列协方差矩阵的最大特征向量建立稀疏模型进行DOA估计;另一种是基于阵列协方差矩阵高阶幂稀疏表示的DOA估计方法,根据信号特征值大于噪声特征值的特性,通过对协方差矩阵的高阶幂逼近信号子空间,利用协方差矩阵的高阶幂的列向量建立DOA估计的稀疏模型进行DOA估计。理论分析和仿真实验验证,两种方法都不需要进行信号源数目的估计,具有较高的精度、较好的分辨力,对相干信号也具有优越的适应能力。     

基于Laplace先验的Bayes压缩感知波达方向估计

基于多任务贝叶斯压缩感知(BCS)理论,该文提出一种使用Laplace先验的目标到达角(DOA)估计算法。该算法利用阵元输出为观测值,将DOA估计转化为Laplace先验约束下的BCS求解稀疏信号问题,使用Laplace先验获得比传统BCS更好的稀疏性。该算法不需要信源个数的先验信息和进行特征值分解,能够适应相干信源场景,仿真结果表明该算法具有比传统BCS方法和经典MUSIC算法更好的DOA估计性能。     

基于L型和差嵌套阵的二维波达方向估计

针对传统L型均匀阵列二维波达方向（Direction of Arrival,DOA）估计中可估计信源数目受限于阵元数、分辨率低等问题,提出了一种新的L型和差嵌套阵列结构。该L型阵列的两个子阵布置相同,是非均匀的稀疏阵,通过阵元位置之间的差分、求和操作达到虚拟扩展阵元数目的效果,从而提升阵列的自由度。采用该阵列进行二维DOA估计时,两个子阵分别先进行一维的DOA估计,再采用PSCM（Pair-matching Signal Covariance Matrices）算法进行一维角度配对。每个子阵进行一维波达方向估计时,先采用VCAM（Vectorized Conjugate Augmented MUSIC）算法生成非均匀稀疏阵的求和求差协方差矩阵,再采用矩阵重构的方法恢复协方差矩阵的秩,最后对协方差矩阵采用MUSIC（Multiple Signal Classification）算法进行DOA估计。实验仿真表明,本阵列有着更高的自由度和估计精度。      

基于虚拟阵列的二维稀疏阵列相干源DOA估计

波达方向DOA估计是雷达阵列信号处理的一个重要方向,传统的MUSIC算法对均匀阵列条件下独立信号源的估计有很强的适应性,但实际的雷达工作中,稀疏布阵下多相干源测角是一个经常出现的应用场景。文中针对二维稀疏阵列的相干源测角,提出了一种基于虚拟阵列的相干源DOA估计方法。该方法利用虚拟阵列内插的方法,将一个任意二维稀疏阵列内插为一个均匀面阵,再通过二维空间平滑方法对相干源进行测角,能够同时获得信号的方位角和俯仰角信息。稀疏面阵和稀疏圆阵的仿真实验结果表明,该方法可以有效的解决二维稀疏阵列的相干源测角问题。     

Covariance matrix based fast smoothed sparse DOA estimation with partly calibrated array

To solve the problem of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for partly calibrated array, a new gain-phase error matrix estimation scheme and a smoothed sparse signal reconstruction method tailored for the complex-valued covariance matrix are proposed. In the proposed method, DOA estimation is achieved by employing the structure of the covariance matrix for the error matrix estimation and the complex-valued gradient matrix based fast non-convexity data reconstruction. The proposed method has much faster computational speed than other sparse DOA estimation methods with partly calibrated array. In addition, simulation results show that it performs well and is independent of the errors.     

