季铵盐捕收剂对铝硅矿物的浮选行为

通过单矿物浮选试验、动电位测定及红外光谱分析研究了十二烷基三甲基氯化铵、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和十八烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵3种季铵盐捕收剂对铝硅矿物一水硬铝石、高岭石、叶蜡石和伊利石的浮选行为和作用机理.结果表明:在碱性条件下,以季铵盐为捕收剂可实现一水硬铝石与3种硅酸盐矿物的反浮选分离;一水硬铝石、高岭石、叶蜡石及伊利石的等电点分别为pH6.0、3.4、2.3、3.2,随着矿浆pH值提高,这些矿物的表面动电位均呈负增加;季铵盐捕收剂主要靠静电作用吸附在一水硬铝石、高岭石、叶蜡石及伊利石表面.     

氟化钠在铝硅酸锌矿石物浮选新工艺试验研究

在季铵盐捕收剂体系中，氟化钠活化了层状硅酸盐矿物高岭石、伊利石和叶蜡石的浮选，而对一水硬铝石的浮选没有影响，可以作为铝土矿反浮选的有效调整剂。氟化钠在矿物表面上发生特性吸附作用，显著降低硅酸盐矿物的Zeta电位，而对一水硬铝石的电位影响不大。AES研究表明，氟离子扩散至硅酸盐矿物颗粒内部，使得其在硅酸盐矿物颗粒上的吸附量很高，而只在一水硬铝石表面发生较低量的吸附。氟离子在硅酸盐矿物颗粒的表面和内部的高吸附量显著降低矿物的动电位，增强捕收剂与矿物的静电作用，从而起到活化作用。     

氧肟酸高分子药剂在铝土矿反浮选中的作用

通过浮选试验，研究了氧肟酸淀粉和氧肟酸聚丙烯酰胺两种高分子药剂对铝土矿中一水硬铝石和高岭石浮选行为的影响。结果表明：氧肟酸淀粉在酸性条件下对一水硬铝石有较强的抑制作用，而对高岭石有活化现象；氧肟酸聚丙烯酰胺在整个试验pH值范围内对两种矿物均有活化作用。两种大分子药剂属于阴离子型，动电位测定结果表明，它们在带负电的高岭石、一水硬铝石表面吸附，使其动电位负性增加，表明药剂与矿物存在氢键力或化学作用力。由于在一水硬铝石表面，氧肟酸淀粉可以罩盖捕收剂十二胺，增加矿物表面的亲水性，从而对其产生抑制作用。而线型氧肟酸聚丙烯酰胺在矿物表面为卧式吸附，其分子链上的负电区能够增加阳离子捕收剂的吸附量，从而活化了一水硬铝石的浮选。     

甲萘胺浮选铝硅酸盐矿研究

研究了甲萘胺对叶蜡石、伊利石和高岭石的浮选行为。结果表明，甲萘胺对叶蜡石的回收率超过98%，对伊利石和高岭石的捕收力相对较弱。矿浆pH值对叶蜡石和高岭石的回收率影响较小。在酸性及碱性条件下，伊利石的回收率下降。酸性矿浆中，捕收剂通过静电引力吸附在矿粒表面；碱性矿浆中，捕收剂主要通过氢键吸附在矿粒表面。红外吸收光谱表明，三种矿物表面均存在有-OH；在一个粒宽的pH值范围内，三种铝硅酸盐矿浆的zeta电位均为负值，表明矿粒表面荷负电。     

调整剂在浮选分离一水硬铝石和高岭石中的研究

单矿物浮选试验结果表明, 在阳离子捕收剂DTAL 作用下, 调整剂SFL 在pH=2～12 范围内活化高岭石的浮选, 而在弱酸性条件下对一水硬铝石的浮选影响较小。弱酸性条件下的人工混合矿分离试验表明, 随着原矿中一水硬铝石的含量的增加, 精矿铝硅比显著上升, 氧化铝的回收率也随着提高;在调整剂SFL 的作用下, 精矿铝硅比进一步提高。动电位测试研究表明, 与SFL 作用后的一水硬铝石和高岭石的负电位显著增加, 使得阳离子捕收剂通过静电作用力更容易吸附在矿物表面上吸附。吸附量的测试表明:SFL增加了在高岭石表面的捕收剂吸附量, 而在一水硬铝石表面的捕收剂吸附量有所减少。     

QAX224捕收剂反浮选分离一水硬铝石和高岭石的试验研究

通过浮选试验、动电位和红外光谱测定,考察了以季铵盐QAX224为捕收剂,淀粉为抑制剂,一水硬铝石与高岭石反浮选分离的作用效果和机理。浮选试验表明, 在pH=8～9的范围内,随着抑制剂用量的增加,一水硬铝石几乎全部被抑制,而高岭石则可出现轻微的活化作用。将一水硬铝石和高岭石的人工混合矿反浮选试验后,铝硅比提高到30.79。机理分析表明,捕收剂和抑制剂与高龄石除了物理作用,还出现了化学键合,一水硬铝石与捕收剂主要为静电吸附,与淀粉主要是化学吸附。     

