在罗兰D接收机中采用延迟相加法实现可靠的周期识别

本文提出了在罗兰Ｄ接收机中用延迟相加法实现可靠的周期识别．文中论述了该方法的基本工作原理，并进行了可靠性指标的分析和参数的估算．实测证明，采用此方法后，接收机的错误识别概率低于１／１０００，连续５００小时运行无跳周现象．     

强载波干扰条件下的罗兰-C相位编码识别研究

针对强载波干扰能够淹没罗兰-C信号,甚至严重影响罗兰-C接收机的信号处理的情况,分析了罗兰-C载波信号初相位的apFFT识别原理,对强载波干扰条件下利用全相位谱分析(apFFT)的罗兰-C信号相位编码软件识别方法进行了研究.基于apFFT谱分析方法用MATLAB对罗兰-C接收信号在强载波干扰等情况下的初相位识别进行了仿真.结果表明,apFFT谱分析方法既能识别出罗兰-C载波信号的初相位,又能分析出干扰频率及其强度,尤其信干比(SIR)在-40dB情况下仍可准确地识别出相位编码.     

基于声传感阵列的地面标记信号增强方法

漏磁式管道内检测器广泛应用于长距离输油管道缺陷检测中,声学地面标记器作为管道外定位装置的重要组成部分,具有重要的研究价值．然而当管道埋地深度超过4m时,由声学地面标记器采集到的管道内检测器与管道的摩擦声信号被噪声淹没,不能提取定位信息．为了解决摩擦声信号信噪比低的问题,提出采用声传感器阵列技术对摩擦声信号进行增强．根据管道内检测器与管壁摩擦声的特征,研究合适的时延估计方法,精确得到几路传感器的时延,再利用延迟－相加波束形成的方法抑制噪声,提高摩擦声的信噪比,增加基于摩擦声的地面标记方法的检测深度．为了验证声传感器阵列对管道内检测器摩擦声信号的增强效果,在河北廊坊中石化管道局的2．5 km长管道上进行多次现场实验,实验结果表明延迟－相加波束形成算法能够将摩擦声的信噪比提高了20 dB,并且有效的埋地管道检测深度可增至8 m．     

GPS接收机伪码捕获自适应判决门限估计算法(英文)

GPS接收机输入信号的功率随时间而变化,如果采用固定门限判决是否完成捕获会出现检测概率降低或虚警概率提高的问题.鉴于此,提出了采用自适应捕获门限判决策略完成信号捕获.采用最大似然估计原理,根据判决统计量的样本值得到了噪声方差的最大似然估计,进而求得恒虚警率下的自适应捕获门限.同时,信号的平均捕获时间是GPS接收机性能的重要指标之一,研究了载波频率与伪码相位均为不确定值时的平均捕获时间的计算方法,推导了平均捕获时间与信噪比及门限值之间的约束关系.分析结果表明,自适应门限捕获方法能减小平均捕获时间,实现信号的快速捕获.     

基于高阶累积量的高精度时延估计算法

针对海洋探测中由于接收信号信噪比低并存在各种噪声干扰导致时延估计精度低的问题,提出一种基于二次相关和高阶累积量的具有多种噪声抑制能力的高精度时延估计新方法——SC-HOCS法。该方法首先对两路接收信号进行自相关和互相关处理,抑制部分高斯噪声,然后利用高阶累积量一维切片法对信号进行处理,抑制相关高斯噪声和非高斯色噪声,通过对接收信号的上述处理提高信噪比,最后结合希尔伯特变换对相关峰进行锐化处理,进一步提高时延估计精度。与广义相关法、二次相关法及高阶累积量一维切片法相比,该方法能很好地抑制相关噪声并且能在更低的信噪比下获得较好的时延估计精度,同时该算法计算量较小,可满足对数据实时处理的需求。计算机仿真和水池实验验证了该方法的有效性。该方法为海洋探测中低信噪比信号的高精度时延估计提供一种新的技术途径。     

中短波段地波场强计算与分析

海上无线电导航系统一般工作在中短波段,利用地波进行导航定位。地波信号场强的计算是整个系统设计的理论基础,它决定系统的工作范围、接收机设计的灵敏度和动态范围。针对地波衰减函数计算复杂的问题,本文给出了试探逼近、精确计算以及对精确计算的改进等三种方法。并对精确计算的改进这个方法进行了不同频率下的仿真,结果表明该方法能够满足计算误差要求。通过仿真比较,验证了该算法可以用于工程上的快速计算。     

水声脉冲信号检测的新方法

水声脉冲信号是由一个运动平台上的发射器发射的。信号的调制方式、载频、幅度、脉宽以及周期均为未知。该文介绍了一种水声脉冲信号检测的新方法。水声脉冲信号接收机输出的短时谱重心是不断起伏的。起伏在高信噪比时会变得很小,而在低信噪比(或无信号)时会变得很大。由于,起伏的绝对偏差移动平均可用来度量起伏的大小,因此,它可以被用来检测水声脉冲信号。还介绍了新检测方法的原理、算法以及仿真结果。在海洋噪声、运动载体的辐射噪声以及小的多途干扰背景中,该方法能可靠地检测水声脉冲信号,并能同时对信号的一些参数作出估计。     

