超高相对分子质量聚乙烯／纳米蒙脱土复合材料的制备与表征

采用甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)对微米尺度的蒙脱土(MMT)进行离子交换，所得有机蒙脱土(DMCMMT)及少量引发剂与超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(PE-UHMW)，在双螺杆挤出机上进行反应挤出，得到了具有一定流动性能的PE-UHMW／有机纳米蒙脱土复合材料。利用XRD、DSC、SEM及TEM等方法进行了复合材料结构表征。     

三元尼龙/蒙脱土纳米复合材料制备及表征

将自制有机蒙脱土与三元尼龙通过双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出插层复合，制得了剥落型纳米复合材料。通过透射电子显微镜、差示扫描量热分析等手段对复合材料的亚微观结构、热性能和流动性能进行了测试。结果表明，蒙脱土晶层均匀地分散于基体中，平均厚度约10nm；三元尼龙/蒙脱土纳米复合材料较三元尼龙的流动性能降低，熔点有所升高。蒙脱土的加入改善了基体的结晶性能，蒙脱土晶层起到成核剂的作用。     

PTT/MMT纳米复合材料的研究

采用熔融共混的方法制备了聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯/有机蒙脱土（PTT/MMT）纳米复合材料,通过DSC、热台偏光显微镜等研究了PTT/MMT纳米复合材料的结晶行为,测定了纳米复合材料的力学性能,并用熔体流变仪研究了PTT/MMT纳米复合材料熔体流变性能。结果表明：随着PTT/MMT纳米复合材料中蒙脱上含量的增加,PTT/MMT纳米复合材料的熔融结晶温度增高,纳米复合材料的力学性能有一定的提高;PTT-蒙脱土纳米复合材料熔体的流变性能随MMT含量的增加非牛顿性减弱,熔体的粘流活化能减小。     

阻隔性聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的开发

介绍了聚合物／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备方法和主要特性，重点综述了阻隔性聚合物／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的开发进展，包括聚酰胺(PA)／蒙脱土纳米复合材料、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)／蒙脱土纳米复合材料、聚苯乙烯(PS)／蒙脱土纳米复合材料、超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)／蒙脱土纳米复合材料。     

共聚尼龙/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备、结构与性能

用熔融挤出法制备了尼龙/蒙脱土纳米复合材料,并采用TEM、DSC等测试方法对所得纳米复合材料的微观结构和性能进行了研究。测试结果表明:蒙脱土在聚合物基体中分散均匀,片层厚度集中于10 nm左右,形成均匀的网状结构;并且复合材料拉伸性能有不同程度提高,流动性能降低了15.9%;蒙脱土的加入不影响聚合物的晶型,但对复合材料的结晶速率、结晶度影响较大。纳米蒙脱土片层在复合材料结晶过程中起到异质核的作用。     

HDPE／PC／相容剂／蒙脱土复合材料性能的研究

研究了HDPE／PC／增容剂／蒙脱土共混复合体系的力学性能和熔体的流变性能。结果表明，加入适量的增容剂和蒙脱土对HDPE／PC复合材料力学性能有一定的提高。在所研究的剪切应力、剪切速率、温度及组成范围内，该复合材料的lgη-lgγ曲线都偏离牛顿流体曲线，为非牛顿假塑性流体。经过有机化处理的蒙脱土复合材料体系比未经有机化处理的蒙脱土复合材料体系有更好的流动性和力学性能。     

UHMWPE/蒙脱土纳米复合材料滑动轴承的研制

采用蒙脱土(MMT)层间聚合改性和熔体插层方法制备了超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)／MMT纳米复合材料，并将复合材料注射成型为纯复合材料和复合型两类滑动轴承。研究了UHMWPE／MMT纳米复合材料的摩擦性能，结果表明，这是一种性能优异、成型简便的摩擦磨损材料。提出了该材料滑动轴承设计的基本要求，为实际应用提供了理论依据。     

纳米蒙脱土在SBR复合材料中的应用

利用熔体插层法制备了纳米蒙脱土（PS插层）/丁苯橡胶复合材料，对其进行了结构表征，讨论了复合材料的力学性能。研究结果表明，蒙脱土在基体材料中实现了纳米级分散；当填充5份纳米蒙脱土时，复合材料具有较好的力学性能。     

