脉动压力诱导注射成型下的模腔压力响应

自行研制的脉动压力诱导注射成型装置成功地通过聚合物熔体将脉动变化的压力引入到注射成型的充模与保压过程.在该装置上进行实验,实验结果表明:模腔压力的波动频率与活塞杆的振动频率相一致;模腔压力的波动幅值随着活塞杆振幅的增大而增大;活塞杆的振动频率对模腔压力的波动幅值影响较小.     

注射压缩成型与常规注射成型的模腔压力对比分析

在自主开发的注射压缩模具上安装模腔压力传感器,从工艺角度出发,对常规注射成型和注射压缩成型的模腔压力进行了工艺相关性的对比与分析。结果表明,注射压缩可有效降低注射压力和模腔压力,使模腔压力场更加均匀。常规注射成型中模腔压力受模具温度的影响最大,其次为熔体温度、保压时间和保压压力,而注射压缩成型中压缩速率对模腔压力的影响最大,其次为熔体温度和模具温度,压缩行程最弱。低残余应力与低翘曲变形进一步验证了注射压缩的技术优势和压力场特征,表明了模腔压力具有重要的工艺性能指导作用。     

叶片挤出机熔体压力响应及挤出特性EI北大核心CSCD

利用自行研制的叶片挤出机实验研究了工艺参数对熔体压力及挤出产量的影响,分析了叶片挤出机的挤出特性、成型加工过程中熔体压力的动态特性及响应。结果表明,在叶片挤出机中熔体压力随时间周期性脉动变化,实现了脉动压力诱导的挤出成型过程;熔体压力的脉动频率为转子轴角频率的4倍;脉动幅值随转子轴转速的增加而增加,沿挤出方向逐渐减小,口模压力对脉动幅值的影响较小。与常规单螺杆挤出机相比,叶片挤出机具有正位移输送特性,口模压力、物料特性等对产量的影响小,设备挤出特性"硬"。     

工艺参数对高光注射成型制品复制率的影响

以自主开发的车载高光蓝牙外壳模具和温控辅助装置为基础,研究了工艺因素对高光注射成型制品复制率的影响。结果表明,高光成型制品复制率随着模具温度的升高而准线性增大;模温设定条件下,保压压力对制件复制率的影响最大,其次是保压时间,冷却时间影响最小,熔体温度和注射压力的影响以塑料热变形温度为分界点,当模温低于该温度时注射压力的影响较大,反之则相反;随着模温逐步升高,熔体温度和注射压力对制品复制率影响小幅度增大,保压压力、保压时间和冷却时间的影响呈倒"V"型小幅度波动,且均在塑料热变形温度附近达极小值。     

塑料动态注射成型机螺杆轴向脉动特性分析

采用液压激振力为驱动动力的运动机构方法，实现注射螺杆的轴向脉动，使熔融塑化、注射、保压过程均在周期性振动状态下进行。分析了此种振动装置在注射阶段脉动螺杆的动态响应以及振幅和频率的特性。通过研究表明，脉动注射时螺杆的振幅比振源的振幅有一定程度的减小，振动的平衡位置也发生了变化，但振动的频率不变。研究注射螺杆轴向脉动特性，对于设计脉动压力诱导注射成型机有一定的指导意义。     

工艺因素对RHCM成型制品收缩的宏观影响

开发了车载高光蓝牙快速热响应实验模具和动态模温控制系统,基于单因子实验和Taguchi理论,以无定形ABS塑料为实验材料,研究了模具温度对高光注塑成型(Rapid Heat Cycle Molding,RHCM)制品收缩的影响规律。结果表明:适当升高模具温度可以有效降低制品收缩,最佳模温应控制在塑料热变形温度附近;在高模温作用下,熔体温度(低于210℃)和注射压力(低于100 MPa)较低时,制品收缩性态较为复杂,当二者高于该临界值之后则趋于稳定减小或大体不变状态;保压压力、保压时间和冷却时间的影响呈"V"型小幅波动,且均在塑料热变形温度附近达极小值;模温设定条件下,保压压力对制品收缩影响最大,其次是保压时间,冷却时间影响最小,熔体温度和注射压力的影响效应相当.     