改进的最小均方误差语音增强算法的研究

针对传统最小均方误差谱幅度估计（MMSE—STSA．minimum mean-square error-short time spectral amplitude）语音增强算法无法有效的跟踪非平稳噪声变化的问题,对一种改进的MMSE-STSA语音增强算法进行了研究和仿真。该算法对背景噪声的估计利用加权噪声估计方法：采用一个非线性函数根据带噪语音信噪比（SNR．signal—to-noise ratio）的变化计算得到相应的加权因子并作用于带噪语音信号,对加权的带噪语音求平均得到估计的背景噪声。算法中的谱增益修正,还可以抑制低信噪比时的残留噪声以及避免对带噪语音的过抵消。实验结果表明,该方法能很好的跟踪非平稳噪声的变化,不仅在增强性能上有很好的效果,同时降低了语音的失真。     

ConceFT在滚动轴承瞬时转频估计中的应用

针对基于时频分析的瞬时转频估计问题及现有方法在抗噪性和估计精度方面的不足,引入一种新兴的强抗噪性的时频分析方法——时频聚集(Concentration of Frequency and Time,ConceFT),提出ConceFT联合峰值搜索的瞬时转频估计方法。仿真试验中,测试了不同信噪比下的线调频信号和正弦调频信号的瞬时转频估计,结果表明该方法能够有效抑制强噪声干扰,准确估计瞬时转频,在信噪比大于-20 dB时能保证估计误差在3%以内;该方法分别用于转速上升和转速复杂波动的滚动轴承振动信号分析,均能以高精度提取出瞬时转频曲线。与经典的短时傅里叶联合峰值搜索方法对比,在抗噪性及估计精度上均有显著提高。     

一种检测低信噪比响应信号的广义维纳滤波方法

根据所测动态响应信号拟合系统模型时,一个重要的问题是:在低信噪比的情况下如何提高系统参数的估计精度。采用线性平均方法能适当提高信噪比,但在一般试验条件下,据此所获得的部分系统参数仍具有较大的误差。本文采用了时域广义维纳滤波方法对测取的动态信号进行预处理,以尽可能少的激励次数,从较高的背底噪声中检测出真实信号。文中还说明了适用于工程系统测试中噪声功率估计的滤波器分组方法。以悬臂梁的模态测试及分析为例,检验了该方法的有效性。试验表明,作振型分析时,因测点信号信噪比低而导致数据误差大的问题得以解决,这对实验模态分析是具有重要意义的。所完成的计算机-FFT 谱分析器信号预处理程序有很大的实用价值。     

Multiplexing technique for direction of departure and direction of arrival estimation

A novel multiplexing technique for angular estimation that avoids the use of switches and multiple RF chains is presented. The principle of operation is as simple as connecting cables of different electrical lengths to the antennas. The advantages are simplicity and fast measurements, which enables the study of time-variant channels. If the duration of the excitation signal is less than a certain limit (which depends on the delays introduced by cables and on the delay spread of the propagation channel), the technique performs a timedomain multiplexing. However, the technique is especially interesting in the case that the excitation signal duration exceeds this limit. In that case, it requires the frequency of the signal to increase or to decrease linearly in time, regardless if the variation is discrete or continuous in time. The post-processing of the receiver output used to separate the signals corresponding to each antenna is detailed in this study. Once separated, the signals can be processed with a high-resolution algorithm to estimate the direction of departure and the direction of arrival. To validate the capability of this method, simulation results and measurements in an anechoic chamber are presented.     

同步信标在水下机动小目标轨迹测量中的高精度时延估计方法

研究了使用窄脉宽、短周期、高频率的单频同步信标信号在水下机动小目标轨迹测量中的高精度时延估计方法。利用MATLAB进行了不同信噪比下时延估计效果的仿真,得出时延估计精度在不同信噪比下的误差曲线;结果表明,信噪比在20dB以上时,利用包络检波器进行时延估计,其精度优于10μs;而利用自适应相位估计来补偿粗测时延,可以得到优于0.1μs的测时精度。     

Receive maximal-ratio combining with outdated arbitrary transmit antenna selection in Nakagami-m fading

The use of transmit antenna selection algorithms in multiple-antenna systems enables significant reduction in implementation cost and complexity while maintaining acceptable performance. An attractive and quite flexible selection algorithm is to allow the receiver to pick any of the transmit antennas that can satisfy a predetermined performance target. Such an algorithm is referred to as the arbitrarily ordered transmit antenna selection algorithm. However, the effectiveness of transmit antenna selection is decreased by several propagation impairments over the feedback channel from the receiver to the transmitter. Of these impairments, the feedback channel time delay may impose a significant impact on the achieved performance. This paper aims to investigate the impact of this time delay on the performance of receive maximal-ratio combining (MRC) diversity employing the arbitrarily ordered transmit antenna selection algorithm. In order to obtain quantitative measures for this impact, new expressions for various performance criteria are obtained by using the new derived formulas for the probability density function (pdf) and the moment generating function (MGF) of the combined signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Numerical and simulation results are presented to illustrate the effect of delayed (i.e. outdated) feedback information on the system performance for various transmit antenna selection scenarios.     

