挤压铸造比压对A357合金组织及性能的影响

采用挤压铸造试验模具,研究了挤压铸造工艺对A357合金组织及力学性能的影响.研究表明,当挤压比达到50 MPa时,可有效消除铸件铸造缺陷;达到90 MPa时,A357合金铸件密度显著提高.当挤压比压达到150MPa时,α晶显著细化,二次枝晶间距也明显缩短,合金综合力学性能显著提高,在该工艺条件下,A357合金铸态性能可达到:Rm≥266 MPa,A≥7.5％,HB≥88;经T6处理后性能可达到:Rm≥373MPa,A≥10.5％,HB≥121.本项目研究结果可为我国开展汽车底盘安保铝合金铸件研制提供借鉴.     

热处理工艺对高强铸造Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金力学性能的影响

研制了一种新型高强度铸造铝合金,并对该合金的热处理工艺进行了研究。结果表明,该合金最佳固溶处理工艺为515℃×10h水淬;最佳时效处理工艺为160℃×2h。在此热处理制度下,该合金获得优良的综合力学性能:Rm≥380MPa,δ≥6%。     

挤压铸造2A70合金及热处理工艺研究

通过与金属型铸造对比试验,研究了挤压铸造工艺对2A70合金及热处理工艺的影响。结果表明:2A70合金在压力下凝固,增加了液相过冷度和晶体生长速度,减轻了S(Al2CuMg)相、Al9FeNi相等中间相的偏析程度,并在一定程度上细化了合金的胞晶组织,使时效相在晶内细小、弥散析出,Al9FeNi相在晶界处分布更加均匀细小。同时,消除了铸件的气孔和疏松等缺陷,提高铸件的致密度;挤压铸造铸件的组织不存在明显的方向性,力学性能达到了2A70变形铝合金的水平;挤压铸造2A70合金热处理工艺为:固溶处理加热530℃、保温3h;时效处理加热190℃、保温12h。     

热处理工艺对汽车用铸造铝合金组织与性能的影响

以汽车用A354铸造铝合金为对象,通过微观组织观察、硬度测试等方法研究了固溶处理与时效处理中的温度与时间对铝合金微观组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,铸造铝合金A354最佳热处理工艺为:固溶处理525℃×10 h,时效处理175℃×6 h。在此工艺下,A354合金的布氏硬度值达到129 HB。     

挤压铸造A356.2铝合金发动机悬置支架的组织与性能

以挤压铸造A356.2铝合金发动机悬置支架为研究对象,对支架铸态组织、不同固溶时效热处理后的显微组织与力学性能,以及内部缺陷进行了分析研究。结果表明,挤压铸造A356.2铝合金铸态组织由α-Al相和Al-Si共晶组成,晶粒尺寸约为148μm,二次枝晶间距约为20μm;经固溶时效处理后,共晶Si一部分溶入α-Al相中,一部分以粒状、球状形式分布在α-Al晶界;固溶时间、时效温度和时效时间对A356.2合金的力学性能有一定影响。试样经过535℃×6h固溶+8min水淬+170℃×6h时效处理后,抗拉强度为340.5MPa,屈服强度为274.5MPa,伸长率为10%,满足支架整体力学性能要求。     

6063铝合金铸棒挤压高压开关触座的成形工艺研究

对使用6063铝合金铸棒挤压成形触座的工艺进行了研究,分析了不同挤压及热处理工艺对成形触座硬度、导电率及金相组织的影响。结果表明:合理的挤压和热处理可以显著提高铸造6063铝合金的硬度和导电率,使其满足产品使用要求:硬度≥70HB,导电率≥51%IACS;综合考虑使用要求,合理的挤压工艺为(520～530)℃×1 h,热处理工艺为(520～530)℃×1 h固溶+175℃×8 h时效。     

10%冷变形对7A85铝合金时效微观组织性能的影响

采用半连续铸造工艺制备了7A85铝合金铸锭、挤压工艺制备截面尺寸为50mm×300mm的挤压带板,并对挤压带板进行固溶处理、10%冷压缩处理以及120℃人工时效处理。通过TEM观察、力学性能测试等手段,研究了10%冷变形对7A85铝合金时效微观组织演变规律的影响。结果表明,固溶处理后,10%冷变形处理使合金中产生大量位错,从而提高了合金强度;时效初期,10%冷变形处理的7A85合金中析出相数量较未冷变形处理7A85合金明显增多,起到一定预时效作用;时效末期,10%冷变形处理的7A85铝合金析出相与位错数量均高于未冷变形处理的7A85铝合金,使得合金抗拉强度与屈服强度提升,而伸长率降低。     

挤压铸造ZA27合金蜗轮及固溶时效处理

通过挤压铸造方法制备了ZA27合金蜗轮,并研究了固溶和时效工艺对挤压铸造ZA27合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:挤压铸造工艺制备的ZA27合金蜗轮,各部位组织均匀、致密,力学性能优异。在370℃保温5 h固溶处理,合金的力学性能显著提高,抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别达到450 MPa和18.5%,分别较蜗轮本体提高14.8%和49.2%。合金在50℃和70℃时效时,硬度先升高,出现峰值后不断下降;合金在100℃和150℃时效时,硬度呈不断下降的趋势。     

固溶处理对A356铸造铝合金力学性能影响

为了有效减少车身质量,铝及其合金逐渐成为现代汽车制造的首选材料。对比研究了固溶温度、固溶时间和室温停留时间对汽车轮毂用A356铸造铝合金力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,A356铸造铝合金最佳固溶处理工艺是540℃×3.5 h,最佳室温停留时间为2 h;在此条件下A356铸造铝合金可以获得最佳综合力学性能。     

挤压铸造超高强Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Sc合金的热处理工艺研究

通过EDS、OM、SEM、TEM和常温拉伸等分析测试手段对挤压铸造Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Sc合金的组织特征及在不同热处理制度下的组织状态与力学性能进行了研究.结果表明,挤压铸造Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Sc合金经460℃×24h+470℃×8h+480℃×2h三级强化固溶、120℃×24h单级时效处理,抗拉强度达到597MPa,伸长率达到13.2%,实现了较好的强韧性配合.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.