新型螯合剂对一水硬铝石和铝硅酸盐矿物浮选行为的研究

合成了含有羧基和肟基的新型螯合捕收剂HCMT并研究其对一水硬铝石、高岭石和伊利石的浮选行为。单矿物浮选试验表明,该捕收剂对一水硬铝石、铝硅酸盐矿物的捕收能力差别较大,能有效分离一水硬铝石与铝硅酸盐矿物。通过动电位、红外光谱和电镜扫描(SEM)等研究了捕收剂对矿物的吸附机理,结果表明捕收剂在一水硬铝石表面可能是通过COOH、-NHOH与Al-O形成双环螯合物的化学吸附,而在高岭石、伊利石表面主要是物理吸附。     

淀粉对蓝晶石矿物浮选行为影响及机理研究

通过浮选试验、吸附量测定、动电位和红外光谱分析,考查了淀粉对蓝晶石、石英及黑云母浮选行为的影响及作用机理。单矿物浮选实验表明,在阳离子捕收剂十二胺体系中,淀粉在中性条件可以较好地抑制蓝晶石的浮选,当淀粉用量为22.5mg/L时,蓝晶石的浮选回收率仅为2.78%。结果表明:淀粉是蓝晶石反浮选的有效调整剂,淀粉对蓝晶石除了静电作用外,同时淀粉能与矿物表面的Al 3+发生化学键合作用,使淀粉吸附于蓝晶石矿物表面,从而使矿物表面亲水化,同时淀粉与十二胺能在蓝晶石矿物表面发生竞争吸附而减少捕收剂在矿物表面的吸附量。     

可溶性淀粉在长石与石英浮选分离中的作用

通过单矿物浮选实验、动电位测试及吸附量的测定，揭示了可溶性淀粉在长石与石英浮选分离中的作用。结果表明:采用十二胺（DDA）和十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)作为混合捕收剂，可溶性淀粉对长石与石英皆有抑制作用，相对而言可溶性淀粉对石英的抑制作用较强，对长石的抑制作用较弱；动电位测试表明，长石在可溶性淀粉中的zeta电位相对于在纯水中的zeta电位只是略微向正方向移动，pH值为 5～7的范围内，石英在可溶性淀粉溶液中的zeta电位明显向正方向移动；吸附量的测定结果表明，在中性矿浆条件下，淀粉用量在20-80 mg/L的范围内，其在石英表面的吸附量大于在长石表面的吸附量，淀粉阻碍了捕收剂在石英表面的吸附，因此淀粉能够有效地抑制石英，而对长石抑制作用较弱。      

组合捕收剂浮选菱锌矿的分子头基尺寸响应

通过单矿物浮选、动电位测试以及荧光探针检测对比研究了不同头基尺寸捕收剂组合油酸钠/十二胺和油酸钠/溴代十六烷基吡啶在菱锌矿表面的吸附特性及其对矿物浮选行为的影响。单一捕收剂体系浮选试验结果表明,3种捕收剂体系下,随着捕收剂浓度增加,矿物浮选回收率均呈现先增加后下降的趋势,油酸钠、溴代十六烷基吡啶、十二胺分别在pH值为5.8、8.4和10.1处达到最大回收率,3种捕收剂对菱锌矿的捕收能力顺序为油酸钠>溴代十六烷基吡啶>十二胺。混合捕收剂体系中,固定油酸钠浓度为2×10^-4 mol/L,加入适量的十二胺可以大幅促进矿物浮选,而加入溴代十六烷基吡啶几乎没有影响。动电位测试结果表明,在pH=6时经2×10^-4 mol/L 油酸钠溶液处理的菱锌矿表面电位为-30.5 mV,随着十二胺用量增加,已吸附油酸钠的菱锌矿表面电位逐渐上升,在十二胺浓度2×10^-4 mol/L时其表面动电位升高到接近菱锌矿在纯水中的动电位值22.3 mV,这是由于十二胺阳离子在已吸附了油酸钠阴离子的菱锌矿表面发生吸附; 而溴代十六烷基吡啶的加入对菱锌矿表面电位几乎没有影响,说明溴代十六烷基吡啶阳离子基本没有在矿物表面吸附,这与浮选试验结果一致。矿物表面微极性测试结果验证了上述推论,在此基础上给出了两种组合捕收剂在菱锌矿表面的吸附模型。     

Flotation of aluminosilicates using N-(2-aminoethyl)-1-naphthaleneacetamide

The present work deals with the flotation behavior of kaolinite, illite and pyrophyllite with N-(2-aminoethyl)-1-naphthaleneacetamide (AENA). The best recoveries of kaolinite, illite and pyrophyllite were 41.4%, 39.8% and 90.4% respectively. The flotation behavior of three aluminosilicates is almost independent of pulp pH and the collector concentration. The results obtained show that AENA is a stronger collector for pyrophyllite. Conversely it is weaker for kaolinite and illite. By determining the effects of pulp pH on the zeta potential of aluminosilicates, we found that along with the rise in pulp pH, the zeta potential of the aluminosilicate pulp changed gradually from the plus zone to the minus zone. However, there is not a marked change in the floatability of the aluminosilicates. It was shown that the interaction between the collector and the surfaces of the ore particle was not merely electrostatic force, there are also probably hydrogen bonds between them.     

