不同波浪和装载条件下系泊船舶横摇运动试验研究

横摇是系泊船舶运动的主要形式之一,波浪和船舶装载条件是重要的影响因素。该文选取一艘10万吨级散货船进行系泊模型试验,在同一装载度下变化波浪和配载条件(入射波浪周期和船舶横摇固有周期),通过系列试验,分析了波浪周期和船舶横摇固有周期对系泊船舶横摇运动幅值和横摇运动周期的影响。研究结果表明,对于不同的船舶横摇固有周期,当波浪谱峰周期与横摇固有周期接近时,系泊船舶横摇运动均出现了一次峰值,并且横摇固有周期越小,波浪周期变化过程中的系泊船舶横摇峰值越大。系泊船舶横摇运动周期既和横摇固有周期有关,又和波浪周期有关,系泊船舶横摇运动相对周期(横摇运动周期/波浪谱峰周期)随着波浪相对周期(波浪谱峰周期/横摇固有周期)的增大而减小,并随波浪相对周期的增大而变化趋缓。     

混合浪作用下系泊船舶运动响应规律试验研究

采用双峰频谱模拟涌浪和风浪同时出现的混合浪,以一艘26.6万立方米的LNG船舶为试验对象,对混合浪作用下系泊船舶的运动响应规律进行物理模型试验研究。结果表明:当混合浪能量一定时,系泊船运动量大多随着低频部分波浪能量的增大而增大;在一定装载状态下,系泊船纵荡和垂荡运动量随混合浪中涌浪周期的增大逐渐增大,横荡、横倾和回转运动量峰值与船舶自然固有横荡周期存在着一定的比例关系;当混合浪中风浪条件一定时,系泊船运动量大多随着涌浪波高的增大迅速增大;当混合浪中涌浪条件一定时,风浪波高的改变对系泊船舶运动量的影响较小;在横向波浪作用下,系泊船纵倾运动受混合浪变化影响很小。     

波浪作用下系泊船舶运动计算

港内船舶泊稳条件是港口设计中的一个决定因素。但到目前为止,国内外港口工程设计规范对港内泊稳标准无统一规定。由于波浪引起的船舶运动与波周期、波高及船舶频率响应特性等因素密切相关,因此不能单一地以波高或船舶运动量作为泊稳标准。本文讨论了将STF（Salvesen—Tuck—Faltinsen）法与简单格林函数法结合汁算透空式码头前的船舶运动特性,试图为此问题提供一种解决工具。与其它文献、试验数据的比较表明,本文计算值吻合良好。     

非线性横摇运动的摄动解

本文描述了船舶在突风及规则波共同作用下的非线性横摇运动方程。讨论了当波浪周期接近于船舶自由横摇固有周期时，其非线性方程的多重尺度解法，并应用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论，讨论了方程的稳定性。     

基于MPC的船舶横摇运动控制方法研究

船舶在恶劣海况下会产生大幅横摇运动，严重影响船舶航行安全。如果能对船舶运动趋势进行预测，并采取一定措施进行减摇控制，将大幅提升船舶安全性。该文基于AQWA软件计算船舶运动响应，利用系统识别对波浪的记忆效应进行近似估计，结合横风横浪中单自由度横摇运动方程和船舶运动状态方程，采用模型预测控制(MPC)方法进行船舶横摇运动控制，进而达到减小横摇运动的目的。通过对标准船模5415在规则波和不规则波条件下的横摇运动及其控制模拟，结果表明：MPC方法可有效减小横摇运动幅值，可以很好地解决船舶横摇运动控制的非线性问题，因此该方法适用于船舶时域运动控制研究。该研究为横浪条件下多自由度船舶运动控制奠定了基础。     