聚碳酸脂熔体压缩过程流变特征及型腔压力演化规律

聚碳酸脂熔体在压缩中,既有压缩方向运动又有其垂直方向上的运动,其流变特征比纯剪切或拉伸复杂,型腔压力也呈现出不同于传统注射成型的变化规律。用压缩流变实验研究了压缩过程中应力与压缩速度、熔体温度之间的依赖关系,用等厚度板及变厚度板成型实验研究了型腔压力的变化规律,探索了熔体温度和压缩速度对型腔压力的影响。实验表明压缩过程中压缩力呈现‘steep—steady—steep—steady’模式,低温和高速容易引起压缩力的异常变化,注压成型的压缩阶段具有常规注射成型的后充填和保压的功效,压力出现平台区,随后缓慢下降,压力增大与减小幅度基本一致。     

FM全新卡车顶篷把手气辅成型技术

研究了气辅成型过程中气体穿透聚合物熔体的扩散特征和气.熔界面形态.以FM全新卡车顶篷把手为典型件进行气辅成型实验研究,研究了气体保压压力、熔体温度、气体保压时间、气体注射延迟时间四个重要工艺参数对气熔界面的影响规律.结果表明,在气体注射点近区,气体对聚合物熔体冲击程度较大.呈现出复杂流动形态及扩散特征;低的保压压力和熔体温度,较短的保压时间和较长的气体注射延迟时间可获得较好的气熔界面.     

采用紫外光刻电铸技术的微型腔注塑成型

针对复杂微型腔制作的难点,基于紫外光刻电铸(UV-LIGA)技术和掩膜腐蚀的方法加工了细胞皿微型腔。以聚丙烯(PP)进行单因素充模流动工艺试验,通过极差分析,研究了注射速率、模具温度、熔体温度、保压压力和保压时间对微制品成型质量的影响规律。注射速率对提高充填率起主要作用,模具温度和熔体温度是次要因素,而保压压力和保压时间相对其它因素对充填质量影响较差,但必须保持在一个较高的水平。在获取优化工艺参数后,获得合格的制品。因此基于UV-LIGA技术和掩膜腐蚀的方法制作复杂结构微型腔对于微注塑成型是可行的。     

利用模腔熔体温度进行注射成型v/p转压实验

对注射成型中利用熔体温度进行射速/压力(v/p)转压的控制方式进行了实验研究,分析了制品表面质量、模具温度的变化及影响、制品质量重复精度及质量变化、制品尺寸重复精度及尺寸变化、设置参数和传感器位置的影响等。研究发现,利用模腔熔体温度进行v/p转压的控制方式通过温度来控制保压压力的起始,可达到控制比容的目的,且考虑了熔体黏度的影响,因此可得到更高的制品质量重复精度和尺寸重复精度。     

A hybrid of back propagation neural network and genetic algorithm for optimization of injection molding process parameters

This paper presents a hybrid optimization method for optimizing the process parameters during plastic injection molding (PIM). This proposed method combines a back propagation (BP) neural network method with an intelligence global optimization algorithm, i.e. genetic algorithm (GA). A multi-objective optimization model is established to optimize the process parameters during PIM on the basis of the finite element simulation software Moldflow, Orthogonal experiment method, BP neural network as well as Genetic algorithm. Optimization goals and design variables (process parameters during PIM) are specified by the requirement of manufacture. A BP artificial neural network model is developed to obtain the mathematical relationship between the optimization goals and process parameters. Genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the process parameters that would result in optimal solution of the optimization goals. A case study of a plastic article is presented. Warpage as well as clamp force during PIM are investigated as the optimization objectives. Mold temperature, melt temperature, packing pressure, packing time and cooling time are considered to be the design variables. The case study demonstrates that the proposed optimization method can adjust the process parameters accurately and effectively to satisfy the demand of real manufacture.     

变模温与型腔气体反压辅助微孔发泡注塑技术及其产品内外泡孔结构演变

建立了一种变模温和型腔气体反压协同控制的微孔发泡注塑技术,研制了相应的变模温控制系统与型腔气体反压控制系统,构建了变模温与型腔气体反压辅助微孔发泡注塑试验线,并对变模温与型腔气体反压作用下的产品内外泡孔结构演变进行了研究。结果表明,变模温与型腔气体反压辅助工艺单独施加于微孔发泡注塑技术时,对其产品内外泡孔结构均具有双重影响:变模温可以改善产品大部分的表面形貌,但其对填充过程中的熔体发泡影响不大;型腔气体反压可以基本抑制填充过程中的熔体发泡,但却对产品内部泡孔密度有比较明显的降低影响。通过变模温与型腔气体反压的协同控制,可以实现微孔发泡注塑产品表面气泡形貌和内部泡孔结构的良好调控。     

Visualization of counter pressure mechanism in gas-assisted injection molding process

