γ射线密度计系统的硬软件设计

简要介绍了γ射线密度计系统的工作原理，叙述了一种基于8098单片机的挖泥船密度计系统的硬软件设计。具有测量精度高、抗干扰性能好、成本低、操作简便等特点。     

γ射线密度计传输特性的Monte Carlo模拟

在主持研制“1600型挖泥船产量测试系统”的基础上,利用欧洲核子中心(CERN)开发的Monte Carlo模拟软件系统GEANT4,模拟分析了放射源准直特性、射线能量等因素对传输特性的影响,为系统的优化设计提供了理论指导。     

挖泥船微机产量计软件设计

在挖泥船一体化产量计的研制工作中，运用Ｃ语言及汇编语言的混合编程完成了系统软件设计，本软件利用计算机模拟工业化仪表，操作简单，能够直观地指导工作人员进行操作。     

再论EJ 528-1998《核仪器安全通用要求》

EJ528-1998《核仪器安全通用要求》是核仪器强制性标准之一,它规定了核仪器及其附件的安全通用要求,适用于全部的核仪器。本文是对《EJ 528-1998〈核仪器安全通用要求〉及其相关标准》(见本刊1999年第4期)的补充和深化,特别是充实了防电击中有关的测量和试验、防电离辐射中源部件的安全要求等内容。     

通用核仪器重点标准实施调查报告

介绍了北京核仪器厂和西安核仪器厂生产的通用核仪器(主要是医用核仪器)标准贯彻实施的情况,包括成功的经验和存在的问题。经过分析、研究后认为,标准实施关系到企业的信誉、利益、生存和发展,其关键是领导重视和强化管理,以及搞好企业标准化;而通用核仪器标准的贯彻实施还须从企业外部加强核仪器的行业归口管理,健全质量监督机制,实行生产许可证制度。     

便携式氚表面污染测量仪的研制

开发新一代高性能便携式核仪器是为了满足现场核测量的需求.介绍了单片机(μPSD3234A)的主要特性、开发环境,同时介绍了基于该款单片机的便携式氚表面污染测量仪,给出了仪器的软硬件设计方案.仪器具有体积小、功耗低、易携带、便于现场测量等优点,提高了仪器的性能指标.     

铀矿探测仪噐中新型探测噐的研究和应用

用于铀矿普查、勘探的放射性测量仪器是核仪器的一个分支,在此领域内所使用的仪器型号和数量是相当可观的。铀矿探测仪器的发展与核电子学和核仪器的发展密切相关,核电子学和探测器件的研究成果不断被引进铀矿探测仪器中,使仪器的性能逐渐得到改进。 近几年来,铀矿探测仪器中的探测器有了不少发展,其中包括原有探测器的改进和新型探测器的研究和应用。本文介绍国外近几年来在这方面的进展情况。     

JLH-1型氦气质谱检漏仪制造工艺、安装及调整总结

本文是JLH-1型氦气质谱检漏仪研究试制工作的一个总结。文中着重总结了该仪器的试制工艺、安装和试验调整的一些经验,对该仪器中几个重要部件的关键问题作了一些说明。最后,对仪器的结构设计提出了一些改进意见。试验结果表明,本仪器的灵敏度已达到10~(-6)微米·升/秒级的水平。     

国外放射性探矿仪器简介

在普查、勘探放射性矿床中,放射性探矿仪器是不可缺少的工具。不断改进和提高各类探矿仪器的性能,有助于提高探矿效果和工作效率。每隔一个阶段各类放射性探矿仪器就有一些改进,每过几年就有一批新仪器     

工业用核仪器的发展动向

我国工业用核仪器经历了近40年的发展,已经达到了一定的规模和水平。发展较早的“老三计”能满足一定数量的市场需求、技术水平较高的智能化工业用核仪器也相继出现,多参数的测量装置的研究取得了可喜的成果。用于核子秤的长条形电离室的研究工作也达到了实用水平,应用场合不断扩大,逐渐渗透到国民经济的几十个部门。核仪器发挥其独有特点,起着其他仪表无法替代的作用。有些仪器在工业生产过程中已经形成了闭环控制。实践证明:核仪器是很重要的,应该大力发展。但是就我国核仪器的整体情况而     