The flotation behaviour of N-(3-aminopropyl)-dodecanamide on three aluminosilicates

The surface properties and flotation behaviour of aluminosilicates including kaolinite, illite and pyrophyllite, using N-(3-aminopropyl)-dodecanamide as a collector, have been investigated. The best recoveries of kaolinite, illite and pyrophyllite were respectively 91.5%, 90.6%, and 96.3%. On the basis of FT-IR spectra and zeta potential, the ionization of surface hydroxyl, as well as isomorphic exchange of surface ions, accounts for the mineral surface charges. The mechanisms of interactions of the mineral surface with collectors depend on the pH of the pulp. In the acidic region, the interactions of the mineral surfaces with the collector were mainly electrostatic, but in the alkaline region, the interactions are mainly due to hydrogen bonding. It can be seen from SEM photographs of aluminosilicates that pyrophyllite takes the shape of thin slices, but kaolinite and illite have irregular porous structures. Specific surface area and particle size distributions of aluminosilicates also indicate that kaolinite and illite are relatively large porous particles with larger external as well as internal surface areas.     

Utilization of soluble starch as a depressant for the reverse flotation of diaspore from kaolinite

The utilization of a non-toxic natural polysaccharide, soluble starch, in the flotation of diaspore and kaolinite with emphasis on depression of diaspore in the reverse flotation of bauxite ores by using a Gemini cationic collector, is reported in this work. Firstly, the depressant effect of soluble starch was studied by pure mineral micro-flotation of diaspore and kaolinite as functions of the depressant dosage and pulp pH. The results show that soluble starch depresses diaspore much better than kaolinite. When pH is over 10, a satisfactory separation of the alumina and the silicate minerals can be approached. Moreover, micro-flotation tests of artificial mixed minerals and bench scale reverse flotation of the diasporic bauxite ore was complementing conducted. The non-charged starch is highly proved to be an effective and selective depressant for the reverse flotation of diaspore from the gangue minerals like kaolinite. By zeta potential measurement, adsorption studies and D-IR spectra analysis, the mechanism of interaction between starch and the diaspore surfaces is established, which is the formation of a five membered ring complexes on mineral substrates. The number of broken Al–O bonds of diaspore is much more than that of kaolinite, so the selectivity separation of diaspore from kaolinite in this system is feasible.     

新型阳离子有机硅QAS222对铝硅矿物浮选行为的研究

考察了自行合成的新型有机硅阳离子表面活性剂QAS222对一水硬铝石、高岭石、叶蜡石和伊利石等4种铝硅矿物的浮选行为,并以其为铝硅酸盐矿物的捕收剂,进行了不同铝硅比的人工混合矿反浮选分离脱硅试验研究。试验研究结果表明,新型阳离子有机硅季铵盐类化合物是铝土矿反浮选脱硅的有效捕收剂;酸性条件下QAS222对一水硬铝石、高岭石、叶腊石和伊利石表现较好的捕收力,但此时反浮选分离趋势不明显;而在碱性条件下,以QAS222为捕收剂,随着矿浆pH值的上升,4种矿物的可浮性出现了不同程度的减低,尤其是当矿浆pH9后,一水硬铝石的上浮率骤减,铝硅矿物之间表现出了良好的反浮选分离趋势;在矿浆pH值为11时,以QAS222为捕收剂,不添加其它任何抑制剂,成功地实现不同铝硅比的人工混合矿的反浮选脱硅,并获得较好的选别指标——当给矿A/S仅有2.7时,仍能获得精矿A/S为12.82,其中Al2O3品位77.79%、回收率69.91%的较好指标,且当给矿A/S不断增大时,精矿中的A/S,Al2O3的品位和回收率都有所提高。     

Role of crystal structure in flotation separation of diaspore from kaolinite,pyrophyllite and illite

Wettability and electrokinetics of kaolinite, illite, pyrophyllite and diaspore were measured in the context of reverse flotation using cationic collectors. The results were interpreted by crystal structure analysis of the minerals. The point of zero charge (PZC) was calculated using crystallographic parameters of the minerals and compared well with the corresponding iso-electrical point (IEP) determined experimentally. The decreasing order of the measured IEP or calculated PZC from diaspore to kaolinite, illite and finally pyrophyllite correlated well with decreasing the number of broken Al–O bonds and the ratio of broken Al–O to Si–O bonds. The electrostatic interaction was identified as the main driving force for cationic collector adsorption on the minerals. Satisfactory separation of aluminosilicates from diaspore was achieved by reverse flotation.