Abstract

Gas-assisted injection molding (GAIM) refers to injecting gas into the short shot melt during the filling stage. Compressed gas is used as the medium to push the melt and to provide the packing pressure. In GAIM, the hollow area and penetration length are the main factors that will affect the quality of molded parts. This study has applied a Gas Counter Pressure (GCP) mechanism and has discussed the effect of GCP in the GAIM process with in-mold visualization of this complex molding flow. This study introduces a counter pressure mechanism in a thick paper-clip-shaped cavity design. The flow field under different counter pressure conditions is observed by high-speed photography, the fiber orientations are analyzed with SEM, and the affected penetration length and hollow area are measured relatively. The experimental results show that when the GCP is applied to GAIM, although the hollow area is reduced, the penetration length will be increased, so as to make the quality of molded part more uniform and reduce the shrinkage. And a quantitative measuring method of two-stage penetration time span is proposed to get more in-depth discussion about the interactions between GCP and GAIM.     

粉末注射成形喂料充模层状二维流动的基本方程

将粉末注射成形喂料在薄壁模腔中的流动视为层状二维流动,以喂料流动的守恒方程组为基础,建立了描述粉末注射成形喂料充模流动的数学模型。推导了喂料熔体流导率的计算公式,得出压力场的控制方程是一非线性椭圆偏微分方程。使模型的计算成为可能,为进一步对粉末注射成形进行计算机模拟和数值分析奠定了数学基础。     

低频振动注射自增强HDPE实验研究

利用自行研制的低频振动注射实验装置,研究振动注射成型工艺对HDPE哑铃试样的力学性能的影响。与常规注射相比,低频振动注射能明显改善试样的拉伸强度,实现注射试样的自增强。在0 Hz~0.93 Hz之间增加振动频率能明显提高试样的强度,断裂伸长率下降;当大于0.93 Hz,频率增加对拉伸强度的改变不大,断裂伸长率有明显的回升。压力振幅的增加可以明显地改善注射试样的屈服强度,HDPE 6100M试样屈服强度由39.8 MPa增加到60.6 MPa,增加的百分数为52.3%,断裂伸长率同时有所下降。SEM显示振动注射有利于片晶顺着流动方向行式排列,并具有明显的串晶结构。     

Defect-free sintering of two material powder injection molded components Part I Experimental investigations

Two material powder injection molding (PIM) is a recently developed method to manufacture functionally graded components. This paper describes an experimental technique to determine the suitability of two materials to be combined via PIM. This is accomplished by comparing the individual shrinkage versus temperature behavior of the candidate systems. The concepts are validated by two material PIM, sintering, and subsequent microstructural observation. Two materials are compatible for two material powder injection molding provided they form a metallurgical bond and the sintering response of one material mimics the other. An extensive difference in sintering shrinkage, especially during the initial stage of sintering, results in defects such as cracks and delamination. Success of these concepts is elucidated by two material PIM of tool steel and boron doped austenitic stainless steel.     

聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料在低频振动场的性能

以聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料为研究对象,利用自行研制的低频振动注射实验装置,实现振动注射成型和常规注射成型。研究了振动参数对注塑试样的拉伸强度,冲击强度的影响,并对试样进行SEM,W AXD测试。结果表明,在特定的振动工艺条件下,拉伸强度和冲击强度都得到了提高,拉伸强度的最大增幅为17%,冲击强度的最大增幅达到177%。     

Forming characteristics during the high-pressure resin transfer molding process for CFRP

The high-pressure resin transfer molding (HP-RTM) process has potential applicability to the mass production of lightweight vehicles made of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic in the automotive industry. In recent years, the development of robust equipment, new processes, and fast cure matrix systems have significantly reduced the cycle time to less than 5 min. In this study, the cavity pressure of the HP-RTM process was monitored to analyze the molding characteristics. The mold was equipped with two cavity pressure sensors and three temperature sensors. The cavity pressure characteristics during the HP-RTM injection, pressurization, and curing processes were studied. Selected process parameters such as the mold cap size, maximum pressing force, and injection volume were analyzed. The results demonstrated correlations between the selected process parameters and final forming characteristics.     

Replication of metal microstructures by micro powder injection molding

In this paper, a study on the production of 316L stainless steel microstructures by μPIM (powder injection molding) is presented. Two types of mold inserts were used and the molding was conducted on a conventional injection molding machine. Based on the characteristics of the mold inserts and the feedstock, suitable processing parameters were selected. Some requirements for the production of the microstructures are discussed. For example, a relatively high mold temperature, high injection pressure and holding pressure were required. The study showed that 316L stainless steel microstructures of φ100 × 200 μm can be injection molded, but there were incomplete filling and demolding problem in the case of smaller microstructures of φ60 × 191 μm. The molded parts were successfully debound and sintered.