驶经桥墩船体非定常水动力相互作用数值预报

应用CFD软件对船舶通过桥区时的船体-桥墩水动力相互作用进行数值研究,通过使用动网格技术及UDF进行船舶运动过程中的网格更新,对船舶沿直线航线匀速驶经桥墩时的非定常粘性流场进行数值模拟,对桥墩诱导的船体非定常水动力进行数值预报,其中假设船舶航速很小,因而自由面兴波的影响可以忽略。以一艘集装箱船和一个垂直柱体桥墩模型为例,选取不同的船体-桥墩横向距离进行了数值计算,得到了作用在船体上的横向力和转首力矩时历曲线,分析了船体-桥墩横向距离对船体非定常水动力的影响。     

基于CFD的船-舵水动力干扰数值研究

该文采用基于RANS方程求解的CFD方法,对匀速直航的船-舵系统的黏性绕流场进行数值模拟,计算了不同船速和不同舵角下的船-舵水动力干扰系数,计算中忽略了自由面兴波及螺旋桨的影响。文中以KVLCC1船、舵模型为研究对象,首先将数值计算的船舶水动力及船-舵水动力干扰系数结果与模型试验数据进行比较,验证了所采用数值方法的有效性;随后,对船-舵系统、裸船体和敞水舵分别进行计算,通过水动力计算结果的比较以及流场分析,对船-舵水动力相互作用进行了数值研究。     

限制水域内船后螺旋桨梢涡特性研究

为了探究船舶在限制水域中自航时螺旋桨的工作特性,该文基于商业软件STAR-CCM+,通过求解RANS方程对船舶在限制水域航行进行了数值模拟.首先对船-舵一体阻力、螺旋桨敞水性能和船-桨-舵一体自航进行了验证,证明了数值和网格划分方法的可行性;然后考虑不同的水深和船-岸距离,计算并分析了船舶螺旋桨的水动力和梢涡特性.研究...     

深浅水中KVLCC船体横荡运动水动力数值计算

通过求解非定常RANS方程,选取SST k-ω湍流模型,采用全六面体网格进行离散,在忽略自由面兴波影响的情况下,对KVLCC1裸船体在深水和浅水中的PMM试验纯横荡运动粘性流场进行了数值模拟,计算了作用在船体上的水动力和力矩;通过将计算结果与现有的试验数据对比,验证了该文方法的有效性.在此基础上,根据水动力和力矩计算结果,计算得到了船舶横荡运动线性水动力导数.     

舰船在波浪中补给的运动性能研究

本文介绍舰船在波浪中补给时的运动响应理论计算方法，运用三维势流理论计算两船的水动力相互作用和波浪扰动力。根据两船的相对运动进行两船补给时的相碰概率预报。预报结果与水池船模试验进行了初步验证，吻合较好。     

基于离散元方法与水动力学耦合的河冰动力学模型

流凌和冰坝是我国北方冬季比较常见的河冰现象,尤其冰坝,可导致严重的凌洪灾害,是河冰研究中的重要部分。本文将离散单元方法与二维水动力学相耦合,建立河冰的动力学数值模型,以模拟河冰输移、聚集、堆积,以及冰坝形成的动力过程。针对河道中大量密集且几何形状随机的流冰现象,采用扩展多面体单元对冰块进行构造,并通过离散元接触模型表征河冰输移和冰坝形成过程中冰块间的相互作用。河流水动力部分则采用考虑河冰影响的二维非定常浅水方程进行描述,并采用有限元方法进行数值计算。冰水耦合中的计算参数由河冰离散单元与其所在水动力学有限元网格节点的位置插值计算得到。通过对冰盖封河造成水位抬高过程的数值模拟,并将计算结果与理论分析结果以及DynaRICE河冰模型的模拟结果进行对比,以验证模型的有效性。在此基础上,对规则河道中河冰输移、堆积和形成冰坝的过程进行数值模拟和结果分析。通过以上河冰离散元与水动力学的耦合方法及其对河冰动力过程的数值模拟,对河冰动力过程从细观角度进行新的认识并为河冰动力过程研究提供一种有效的数值方法。     

不同舵参数对敞水舵水动力性能影响的数值研究

为探究不同舵几何参数对敞水舵水动力性能的影响,通过求解RANS方程并选取SST k-ω湍流模型,对不同舵参数下的NACA00系列敞水舵模型黏性流场进行数值模拟,对其水动力性能进行数值预报。首先,采用不同密度的网格进行收敛性分析,结果表明所采用的网格达到对数值计算的验证要求;然后,通过数值结果与试验数据的比较,对所采用的数值方法和所建立的数值模型进行了确认。在此基础上,计算了不同剖面翼型、展弦比和梢根比下的敞水舵水动力,并对数值结果进行了分析。结果表明,剖面翼型与展弦比对敞水舵水动力性能的影响较大,而梢根比的影响相对较小。     