1BP钚在线测量装置的研制及应用

为满足热实验在线监测的需要,根据热室工艺设备台架及热室的具体情况,设计加工安装了一套1BP钚在线测量装置,该在线测量装置主要由探测系统、光路系统、样品流通池系统和控制及数据处理系统组成。采用C语言开发了控制及数据处理程序,应用无线模块使仪器和计算机之间实现无线信号传输及远程控制和数据处理。采用Pu标准溶液刻度仪器,建立了1BP溶液中钚在线分析方法。工作曲线的线性范围为0.1～5.0 g/L,R²=0.999。用该测量装置测量0.5 g/L的Pu标准溶液,结果的相对标准偏差为0.67%。该测量装置的热实验应用结果表明,其可实时监测工艺运行状况,监测结果可用于指导各相液流配比的调节。     

核辐射与有害气体监测仪设计

采用计数管与电离室作为传感器,以基于ARM内核的微处理器为中心控制器,在同一仪器上实现了对核辐射和化学有害气体的监测.仪器具有LCD显示、菜单式操作、语音报警功能.     

A General-Purpose System for Data Acquisition and Instrument Control

Sophisticated laboratory equipment, ground-based instruments and scientific instruments produced for space flight require ground support equipment (GSE) systems for instrument checkout and data analysis. The increasing complexity of flight instruments and the short time scales proposed for Shuttle instrument development, integration and flight require a fresh approach to instrument GSE systems design. Several groups throughout NASA have proposed that the GSE system should accompany each flight instrument throughout its life as an instrument specific integration support, control center support, and post-launch quick-look data analysis system. Such a system has been developed at the Laboratory for High Energy Astrophysics of the Goddard Space Flight Center. It consists of a minicomputer system with a modular hardware interface and a standardized modular software system and console language which are easily adaptable to a wide range of flight instruments. This paper relates thehistory of that effort, states the basic objectives of the system and describes the hardware and software which were developed to meet these objectives. The Experiment Command Interactive Language (ECIL) used to configure and control the instrument is described, and an example is given of its use.     

An Accurate Digital Instrument to Measure Reactor Period

At facilities having a research-training reactor, such as the University of Missouri-Rolla Reactor (UMRR), one finds it necessary to perform a large number of rod calibrations during the course of the year. In practice rod worths are determined by measuring the reactor period created by an incremental withdrawal of the rod under calibration. Period is then related to reactivity thru the use of a publication such as the AEC publication, IDO16485. This frequent measurement of period makes it desirable to have a simple, automatic and accurate method to make such measurements. At UMRR we have designed, constructed and installed such an instrument. The instrument measures doubling time rather than period but, thru the use of an internal time base conversion, displays a four bit decimal number that is the reactor period in seconds. The instrument is simple in concept and utilizes the 7400 Series integrated circuits in the largest portion of the unit. The instrument is easy to operate and once initiated, will automatically complete the measurement of the period displaying the results. Error in the instrument can be shown to be less than 1.5%. Thus the unit meets the three requirements of simplicity, accuracy and ease of operation and in addition is moderately inexpensive, less than $120.     