尼龙/蒙脱土纳米复合材料研究进展

介绍了尼龙／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备方法，并对国内外关于尼龙／蒙脱土纳米复合材料热性能、力学性能、流变性能、结晶性能以及插层动力学研究进展进行了综述。结果认为，尼龙／蒙脱土纳米复合材料是一种新型的复合材料，蒙脱土的加入，改进了尼龙的力学性能，提高了复合材料的热变形温度。     

纳米蒙脱土/丁苯橡胶复合材料结构及动态力学性能的研究

利用熔体插层法制备了纳米蒙脱土（PS插层）／丁苯橡胶复合材料，通过基本性能测试XRD测试、DMA测试和DSC测试对材料进行了结构的表征和纳米蒙脱土填充量不同时，复合材料的动态力学性能的变化，结果表明：蒙脱土在基体材料中实现了纳米级分散，并且当填充5份纳米蒙脱土时，复合材料具有较好的动态力学性能。     

环氧树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料制备及性能的研究进展

介绍蒙脱土(MMT)的性质及其有机化改性,详细阐述了环氧树脂(EP)/MMT纳米复合材料的制备方法及其性能,以及MMT在EP中的剥离机理,指出实现MMT在EP基体中完全剥离的方法仍是目前制备EP/MMT纳米复合材料的关键问题.     

UHMWPE/MMT纳米复合材料的研制

采用复配阳离子交换剂对蒙脱土（MMT）进行有机化处理,通过固相接枝技术对超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）进行表面改性,然后采用熔融插层法制备UHMWPE／MMT纳米复合材料。XRD和SEM分析表明,MMT在UHMWPE基体中达到了纳米级分散,同时,有机MMT能较大幅度改善UHMWPE的流动性能,少量有机MMT的加入就可使UHMWPE的力学性能有所提高,     

羧甲基纤维素/蒙脱土纳米复合材料对刚果红染料的吸附及解吸性能

用X 射线衍射、透射电镜和扫描电镜对羧甲基纤维素/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构进行表征。采用溶液插层复合法制备纳米复合材料,探讨不同羧甲基纤维素与蒙脱土质量比、反应时间和反应温度对纳米复合材料吸附刚果红染料吸附量的影响,并初步研究了纳米复合材料的解吸性能。亚微观观察表明：羧甲基纤维素通过破坏蒙脱土的晶体结构插层进入蒙脱土层间,形成插层-剥离型纳米复合材料;当羧甲基纤维素与蒙脱土质量比为1∶1,反应时间为6 h,反应温度为60℃时,纳米复合材料对刚果红染料的吸附量最大,可达50.42 mg·g-1;当解吸试剂氢氧化钠浓度为0.01 mol·L-1时,超声波解吸50 min的纳米复合材料脱附率可达80.17%。     

PUI/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及其性能研究

考察了聚氨酯-异氰脲酸酯(PUI)的基础配方,采用原位聚合方法制备了PUI/蒙脱土(MMT)纳米复合材料,并研究了纳米蒙脱土(Nano-MMT)用量对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:以n(NCO):n(OH)=10:1、DMP-30用量为2.5%的PUI配方为基础制备的PUI/MMT纳米复合材料的力学性能和热稳定性都得到显著提高,当Nano-MMT用量为3%时,复合材料的综合性能最优。     

Application of response surface methodology for modeling of reactive dye removal from solution using starch‐montmorillonite/polyaniline nanocomposite

In this study, starch‐montmorillonite/polyaniline (St‐MMT/PANI) nanocomposite was synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline in the presence of St‐MMT nanocomposite dispersion. The prepared ternary nanocomposite was characterized using FTIR, XRD, and SEM techniques. Adsorption properties of the nanocomposite were investigated for removal of reactive blue (RB 194) as a model reactive dye from aqueous solution. Response surface methodology was employed for the modeling of adsorption capacity of the nanocomposite. A second‐order empirical relationship between adsorption capacity and independent variables (initial dye concentration, amount of the nanocomposite, and pH of the solution) was obtained. Pareto analysis for identification of the factors effect on the system revealed that initial dye concentration was the most effective parameter. The adsorption capacity value of reactive dye on St‐MMT/PANI nanocomposite was 91.74 mg g^?1. Further investigations indicated that the adsorption experimental data were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:1595–1607, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