船体黏性非均匀伴流场中螺旋桨非定常水动力性能预报研究

采用滑移网格技术模拟螺旋桨的旋转,使用CFD前处理软件ICEM CFD划分流场网格,运用基于求解RANS方程的CFD软件数值模拟了螺旋桨的水动力性能.预报了均匀流场中三个不同类型螺旋桨的水动力性能.针对非均匀伴流场采用两种不同的处理方法,研究了两个不同螺旋桨的非定常水动力性能.讨论了基于滑移网格技术的网格划分方法、边界层网格的处理方法和计算稳定性的判断方法等影响计算精度的关键因素,分析了不同湍流模式对预报结果的影响.预报结果显示,船体伴流场的不均匀性导致了桨叶表面压力分布随桨叶的位置不同而发生变化,且计算值和试验值吻合的很好.     

螺旋桨非定常力的黏性数值分析

基于黏流的数值模拟技术在非均匀来流情况下对DTMB P4119桨所受的非定常力进行了分析.该桨已在DTMB用给定的非均匀轴向进流场做过非定常水动力测量,故本文计算用该进流场作为进流条件并把该试验结果用来验证.计算过程分析了网格数的收敛性. 非定常力的计算的预报结果,明显地反映了1阶,2阶及3阶叶频的轴承力幅值与进流阶调的耦合效应.通过计算结果与试验结果的对比,不论是非定常力的演变特征还是脉动幅度都与试验结果吻合良好.通过简单定性分析认为通过计算得到的非定常力预报螺旋桨线谱噪声误差将在3dB以内,比较理想.     

基于自适应网格技术的Clark-Y水翼空泡数值模拟

空化流动具有高度非定常性,界面模糊而且处于不断地形变之中。该研究基于开源的CFD平台OpenFOAM,利用interPhaseChangeDyMFoam求解器对Clark-Y水翼的空泡流进行数值模拟,并利用自适应网格技术对空化区域尤其是两相界面附近的网格进行了局部加密,考察并分析了水翼的水动力性能和空泡形态。文中将模拟结果与试验结果相比较,发现通过自适应网格加密可以有效捕捉空泡形态的变化尤其是片空泡脱落过程和云空泡溃灭过程。研究表明,针对空化区域的自适应网格加密能够在计算量一定的情况下有效提高空泡流模拟精度。     

COMPUTATION OF HYDRODYNAMIC INTERACTION FORCES BETWEEN SHIPS BASED ON B-SPLINES

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Numerical prediction of hydrodynamic forces on a ship passing through a lock with different configurations简

A CFD method is used to numerically predict the hydrodynamic forces and moments acting on a ship passing through a lock with a constant speed. By solving the RANS equations in combination with the RNG k-e turbulence model, the unsteady viscous flow around the ship is simulated and the hydrodynamic forces and moments acting on the ship are calculated. UDF is com-piled to define the ship motion. Meanwhile, grid regeneration is dealt with by using the dynamic mesh method and sliding interface technique. Under the assumption of low ship speed, the effects of free surface elevation are neglected in the numerical simulation. A bulk carrier ship model is taken as an example for the numerical study. The numerical results are presented and compared with the available experimental results. By analyzing the numerical results obtained for locks with different configurations, the influences of approach wall configuration, lock configuration symmetry and lock chamber breadth on the hydrodynamic forces and moments are demonstrated. The numerical method applied in this paper can qualitatively predict the ship-lock hydrodynamic interaction and pro-vide certain guidance on lock design.     

Valid hydrodynamic interaction regions of multiple ships advancing in waves

Based on the 3-D surface panel method combined with the translating-pulsating source Green function, an approximate approach is developed to solve the hydrodynamic interacting problem of multiple ships advancing parallel in waves. Focus is on improving the calculating efficiency. In this approach, each ship is assumed to be in each other＇s far-field, and the near-field term in this Green function is neglected if the source point falls on one ship and the field point on others. Further, a matching relationship between the far-field waves and the interfered regions, which are defined as the overlapping areas between the mean wetted body surface of one ship and the propagating regions of the waves generated by another ship, is introduced to avoid the unnecessary computation of the relative terms of the Green function, if the field point is not in the overlapping areas. The approach is validated through studying the hydrodynamic terms and the free motions of two or three ships in side-by-side arrangement by comparing the obtained results with the model tests and the predictions of the exact method. The average calculating speed for the present approximate method is about 1.65-1.8 times of that for the exact method for solving the hydrodynamic interaction problem of two ships, and 2.56-2.73 times for that of three ships.     

