一种Ka波段双槽波纹喇叭天线的设计

将轴槽和直槽相结合,设计了一种工作于Ka波段的新型双槽波纹喇叭天线,模变换段采用轴槽设计,辐射段采用直槽设计,通过仿真试验,获得了波纹喇叭天线轴槽和直槽的最佳数目,并在此基础上,优化了槽宽、槽深及光滑圆波导的长度,得到了辐射性能最佳的天线结构。将所设计的双槽波纹喇叭与传统的单槽波纹喇叭作为馈源,分别应用到卡塞格伦天线中进行了仿真试验。仿真结果表明,所设计的双槽波纹喇叭具有性能更优的辐射特性和驻波特性,作为馈源使用时,卡塞格伦天线在主极化方向上性能良好。     

基于CMA-ES优化方法的波纹喇叭优化技术

介绍了旋转体时域有限差分法(BOR-FDTD),导出了电磁场迭代计算公式。给出了自适应协方差矩阵进化策略(CMA-ES)的基本原理和步骤。提出了一种基于BOR-FDTD和CMA-ES的波纹喇叭优化设计技术,并将该项技术用于平方公里阵(Square Kilometre Array,SKA)望远镜天线Band 4(2.8~5.18 GHz)波纹喇叭馈源的优化设计。计算结果表明,该馈源在工作频带内反射损耗基本在-20 d B以下,天线口径效率均优于86.5%,且口径效率随频率的变化较小。     

大张角波纹喇叭的优化设计

针对平方公里阵(Square Kilometre Array,SKA)天线对高灵敏度的需求,利用基于旋转体时域有限差分法(BOR-FDTD)和自适应协方差矩阵进化策略(CMA-ES)的波纹喇叭优化设计技术,提出了以灵敏度为目标的大张角波纹喇叭优化设计方法。分别以天线口径效率和灵敏度为优化目标对工作于4.6~8.51 GHz的大张角波纹喇叭进行优化设计。计算结果表明,以灵敏度为优化目标所设计的波纹喇叭综合性能更优,其交叉极化和反射损耗均优于-20 d B,用于SKA天线的口径效率在85.1%以上,灵敏度优于7.68 m~2/K。     

基于螺纹槽结构的90°波纹喇叭性能研究

为了拓宽宽带通信天线波纹喇叭馈源的工作频带，设计了一款新型90°波纹喇叭，它的波纹槽以阿基米德螺线的轮廓向外扩展. 仿真和测试结果表明:该新型波纹喇叭最优工作带宽可达2∶1，在10~20 GHz的工作频带内，具有稳定的相位中心，其45°面最大交叉极化电平低于?25 dB；在宽频带内波束宽度保持相对恒定，且天线E面和H面辐射方向图的?10 dB波束宽度非常接近. 该新型波纹槽可以在宽频带内使得喇叭的辐射方向图更为对称，是改善波纹喇叭性能的新思路.     

一种X波段多极化椭圆波纹喇叭设计

针对当反射面天线大宽高比并要求多极化转换时，宜选择椭圆波纹喇叭作为馈源的需求，在详细研究径向槽波纹喇叭天线设计方法的基础上，采用波纹槽深渐变的方法，利用HFSS软件设计一种X频段椭圆率大于2的带正交模的椭圆波纹喇叭。实测结果表明，该喇叭具有驻波低、交叉极化抑制度高和良好的双极化波瓣等化性等优点，可满足多极化反射面天线对馈源的需求，具有较高的工程应用价值。     

一种“北斗”导航天线馈源的设计

现有的馈源设计方法设计出的馈源工作频段少,不能满足“北斗”导航天线馈源的要求。为此,在对模式展开法和模式匹配法理论研究分析基础上,提出了优化双槽深波纹喇叭槽参数的设计思路。分析和试验结果表明,该“北斗”导航天线馈源增加了工作频段,具有良好的电气性能,满足了“北斗”天线系统的需求,验证了设计方法的有效性。     

卫星便携站馈源喇叭天线的研究和设计

对卫星便携站的馈源喇叭进行了研究,并设计了一款新结构的介质加载馈源喇叭天线,以替代该卫星便携站原有的波纹喇叭馈源。该介质加载馈源喇叭天线的特点是结构简单、组装简易、成本低廉。通过比较和分析,该天线具有增益高、反射小、交叉极化低、波束对称及波瓣尖锐的优点,尤其是天线的口径效率最高可达到95.7%。可见介质加载馈源喇叭非常适用于卫星便携站的馈源以及卡塞格伦天线的初级辐射器。     