固定式中子剂量仪器现场标校方法研究

本文利用小型可控中子源和中子剂量参考仪器组成的核设施现场标校系统,通过空间位置对称条件下的待校准仪器与参考仪器对中子管出射中子响应之比,得到校准系数;为了完成仪器的周围剂量当量校准系数从国家标准计量检定中心参考辐射场到核设施现场的传递,必须对其进行能量修正。通过Am-Be中子源模拟核设施内部辐射场,在其中进行中子剂量仪器现场标校实验,并与校准过的多球中子谱仪测量结果相比较。结果表明:使用未经修正的校准系数对待校准仪器的测量结果进行校准,周围剂量当量率相对偏差为17.0%;使用修正后的校准系数对待校准仪器的测量结果进行校准,周围剂量当量率相对偏差为-2.4%。     

YZ-1型放射性污染测量仪

为解决对受放射性污染的粮、菜、水和人体排泄物等样品进行快速测定,及时估算放射性污染量,因而设计研制了YZ—1型放射性污染测量仪。它由主机和探头两部份组成,可分别探测β和γ两种射线(必要时亦可探测α射线)的强度。主机采用国产CMOS集成电路、六位数字显示、自动定时、交直流供电,具有体积小、耗电少、计数容量大、灵敏度高、携带和操作维修方便等特点。它也适用于平时对放射性样品的活度测量,是一种军民两用、平战结合的射线测量仪器。     

Ions Measurement at the Edge of HT-7 Tokamak

A reliable method of measuring ions and ion temperature in tokamak plasma is necessary, for which an omegatron-like instrument has been developed on the HT-7 tokamak. The basic layout of the omegatron-like instrument is shown in this article. The measurement of working gas ion has been performed in the last experimental campaign on HT-7 tokamak. The relations among ion current, the electron repeller voltage and trap voltage have been investigated. This omegatron-like instrument has also provided the edge-plasma ion temperature.     

高温原位氟化熔盐红外吸收光谱装置研制

钍基熔盐堆是第四代核能系统的候选堆型之一,熔盐由于优异的传热性能与中子特性,被作为冷却剂和燃料盐载体在堆内运行,其微观结构对其物理化学性质有重大影响,因此,研究熔盐结构对熔盐制备净化、腐蚀控制以及熔盐堆的设计、建造和安全运行都有重要的指导作用。红外吸收光谱(Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy,IR)是研究熔盐结构的有力工具之一,但标准仪器无法实现高温(500oC)熔盐的测量。本研究在解决了样品加热、环境气氛控制以及腐蚀等难题后,研制了一套适用于高温氟化熔盐实验的高温原位红外吸收光谱装置。该装置中,加热炉为左右两开式,可以直接放进标准红外光谱仪样品仓内;样品池为组装式,主体是能够耐氟化熔盐腐蚀的镍基哈氏合金,窗片为单晶Si C或金刚石;样品池整体呈倒"T"型,上端密封盖带有进气口和出气口,可实现抽真空或通惰性气体的操作。该装置可以实现25-600oC温度范围测量,波段范围覆盖近红外和中红外(14 700-400 cm~(-1))。通过使用常温水和高温亚硝酸钠的红外光谱实验对该装置的可靠性进行了验证。利用该装置,我们成功地获得了高温氟锂铍(FLi Be)熔盐的红外吸收光谱。     

Direct containment heating experiments for Vandellos and ASCo nuclear power plants

The ongoing IPE studies for the Vandellos and ASCo nuclear power plants require evaluation of accident phenomena that have been perceived to potentially challenge containment integrity including direct containment heating (DCH). Analyses and scaled experiments performed to date indicated that the lower containment structures play a substantial role in mitigating the extent of DCH given a high pressure melt ejection. Since the geometry is judged to be of major importance, linearly scaled experiments were conceived and conducted to evaluate the role of such structures in the Vandellos and ASCo specific configurations. The Vandellos test configuration with an initally dry cavity and significant exhaust area for the instrument tunnel resulted in the dispersal of a majority of the debris from the instrument tunnel into the lower compartment. The test of the ASCo configuration with an initially wet reactor cavity and limited exhaust area from the instrument tunnel exhibited the retention of the majority of the debris within the instrument tunnel and reactor cavity. The observed pressure responses in these scaled experiments for the seal table room, lower containment vessel, and upper containment vessel were all less than the containment design basis pressure. These test results contribute to the existing technical basis for concluding that direct containment heating would not represent a challenge to the integrity of these containments.