浅水域中两船交错运行时的非定常波浪干涉

本文以Green-Naghdi（G-N）方程为基础,采用波动方程／有限元法计算两艘船舶在浅水域交错运动时的非定常波浪干涉特性。把运动船舶对水面的扰动作为移动压强直接包含在Green—Naghdi方程里,以描述运动船体和水面的相互作用。本文以S60 CB=0．6船为算例,给出在两艘船交错运动时,自由面波高,波浪阻力及横向力的变化特征。计算结果发现,当两艘船船首接近时,波浪阻力增加。接着,两艘船船身相向平行航行时,阻力减少。两艘船船尾相遇时,波浪阻力又增加。最后随着两船的远离,波浪阻力趋于正常。两船之间的侧向力呈现相似的变化规律。两船先承受横向排斥力,接着相互吸引,尔后又排斥。最后两船远离,横向力消失。计算结果表明,在两船间距较小和船速较大时,两船间的吸引力相当显著,应该予以充分重视。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TRANSIENT FLOW AROUND A SHIP IN UNSTEADY BERTHING MOTION

Ship berthing is a specific maneuver operation. The flow around a berthing ship and the forces acting on the hull are quite different from those for a ship in normal navigation. By solving the unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, the transient flow field around a ship undergoing unsteady lateral motion is simulated and the varying lateral hydrodynamic force acting on the hull is evaluated in this article. The numerical results obtained with different turbulence models are analyzed and compared with experimental results and other numerical results published in literature, and a turbulence model more suitable for simulation of the viscous flow around a ship undergoing unsteady berthing is determined.     

Prediction of ship-ship interactions in ports by a non-hydrostatic model

Complicated channel geometry and currents may aggravate the interactions between passing ships and berthed ships, which should be evaluated and taken into account in a port design. A method for predicting the ship-ship interactions, based on a non-hydrostatic shallow water flow model, is presented in this paper and is validated by comparing the numerical results with experimental data. The method is subsequently applied to predict the interaction forces acting on a berthed ship due to a passing ship in ports. The influences of the difference of the water depths between the dock and the main channel, the dock geometry, the current and another berthed ship in the dock on the ship-ship interactions are studied. Analysis based on the numerical results is carried out, which is useful for the port design.     

二维浅水狭航道船舶变速航行的有限元计算

本文从二维浅水波方程出发,采用有限元计算船舶变速驶进、驶出大坝升船机承船厢时的水动力学过程.二维浅水波方程理论把行驶船舶对水面的作用力直接加在二维浅水波方程里,以此来计算水表面波动和水平流速.水动力波产生的水动压力又影响到船舶的运动.本文研究船舶和水体的相互作用.它描述了水面波动、水平流速、船舶的纵倾角、船和厢底的最小间隙、以及承船厢受的水体总重量、水动力矩等重要物理量在船舶行驶过程中的变化规律.本文算例的结果和文献[5]给出的实验数据大体一致.计算结果还发现,船舶驶出承船厢时下沉和纵倾的幅度比船只驶进承船厢时要稍大一点.工程上应当予以重视.     

基于时域格林函数的有航速船舶与波浪相互作用的数值模拟

基于深水时域格林函数的数值处理方法及开发的计算程序,采用三维时域数值模拟方法,在线性势流理论框架内对深海波浪中航行船舶的辐射问题和绕射问题进行了求解,研究探讨了航行船舶与波浪相互作用问题.研究中对不同航行速度的Wigley型船水动力系数和波浪力进行了数值计算,通过与试验及文献计算结果的比较,验证了三维时域数值计算程序的有效性.     

HYDRODYNAMIC INTERACTIONS BETWEEN TWO BODIES

On the basis of model tests, potential flow theory, and viscous Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method, the hydrodynamic interactions between two underwater bodies were investigated to determine the influencing factors, changing rule, interaction mechanism, and appropriate methods describing them. Some special phenomena were discovered in two series of near-wall interaction experiments. The mathematical model and predicting methods were presented for interacting forces near wall, and the calculation results agreed well with the experimental ones. From the comparisons among numerical results with respect to nonviscosity, numerical results with respect to viscosity, and measured results, data on the influence of viscosity on hydrodynamic interactions were obtained. For hydrodynamic interaction related to multi-body unsteady motions with six degrees of freedom that is difficult to simulate in tests, numerical predictions of unsteady interacting forces were given.