一种Ka频段超低交叉极化宽频带波纹喇叭天线

波纹喇叭天线是一种结构紧凑、具有良好辐射性能的馈源天线,特别是轴向槽波纹喇叭天线可以在宽频段内实现极低的交叉极化,对扩展工作频段、实现极化复用有重要的价值。文章对轴向槽波纹喇叭天线的设计方法进行了研究,利用模式匹配法和全波算法软件设计了一种Ka频段超低交叉极化宽频带轴向槽波纹喇叭天线。实测数据表明,该喇叭天线工作频段可覆盖整个Ka频段（26.5~40 GHz）,在频段内回波损耗小于-20 dB、交叉极化小于-45 dB,同时天线具备良好的方向图对称性和相位中心稳定性,在卫星通信领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

双频共面单脉冲天线研制

论述了双频共面单脉冲天线的设计方法。天线口径较小时,馈源的遮挡口径相对较大,这对天线的性能影响很大,选择口径较小的双频馈源是实现双频共面的关键。天线低频段馈源采用4喇叭单脉冲形式,高频段馈源采用单口多模单脉冲喇叭,通过各自的馈电网络实现单脉冲功能。天线采用卡塞格伦形式,通过对天线和馈源的优化设计,可实现天线双频段工作性能,实测结果与计算结果基本吻合。     

Ku/Ka四波段共馈低剖面赋形天线设计

针对传统切换式多馈源的低剖面反射面天线结构复杂,不能多频段同时工作的问题,介绍了一款四波段单馈源低剖面环焦反射面天线及设计方法。该天线工作在四波段14~14.5 GHz, 11.45~12.75 GHz,19.6~21.2 GHz,29.4~31 GHz。整体天线采用双槽深波纹喇叭单馈源、通过口面场分布和多项式拟合过渡函数的方法构造的赋形副反射面和主反射面。用电磁仿真软件进行了建模仿真和验证。实测结果表明,整体天线较传统天线的效率提高12%以上,第一旁瓣<-14 dB,指标满足设计要求。     

Optimization of Profiles of Rectangular Horns for High Efficiency

Realization of high-efficiency rectangular horns is investigated by means of mode generation and profile optimization. Conditions required for maximum efficiency of an aperture array are derived and made specific to a rectangular aperture with twofold symmetry. It is shown that aperture coupling has a significant effect on aperture efficiency through mode coupling. Efficiencies in excess of 100% are predicted for aperture sizes that are slightly greater than an odd multiple of half-wavelengths. The method described here results in more compact horns than obtained by using conventional linear tapers or steps. Results are presented for horns suitable for array feeds or directly radiating array applications that achieve aperture efficiencies close to 100% with horns of aperture size ranging from 1.25 to 3 wavelengths and at the same time have a return loss 20 > dB and cross-polar isolation > 22 dB. Measured results are given for an experimental compact horn that has high efficiency over an 8% bandwidth. The agreement between computation and measurement is within the limits of experimental error and this is obtained without any special surface treatment on the inside surfaces.     

Optimization of Broadband Smooth-Wall Circular Horn Antennas

This paper presents the optimization and characterization of broadband circular horn antennas with smooth walls. These antennas are simpler and easier to manufacture than corrugated horns. They work by converting the incoming fundamental mode to a mode mixture, whose total field corresponds to a Gaussian beam pattern at the aperture. The geometry of the horn is found by an optimization algorithm. While smooth-wall horn antennas have been designed for many years, they are inherently band limited because they rely on a correct multimode interference in the aperture to match the total field to a Gaussian distribution. The presented method achieves significantly larger bandwidths by allowing the Gaussian beam parameters, and thus the required mode spectrum in the aperture, to vary with the frequency. Together with an appropriate mirror optics, a receiver system with a bandwidth of more than 3 octaves could be realized.     

Analysis of pyramidal horn antennas using moment methods

A hybrid numerical technique is developed for electrically large pyramidal horn antennas radiating in free space. A stepped-waveguide method is used to analyze the interior surfaces of the horn transition. The electric field integral equation (EFIE) is employed on the outer surfaces of the pyramidal horn including the radiating aperture. Meanwhile, the magnetic field integral equation (MFIE) is used on the aperture to relate the aperture fields and those in the horn transition The resultant hybrid field integral equation (HFIE) is solved numerically by the method of moments. This formulation is both accurate and numerically stable so that high-gain microwave pyramidal horns can be analyzed rigorously. Far-field radiation patterns, both computed and measured, are presented for three electrically-large X-band horn antennas. The comparisons demonstrate that this method is accurate enough to predict the fine pattern structure at wide angles and in the back region. Computed far-field patterns and aperture field distributions of two smaller X-band horns are also presented along with a discussion on the validity of the approximate aperture field distributions routinely used in the analysis and design of pyramidal horns     

A novel horn radiator with high aperture efficiency and low cross-polarization and applications in arrays and multibeam reflector antennas

A step horn structure is presented that yields about 90% aperture efficiency with low cross-polar radiation. It is found that for obtaining high aperture efficiency, the horn aperture should consist of only the TE/sub z/ type of modes in appropriate amplitudes and phases. The desired TE/sub z/ modes are produced using multiple steps in the horn walls. The distances between the steps are critical to suppress the undesired TM/sub z/ modes. Radiation characteristics of high efficiency circular and square horns are presented and potential applications of such high efficiency horns are discussed.     