Sparse continuous-field and super-resolution method for direction-of-arrival estimation

In the application of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation based on sensor array, bearing-discretization has been a major technique for the sparsity-based methods in the past decade. However, discretization leads to the modeling error of sparse representation, which usually deteriorates the accuracy of DOA estimation. In this paper, a sparse continuous-field and super-resolution method (SCSM) is proposed to overcome the discretization issue. SCSM estimates DOA in the continuous bearing-space by solving a minimization problem, which combines the measurement covariance fitting criterion with the source-sparsity constraint characterized by minimizing an atomic norm. This minimization problem has a unique solution. After obtained the solution uniquely, Prony’s method is utilized to estimate the DOA of sources. Therefore, SCSM has the capability to acquire a sparse and accurate estimation of DOA. In addition, it has some other advantages, including excellent super-resolution capability, no requirement of source number, applicability to arbitrary number of snapshots. Numerical results demonstrate the superior performance of the presented method.     

Off-grid DOA estimation algorithm based on unitary transform and sparse Bayesian learning

A rapid off-grid DOA estimating method of RV-OGSBL was raised based on unitary transformation,against the problem of traditional sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) algorithm in solving effectiveness of signal’s DOA estimation under condition of lower signal noise ratio (SNR).Actual received signal of uniform linear array was generated through constructing augment matrix as the processing signal used by DOA estimation.Then,estimation model was transformed from complex value to real value by using unitary transformation.In the next step,off-grid model and sparse Bayesian learning algorithm were combined together to process the realization of DOA estimation iteratively.The accuracy of estimation could made relatively high.The simulation result demonstrates that the RV-OGSBL method not only maintains the performance of traditional SBL algorithm,but also reduces the computational complexity significantly.Under the situation of lower signal noise ratio (SNR) and low number of snapshots,the running time of algorithm is reduced about 50%.This shows the RV-OGSBL method is a rapid DOA estimation algorithm.     

协方差矩阵稀疏表示在网格失配波达方向估计中的应用

该文利用了入射信号在空域的稀疏性,将波达方向（DOA）估计问题描述为在网格划分的空间协方差矩阵稀疏表示模型,并将其松弛为一个凸问题,从而提出了一种网格匹配下的交替迭代方法（AIEGM）。传统的基于稀疏重构的波达方向估计算法由于其模型的局限性,一旦入射角不在预先设定的离散化网格上,就会造成估计性能的急剧恶化。针对这个问题,该算法可以在离散化网格比较粗糙的前提下,通过交替迭代的方法求解一系列基追踪去噪（BPDN）问题,对于不在网格上的真实角度估计值进行修正,从而达到更精确的波达方向估计。仿真结果证明了AIEGM算法的有效性。      

基于贝叶斯压缩感知的子空间拟合离格DOA估计

针对传统的基于稀疏贝叶斯学习（Sparse Bayesian Learning,SBL）的波达方向估计算法对噪声鲁棒性不高的问题,提出了一种基于SBL的子空间拟合离格波达方向(Direction of Arrival,DOA)估计方法。首先对接收数据的协方差矩阵进行特征分解,获得信号的加权子空间,构造等价信号的稀疏表示模型并利用贝叶斯学习算法进行参数求解。同时对于网格划分带来的建模误差问题,采用了离格贝叶斯推导（Sparse Bayesian Inference,SBI）算法进行求解,利用期望最大化算法迭代更新相应的参数。仿真结果表明,相对于传统的DOA方法,该方法具有更好的估计精度。     

DOA estimation for sparse nested MIMO radar with velocity receive sensor array

Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for sparse nested MIMO radar with velocity receive sensor array is studied, and an algorithm based on extended unitary root multiple signal classification (MUSIC) is proposed. The nested MIMO radar utilizes sparse transmit array and velocity receive array with nested inter-element distances, which can make the final virtual array to be a long and sparse velocity sensor array. After exploiting unitary transformation to transform the data into real-valued one, an extended root MUSIC based method is developed to decompose the angle estimation into high-resolution but ambiguous and low-resolution but unambiguous DOA estimations, which are automatically paired. Thereafter, the ambiguous estimation is used to recover all possible DOAs, and the unambiguous DOA estimation is used as a reference to resolve the estimation ambiguity problem. Compared to conventional methods, the proposed algorithm requires no peak search, maintains larger aperture and achieves better DOA estimation performance. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of our approach.