PE/MMT纳米复合材料的研究进展

介绍蒙脱土(MMT)及其纳米复合材料的结构、特点及聚乙烯(PE)/MMT纳米复合材料的制备原理和方法,并对PE/MMT纳米复合材料的国内外研究进展进行了综述,指出今后PE/MMT纳米复合材料的研究重点是先对PE进行改性,以增加PE与MMT片层的粘结力。     

聚甲基丙烯酸/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及性能

用甲基丙烯酸(methacrylic acid,MAA)在钠基蒙脱土(montmorillonite,MMT)层间直接原位插层聚合制备了聚甲基丙烯酸/蒙脱土(polymethacrylic acid/montmorillonite,PMAA/MMT)纳米复合材料.以蒙脱土的层间距、插层进入蒙脱土层间的聚合物含量及应用于皮革鞣制的实验结果为考察指标,对制备过程中的引发剂用量及蒙脱土用量进行了单因素实验研究.结果表明:所制备的PMAA/MMT纳米复合材料属于剥离型纳米复合材料,应用于皮革鞣制所得坯革的增厚率及湿热稳定性均有较大提高.     

Effect of polymer matrix/montmorillonite compatibility on morphology and melt rheology of polypropylene nanocomposites

In this study, Ca²⁺‐montmorillonite (Ca²⁺‐MMT) and organo‐montmorillonite (OMMT) were modified by three compatibilizers with different degrees of polarity [poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), alkyl‐PEG, and polypropylene (PP)‐g‐PEG]. PP/MMT nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending and characterized using X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed the degree of dispersion of OMMT in the PP/PP‐g‐PEG/OMMT (PMOM) nanocomposite was considerably higher than those in the PP/PEG/OMMT and PP/alkyl‐PEG/OMMT nanocomposites, which indicated that the dispersion was relative to the compatibility between modified OMMT and PP matrix. Linear viscoelasticity of PP/MMT nanocomposites in melt states was investigated by small amplitude dynamic rheology measurements. With the addition of the modified MMT, the shear viscosities and storage modulus of all the PP/MMT nanocomposites decreased. It can be attributed to the plasticization effect of PEG segments in the three modifiers. This rheological behavior was different from most surfactant modified MMT nanocomposites which typically showed an increase in dynamic modulus and viscosity relative to the polymer matrix. The unusual rheological observations were explained in terms of the compatibility between the polymer matrix and MMT. In addition, the mechanical properties of PP/MMT nanocomposites were improved. A simultaneous increase in the tensile strength and toughness was observed in PP/PMOM nanocomposites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Comparison of polylactide/nano-sized calcium carbonate and polylactide/montmorillonite composites: Reinforcing effects and toughening mechanisms

Semicrystalline polylactide (PLA) exhibits high tensile strength and modulus but very low strain-at-break and toughness. In this study, PLA nanocomposites with nano-sized precipitated calcium carbonate (NPCC) and organically modified montmorillonite (MMT) clay were prepared by melt extrusion. Morphologies, tensile mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical and rheological properties, polymer–nanoparticle interactions, and toughening mechanisms of the PLA/NPCC and PLA/MMT nanocomposites were compared. MMT and NPCC showed significantly different effects on the strength, modulus and elongation of the PLA nanocomposites. Different toughening mechanisms were first elucidated for the two types of nanocomposites based on the evidence from both macroscopic and microscopic observations. Under uniaxial tension, large quantities of microvoids were created in both PLA nanocomposites. The microvoids in PLA/NPCC caused massive crazing, while in PLA/MMT they resulted in shear yielding, particularly in the nanocomposite with 2.5 wt% MMT. The MMT stacks and platelets were found to be located between the microvoids in the extended specimens and prevented them from collapsing and coalescing.