既有建筑节能改造的问题及解决措施

对既有建筑节能改造进行了概述,介绍了建筑节能的方式,探讨了既有建筑节能改造过程中存在的问题,指出通过健全既有建筑节能改造的标准以及推行EMC节能项目投资模式等措施,能够推动我国既有建筑节能改造工作快速、稳定的发展。     

既有建筑节能改造项目投资管理实践与理论研究综述

从投资环境和投资运行两个层面总结了国外既有建筑节能改造投资管理实践特点;从经济激励、方案比选、投资价值、运行管理4个视角概述了国外既有建筑节能改造投资管理相关理论研究。剖析了我国既有建筑节能改造投资管理实践现状及特点,梳理了我国既有建筑节能改造投融资机制、激励政策、技术经济分析和效益评价等4个方面的理论研究动态。根据既有建筑节能改造市场与项目特质,提出既有建筑节能改造项目投资管理基于利益相关者风险分担的研究方向。     

既有建筑被动节能改造技术分析

以济南市某公共建筑为对象,以<公共建筑节能设计标准>为依据,并借鉴瑞典在进行既有建筑节能改造的成功技术和经验,对济南某建筑进行了被动节能改造设计.针对不同的节能技术改造方案所带来的节能效益进行了对比,给出了采用不同被动节能技术对既有建筑改造的初投资及其回收期的经济分析,对推动既有建筑节能改造具有借鉴作用.     

浅析建筑节能的投资与回报

本文介绍了建筑节能的概念、内容和要求;建筑节能的基本目标;我国建筑节能的发展和所处在的阶段.并以辽宁省建筑节能工作为例,通过对EPS外墙外保温节能投资的分析和对既有建筑节能改造(保温、饰面)的投资分析,浅析了建筑节能的投资与回报;阐述并论证了建筑节能所带来的巨大的经济效益和社会效益.     

华北地区采暖居住建筑全年能耗分析

采用DOE-2动态冷热负荷模拟计算软件对华北地区既有建筑节能改造前后的全年建筑能耗进行了分析,提出了华北地区既有建筑节能改造节能效益分析的新观点,即华北地区既有建筑节能改造要分析冬夏两季的全年综合节能效益,同时应计入热源和电力建设初投资费用的节省,这对推动我国华北地区既有建筑的节能改造具有积极意义。     

国家、企业、居民共得实惠——天津市既有建筑三步节能改造试点成功

既有建筑节能改造是实现建筑节能的重要内容之一,也是建筑节能工作的必由之路。天津市建委对此极为重视,采取有效途径,实施既有建筑65%三步节能改造工程试点,取得了良好的效果。具体做法有以下几方面:投资方式研究既有建筑节能改造是当前比较复杂的工作,特别是居住节能建筑改造     

既有建筑围护结构节能改造技术研究

既有建筑节能改造是建筑节能工作的重要任务.以山东省某办公大楼节能改造试点经验为基础,对国内现有的既有建筑围护结构节能改造技术进行了分析研究、总结,其结果可供既有建筑节能改造借鉴.     

技术节能·管理节能·行为节能——唯绿建筑节能全程一站式服务

北京唯绿建筑节能科技有限公司(简称唯绿)是一家集方案设计、项目实施、技术服务、投资运营为一体的建筑节能及新能源整体解决方案供应商,主要业务范围:合同能源管理、既有建筑节能审计及节能诊断、既有建筑节能改造、绿色地产全过程服务(见图1)、绿色建筑认证咨询服务、园区能源规划、可再生能源利用、能源投资等.     

乌鲁木齐将投资150亿元完成建筑节能工程

日前，从新疆乌鲁木齐市建筑节能墙材料改革办公室获悉：乌市计划投资150亿，用15年的时间，改造完成7000平方米的既有建筑节能工程。到2008年，乌市新建民用建筑和公用建筑必须执行50％的节能标准。     

我国既有建筑节能改造资金投入模式现状研究

从我国既有建筑节能改造过程的工程实例分析其资金投入模式,并对其进行国内外对比分析和投资主体的博弈分析,指出我国既有建筑节能改造进展缓慢的原因。根据我国既有建筑节能改造资金投入的现状,提出"多层次试点合同能源管理"等建议,以有效解决既有建筑节能改造中存在的资金瓶颈问题。     

Risk analysis of energy efficiency investments in buildings using the Monte Carlo method

Demonstrating the economic rationality of investments in energy efficiency is a necessary step in reducing the energy consumption of buildings. Generally, financial instruments are evaluated according to both the return on investment and the risk. However, many previous studies of energy efficiency investments in buildings are based on deterministic scenarios and do not evaluate the risk levels of these investments. Therefore, in this study, we clarify the risk involved in an energy-saving investment by calculating the probability distribution of the energy reduction and evaluating the result using financial engineering methods. We first develop a stochastic model of various conditions that affect the energy consumption of a building. These conditions include weather processes, office worker behavior, tenant characteristics, and tenant replacements. Next, we construct a prediction model of a building's energy consumption, and we use our stochastic model to create the boundary conditions of this prediction model. By repeatedly performing energy consumption predictions using the Monte Carlo method, we can obtain the probability distribution for building energy consumption. Finally, given this probability distribution, we evaluate energy efficiency investments using financial engineering methods. Based on the discounted cash flow distribution, we calculate the risk premium of each energy efficiency investment, and, based on the variance and covariance matrix of the internal rate of return of each energy efficiency investment, we find the optimal investment ratio.     