Characterization of corrugated feed horns at 216 and 300 GHz

We present measurements of the near-field beam profiles of two corrugated feed horns with center frequencies of 216 and 300 GHz. Both co-polar and cross-polar components of the electric field have been probed across the operation band of the horns. A full-wave numerical near-field transformation, based on a vector Kirchhoff integral, is implemented to transform the measured field to the horn aperture for a comparison with the ideal aperture field. From the overlap integral of the transformed and the ideal field, we conclude that the field radiated by these horns is the HE₁₁ mode, to a purity of better than 99%.     

Analysis of diagonal horns through Gaussian-Hermite modes

The radiation characteristics of diagonal horns are investigated by means of Gaussian-Hermite modes. It is shown that, for reasonably long horns, the beamwidths in the principal and 45° planes are equal to within 10%, and all sidelobes are below -15 dB. It is also demonstrated that the phase center of a diffraction-limited horn is close to the aperture, whereas the phase center of a constant-beamwidth horn is behind the throat. The maximum coupling to the lowest order copolar Gaussian mode is 84%, and the total amount of power coupled into the cross-polarized lobes is 9.5%. More significantly, the aperture efficiency of a Cassegrain antenna fed by a diagonal horn has a maximum value of 81%, which compares with 87% for a corrugated horn. The maximum efficiency is achieved when the aperture of a diffraction-limited horn is placed at a confocal tertiary focus, although a secondary focus gives an aperture efficiency that is only 10% lower, suggesting that diagonal horns are suitable for focal-plane arrays     

Aperture efficiencies of large axisymmetric reflector antennas fedby conical horns

It is shown how the radiation patterns of conical horns can be understood in terms of Laguerre-Gaussian beam modes. This approach provides a simple method for calculating the horn radiation pattern as it propagates through a multielement optical system consisting of lenses or offset mirrors with large focal ratio and/or a small angle of incidence, and can be used in quantitatively determining aperture efficiencies for systems where conical horns are coupled to antennas via tertiary optics. The resulting aperture efficiency results and a practical quasioptical system fed by a conical horn are discussed     

A hybrid technique for analyzing corrugated and noncorrugated rectangular horns

A hybrid technique is proposed to solve the entire problem of corrugated and noncorrugated rectangular horns without the usual approximations. The horn antenna is simulated by a multistepped waveguide structure radiating into half-space. The procedure is composed of three steps. First, assuming the horn to be terminated by infinite metallic flange, the aperture problem is accurately solved by a hybrid modal-spectral method (HMSM). Second, the modal analysis (MA) method and scattering matrix concept of waveguide discontinuities are employed to solve the transverse multidiscontinuity problems. Finally, the two methods are combined (MA-HMSM) to solve the entire problem of the horn antenna. The proposed technique allows to obtain not only the radiation patterns, but also the reflection and near-field characteristics of the horn, without any restriction on the geometry (semiflare angles, profiled horn contours, corrugations). A good agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental results has been obtained for several horns.     

Numerical solution for the near-field transmission between two H-plane sectoral electromagnetic horns

The effect of higher order interactions in the coupling between twoH-plane sectoral electromagnetic horns on the field distribution at the aperture of the transmitting horn is calculated using the point matching technique. A nonsingular integral equation for the induced current in the receiving horn, due to the initially incident wave from the transmitting horn, is formulated using a conformal transformation which maps the cross sectional contour of the receiving horn onto two circles on which the induced currents are finite. The solution leads to a modified field distribution in the transmitting aperture which is then employed in Hu's near-zone power transmission formula to compute a gain correction factor forH-plane sectoral horns. It is shown that the correction factor oscillates about that reported by Chu and Semplak with an amplitude which increases for smaller separation distances.     

Mutual coupling between sectoral horns side by side

The mutual coupling between two sectoral horns side by side is formulated in terms of the rays, modes, and mode caustics excited in each horn. The coupling term is attributed to the multiple interaction between the aperture edges of both horns and is calculated using Keller's geometrical theory of diffraction. It is shown that this asymptotic method leads to an excellent agreement with experiment and is a considerable improvement over more complicated solutions based on the Huygens' principle.