捷联导引头目标视线角速率重构方法研究

捷联导引头测量信息中耦合有弹体姿态信息不能直接被比例导引所用.实现了从捷联导引头和弹体角速率信息中重构出目标视线角速率,并运用四阶龙格库塔法建立离散模型,避免迭代发散.捷联导引头大的瞬时视场带来大的背景噪声,任何用于重构系统的测量信息噪声都会反映到重构出的目标视线角速率中去.针对系统模型参数噪声与状态噪声并存的问题,从模型中分离开参数和状态,设计了Joint UKF和Dual UKF提取目标视线信息,简化了系统噪声模型,降低滤波器对噪声标定不准确的敏感性.通过弹目拦截仿真验证了目标视线角速率重构方法的正确性,验证了采用离散方法的合理性,验证了设计的滤波器能有效提取目标视线角速率.     

基于磁阻传感器的旋转弹姿态测量算法研究

在旋转弹高速自旋的情况下,传统角速率陀螺测量滚转角时无法克服角速率量程和测量精度的矛盾,不能准确测量旋转弹弹体姿态。针对这一问题,在保证旋转弹的制导方式高度自主的前提下引入地磁信息,设计了一种高精度、适用于大动态范围的旋转弹姿态测量算法。着重针对滚转角的测量提出了一种新的解算思想,将滚转角以旋转弹横截面内的地磁矢量为界进行分解,并给出了结合地磁测量信息的偏航角、俯仰角计算公式。仿真结果表明:利用测量旋转弹姿态的算法是可行的,且精度高,值得推广。     

高旋弹用惯性测量系统多量程传感器组合设计

由于高旋武器弹药在初始时刻具有高转速和高加速度的特点,使半捷联MEMS惯性测量系统的减旋系统超调大,致使MEMS惯性传感器测得瞬时数据大,超出量程,影响数据分析与解算,提出一种适用于高旋弹用的多量程传感器组合设计,采用多量程的惯性传感器和MIMU组合将弹体各个飞行阶段的数据进行测量;用A/D转换器将其输出的模拟量转换为数字量,通过FPGA模拟通信口接收数据并存储在FLSAH中,实现对半捷联惯性测量系统的实时记录.通过高速飞行仿真转台试验验证:该设计能实时准确采集并存储弹体信息,对常规弹药的制导化具有很大的应用价值.     

多线阵光电立靶弹丸攻角测量

基于立靶坐标交汇测量原理,介绍了传统单线阵CCD立靶系统,并对单线阵CCD立靶系统中弹丸攻角测量方法进行了分析,指出了其中存在的扫描帧频不足和弹头、弹尾着靶点距离误差的问题.在此基础上,提出了一种新的多阵列光电立靶测量系统的布设方法,利用6个交汇列图像在空间交汇组成光幕阵列,根据飞行弹丸穿越不同光幕阵列的时刻和多光幕立靶系统结构参数,提出了一种新的计算弹丸攻角的方法.利用多线阵光电立靶测量系统巧妙地避免了弹头、弹尾着靶点距离误差对测量结果的影响,保证了测量精度,降低了系统成本.     

飞行目标落地姿态视觉测量方法研究

飞行目标落地姿态是评定飞行目标系统性能的重要技术指标.为了测量飞行目标落地姿态,采用放置在落弹点区域附近的凝视等待式双目视觉摄像机,高速摄影交汇测量飞行目标的落地姿态.根据目标在摄像机像面成像特点,将目标进行分类,并采用了不同的姿态测量方案.模拟实验与理论分析表明:该姿态测量方法正确、可靠,大目标和过渡目标姿态角测量误差小于1°,为飞行目标的姿态测量提供了一条新的便捷可靠的途径.     

基于压力传感器的迎角测量方法的研究

迎角是飞行器飞行的重要参数和弹箭飞行稳定性的主要技术指标。传统的迎角测量方法只适应于飞行器的迎角测量,而无法对高速旋转运动的弹箭进行测量。针对作高速旋转的飞行器,在以往迎角测量方法的基础上,提出了一种新的基于四象限压力传感器阵列的迎角测量方法。通过计算机仿真,验证了本方法的正确性,为旋转飞行器的迎角测量研究提供了一定的依据。     

一种基于电磁感应原理的角位移参数测量方法

针对目前常规弹药弹体研究领域角位移参数大动态和高精度的测量需求,提出了一种基于电磁感应原理的角位移参数测量方法,并设计了相应的角位移传感器.采用感应线圈获取弹体大转速动态范围内切割地磁场的信息,通过边沿检测和脉冲计数相结合的自适应闭环频率跟踪测量算法测量弹体旋转过程中的实时角位移参数信息,并采用周期清零的方式,消除累积误差.半实物和实物仿真试验结果表明:该角位移传感器不仅能够测量大动态范围内的角位移,拓宽测量范围从600°/s~36000°/s,而且完全消除了测量过程中的累积误差.测量误差小于0.220%,累加误差最大只有0.2°/s,实现了对弹药弹体角位移参数的实时、高精度测量,在姿态测量和地磁导航等应用领域具有一定的工程应用价值.     

BRDF模型观测角测量模块的研制

BRDF(双向反射分布函数)模型是多角度遥感定量解译的理论基础,观测角是模型中的重要参数,其中包括观测天顶角和观测方向角.传统的测量观测角的方法是采用机械圆盘以及在地表画圆,但这种测量方法设备笨重、精度低、效率低,不适合水域的测量.提出了一种新的电子测量方法,利用加速度计测量重力加速度的三维分量,利用磁阻传感器测量地磁场的三维分量,通过坐标投影原理得到BRDF模型中的观测角.这种测量方法设备便携、成本低、效率高.观测天顶角的测量范围为-90°～90°,观测方位角的测量范围为0°～ 360°,在测量范围内的测量精度为±1°,满足BRDF观测角的测量要求.     

一种发电机功角实时测量装置的实现

为实现发电机功角的准确测量,基于发电机绝对内电势角的测量方法,设计了一种实时发电机功角测量装置.该装置采用DSP+CPLD结构,通过对采集的发电机机端的电压、电流和键相脉冲等信号进行处理得到功角和转速.实际测试表明,该装置可以实现发电机功角的实时测量,额定频率下测量误差小于0.7°,并具有较好的同步效果,满足电力系统实时监控的要求.     

高旋弹卫星导航接收机半实物仿真

半实物仿真是测试卫星导航接收机在高旋外弹道环境条件下工作性能的有效手段。为测试卫星导航接收机在高旋外弹道环境条件下的性能,阐述了二维弹道修正引信实现弹道修正的工作原理和北斗卫星导航接收机的基本工作原理;建立了高旋7自由度弹道模型;设计了半实物仿真系统,编写了仿真模型,并在RT-LAB实时仿真平台上运行;分别在非旋转条件和旋转条件下对卫星导航接收机进行了半实物仿真测试,仿真测试结果显示仿真机数据与弹上机转换后数据曲线重合。实验表明：半实物仿真系统可有效检验高旋炮弹卫星导航接收机功能和准确度。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。