一种同步输出的稀疏树前导零检测电路

为了降低前导零检测电路的延时和提高端口输出的同步性,提出了一种稀疏树前导零检测结构及动态电路的实现方法。通过递归前导零算法表达式定义了两种新的布尔运算逻辑,以构成稀疏树中的结点。精确控制动态电路中预充时钟的偏移量,在抑制电路漏电的同时控制输出端口延时差。该结构能够以最少的逻辑级数和均衡的运算单元负载实现检测前导零功能,对于不同数量的待测信号,通过扩展"点操作"和"块操作"单元互连网络来生成新电路。采用伪随机激励向量验证了电路功能的正确性,大幅缩短了验证时间,在SMIC 40nm工艺下仿真显示,各端口输出延时差小于1ps,数据路径长度可降低20%。     

基于三次相关改进的广义互相关时延估计法在局部放电超声波定位中的研究

在现有的开关柜等电气设备局部放电超声波定位技术中,到达时间差定位法(Time Difference of Arrival,TDOA)在定位精度与技术实现等方面有着一定的优势,得到了广泛的使用,是目前常用的方法,其中的时延估计算法对整个系统起着关键作用。文章首先对目前现有的基本相关、广义相关、二次相关等时延估计算法进行了分析。其次,在二次相关基础上再进行一次相关,并设计了新型的加权函数,将三次相关与广义互相关结合在一起,成为一种新的方法,即广义三次相关时延估计法。最后,搭建了相应的开关柜实验平台并对以上方法进行了实验及对比,分析了各算法的性能。结果表明,广义三次相关时延估计法在相对强噪声环境中较其他算法抗噪性能更强,具有更好的优越性。     

基于AR模型的声发射信号到达时间自动识别

声发射信号到达时间的信息,对于声发射事件的定位、识别以及声发射源机理分析都是非常重要的。实际应用中,常用人工读取或通过设定幅值阈值来获取信号的到达时间。针对以上常用方法的缺点,本文结合噪声信号的AR模型和声发射信号的AR模型,应用Akaike信息准则,实现了对声发射信号到达时间的自动识别。对实验数据的识别结果显示,该方法对信号的幅频特性变化比较敏感。在相同信噪比的情况下,该方法识别的偏差要小于阈值法。当信噪比较低时,阈值法可能会给出错误的结果,而该方法仍然能够给出较准确的结果。     

Adaptive ultrasonic measurement of blood vessel diameter and wall thickness: theory and experimental results

An adaptive ultrasonic technique for measuring blood vessel diameter and wall thickness is presented. This technique allows one to use a target-specific transmitted waveform/receiver filter to obtain a larger signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the received signal than conventional techniques. Generally, SNR of a received wave increases as the intensity of the transmit wave increases; however, because of the FDA limitations placed on the amount of transmit energy, it is important to be able to make the most efficient use of the energy that is available to obtain the best possible SNR in the received signal. Adaptive ultrasonic measurement makes the most efficient use of the energy that is available by placing the maximum amount of energy in the largest target scattering mode. This results in more energy backscatter from a given target, which leads to a higher SNR in the received waveform. Computer simulations of adaptive ultrasonic measurement of blood vessel diameter show that for a SNR of 0 dB in the transmitted waveform, the standard deviation of the diameter measurements for a custom-designed transmitted waveform is about two orders of magnitude less than the standard deviation of the diameter measurements using more conventional waveforms. Diameter and wall thickness measurement experiments were performed on a latex tube and a bovine blood vessel using both custom-made and conventionally used transmitted waveforms. Results show that the adaptively designed waveform gives a smaller uncertainty in the measurements. The adaptive ultrasonic blood vessel diameter and wall thickness measuring technique has potential applications in examining vessels which are either too deep inside the body or too small for conventional techniques to be used, because of the low SNR in the received signal.     

Identifying surface acoustic wave ID-tags using the total least squares-estimating signal parameters via the rotational invariance technique algorithm

Tags based on surface acoustic wave techniques have a great amount of potential for application in radio frequency identification because of their characteristics of wireless sensing and completely passive operation. Since time domain sampling requires high-speed radio frequency switches in the transmitter and fast data acquisition in the receiver, frequency domain sampling (FDS) is used for measurement and frequency-stepped continuous wave is adopted as the interrogation signal. FDS requires, however, the traditional inverse fast Fourier transform method which has a resolution restriction and decreases the identification probability. To identify the tag reliably with higher probability, a high-resolution algorithm is required. In actual measurement, the echo signal attenuates greatly as the distance between the transceiver and the tag increases. Furthermore, the perturbations in the environment also dampen the echo signal. To increase the identification range and allow the system work in harsher environments, it is necessary to enhance the identification capability at low signal noise ratio (SNR). The application of total least squares-estimating signal parameters via the rotational invariance technique is presented. The experimental results show that an excellent identification capability at low SNR is achieved.