Retrofit cost-effectiveness: Estonian apartment buildings

The economic viability and investment cost of the energy retrofit of apartment buildings are analysed through different energy efficiency levels. To analyse retrofit policy cost-optimal energy efficiency levels and investment costs, a baseline of measured actual energy usage of apartment buildings was created and then individual energy-saving measures and retrofit packages were composed. The cost-optimal level over a 20-year period for apartment building retrofit was a low-energy-building energy performance level, with an investment cost of €150–170/m². Retrofit to low energy building level would be economically viable but the investment capability of apartment owner associations is found to be insufficient for the necessary investments to achieve low-energy-building energy performance. Therefore, it is necessary to determine what levels of financial support can encourage retrofit to occur. The analysis of the current retrofit shows that subsides will increase investment by apartment owner associations into energy efficiency improvements. The target group for energy efficiency retrofit subsidies should be apartment buildings that reach low energy building performance level or at least match the energy performance requirement for new buildings.     

节能建筑定额编制的意义和内容探讨

建筑节能是我国目前建筑行业的一项重点工作,是建筑行业可持续发展的基础.建筑节能在设计方面已经有了一些标准,为推进建筑节能工作,有必要编制独立成册的"节能建筑定额",既有利于建筑节能的实施,也可以为节能建筑提供计价依据和评价指标,在政策上引导,推动建筑节能工作的开展.     

寒冷地区高校既有建筑节能技术体系研究

当前,降低建筑能耗的投资约为降低工业能耗投资的5倍,因此建筑节能的能效水平及技术的经济性就尤为重要。基于我国为数众多的各类高校已成为国内重要的能源消耗大户,以寒冷地区高校既有建筑为研究对象,阐述通过能耗调查和测试数据,进行建筑能耗模拟分析,可找到既有建筑能耗的关键问题,并确立节能改造原则,制定相应的节能技术体系,此为解决高校既有建筑节能问题的关键。对技术的应用则应针对不同的既有建筑能耗特点和改造资金投入状况,进行灵活的技术组合和应用,构成不同层次的节能技术群,使得改造得以真正地实施。     

欠发达的中小城市多层住宅更节能

通过对住宅的成本构成进行分析,以多层和高层两种不同建筑结构类型住宅在建造成本、使用功能、投资效果、物业管理、居住安全5个方面进行分析对比,总结出在中小城市建造设计多层比高层更具有科学化、人性化、经济化的优点,体现了节能方面的重要性.高层建筑在建造和使用时的能耗都很高,提示我们在设计上应重视建筑结构类型,多层住宅建筑是在欠发达的中小城市的理想节能住宅类型.     

基于博弈分析的新建建筑节能激励机制设计

本文运用博弈理论对新建建筑节能的激励机制设计进行了深入研究.新建建筑节能是建筑节能的重要环节,尤其对于我国目前每年新建建筑数量庞大的现状,推进新建建筑节能工作显得尤为重要.如何设计激励政策,从而引导市场主体的投资行为,确保新建建筑达到或超过节能设计标准,是政策设计的难点.本文根据激励机制设计理论的基本观点,对新建建筑节能的激励政策目标、激励对象和激励力度等进行了定性分析,并建立了政府与开发商群体的进化博弈模型,得出政府应以资源环境和社会利益为重,锁定有远见的激励政策的结论,这一结论对促进新建建筑节能和实现建筑节能总体目标具有重要意义.     

基于全寿命周期费用的节能住宅投资决策研究

开发节能住宅是我国建设资源节约型社会的重要保障。通过对节能住宅全寿命周期费用含义的理论分析,建立了节能住宅全寿命周期费用估算模型,并以兰州鸿运润园节能住宅为例进行实证研究。     

南京地区节能建筑中墙体和屋面材料的性能研究

南京市要实现"十一五"节能目标,建设资源节约型城市,推广节能建筑势在必行.通过对南京地区气候特点的分析,提出南京地区节能的总体要求.对南京地区节能建筑墙体的节能技术.材料性能要求和屋面性能要求进行了分析,并对南京地区节能建筑的墙体及屋面的选用提出了建议.     

浅析建筑节能的现状与未来发展

明确了建筑节能的概念,阐述了建筑节能的意义.从节能标准的制定、国内外围护结构传热系数的比较及既有建筑改造等方面对建筑节能做了综述.从能源、建筑耗能及节能政策3个方面对我国建筑节能的发展进行了总结,并对我国建筑节能发展进行了展望.     

Mandating transparency about building energy performance in use

In 2002, the European Union Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) was ratified. This paper uses the lens of one policy measure triggered by the EPBD – Display Energy Certificates (DECs) for non-domestic buildings – to describe the difficulties experienced in capitalizing on a policy intention to use transparency about actual energy performance to drive better energy management and focus energy efficiency investment on things that really work in practice. It reviews the history and precedents of UK Building Regulations and European building energy efficiency policies to identify what helped and hindered progress towards buildings that use less energy in operation; and compares and contrasts building energy certificates based on asset and operational ratings. It also looks at the development paths of operational rating schemes in the US and Australia. It identifies a tendency of regulators to focus on one part of the problem, the so-called ‘regulated loads'; an unhelpful split of government ownership of the topic between various ministries and agencies; a neglect of follow-through, enforcement and feedback; and a political rhetoric that favours an abdication of central government responsibilities to market forces. Based on this evidence, it identifies a number of lessons for improvements to future policy outcomes.