深海采矿船减摇水舱减摇效果评估

船舶在海上航行或作业时最容易发生横摇,在各种航速下减摇水舱都能减小船舶横摇运动,因此越来越多的船舶使用减摇水舱减小横摇。在此背景下,针对一艘深海采矿船,开展减摇水舱减摇效果评估计算。首先在规则波中进行频域分析,基于受力平衡原理,得到船舶-减摇水舱耦合运动方程。在频域内求解耦合运动方程,得到不同激励下的船舶横摇响应。定性得到减摇水舱减摇趋势。其次在规则波中进行时域分析,基于脉冲响应叠加原理,采用间接时域法建立船舶横摇运动方程,之后采用CFD方法求解减摇水舱液舱晃荡运动载荷,将CFD方法求解得到的载荷作为外力项添加到船舶横摇运动方程中,求解船舶的运动状态(横摇位移、速度和加速度)。之后再将船舶运动状态作为CFD求解的激励条件,进一步引起液舱晃荡产生外力影响船舶横摇运动,如此连续耦合求解。发现,频域分析存在理论奇点,横摇减小为零,这是理论的不足之处,时域分析方法更可靠。在小范围频域内,减摇水舱在每一频率处存在临界装载水深,在临界装载水深处发生减摇效果突变。最后,根据双参数P-M谱模拟随机波浪,时域分析随机波浪中船舶减摇水舱减摇效果。发现,减摇水舱装水量一半时,减摇效果最佳。     

随浪中船舶复原力计算和试验研究

目前国际海事组织第二代完整稳性衡准正在制定中,纯稳性丧失被列入五种稳性失效模式之一,随浪中复原力变化是纯稳性丧失薄弱性衡准和稳性直接评估的关键因素。该文以C11集装箱船为对象,对随浪不同波浪条件下的横摇复原力进行了试验测量,得到了不同横摇角度时的复原力变化,分析了不同波浪条件下复原力的变化规律;并开发波浪中复原力计算方法和程序,对随浪中船舶横摇复原力进行了计算分析,最后和试验结果进行了对比,有效验证了计算方法的准确性和有效性,为纯稳性丧失直接评估方法的实现奠定了基础,为船舶第二代完整稳性衡准的建立提供了技术支撑。     

随机海浪下的船舶非线性横摇与安全池研究

船舶大幅横摇运动是复杂的非线性问题,也是导致船舶倾覆的主要原因之一.该文通过对随机海浪下船舶非线性横摇运动进行分析,建立了横摇运动微分方程,采用数值方法在时域内对微分方程进行积分,模拟了船舶横摇运动响应,并研究了—实船在随机海浪中安全池的破损情况,得出该船的生存概率,分析了不同有义波高和航速下生存概率的变化.研究表明,数值方法以及安全池理论可用于预测船舶在随机海浪中的生存概率,从而可为船舶稳性衡准提供相关的参考.     

四维路径积分法解随机海浪下船舶横摇倾覆概率

该文利用二阶自回归模型制作的滤波器,将输入的白噪声转化为有色噪声以模拟真实海况的海浪谱。通过分析船舶大幅横摇运动,建立船舶非线性微分运动方程。将上述两个方程相结合,并转化为伊藤微分方程,通过路径积分法,求解相应的四维Fokker-Planck方程,得到随时间变化的船舶大幅非线性横摇运动的转移概率密度,将其与有限差分法计算得到的结果进行比较。研究结果表明,四维路径积分法具有较高的计算精度可以很好地预测船舶横摇概率分布情况,为船舶稳性衡准提供了相关参考。     

波浪群性作用下系泊船运动响应和统计特征值分析

码头前系泊船的运动响应与缆绳张力对于码头的运营安全至关重要。波群对系泊浮体波浪载荷特性不同于普通的随机波浪,具有一定的特殊性。该文对两种模拟波群方法进行了讨论,分析了两种模拟波群方法的特点以及群性与波浪统计特征值之间的关系。在此基础上开展了群性波浪作用下系泊船的运动响应研究,得出了谱峰因子?、群高参数GFH和群长参数GLF与波浪特征波高的变化规律。     

Experimental investigation of motion responses of tunnel element immerging by moored barge

In this paper, the barge effect on the motion responses of the tunnel element immerging by the moored barge under waves is investigated experimentally. Both the motion responses of the tunnel element and the moored barge in the experiment are simultaneously acquired by the Untouched 6-D Measurement System. The results show that the sway motion responses of the tunnel element immerging by the moored barge are different from those without the barge. For the system of the tunnel element and the moored barge, the moored barge has two motion components in the sway direction. The high frequency motion of the moored barge has little effect on the high frequency motion of the tunnel element with moored barge. However, the low frequency motion of the moored barge has a significant effect on the sway motion of the tunnel element. The motion responses of the tunnel element and the barge in the heave and roll directions are mainly the high frequency motion.     

强迫运动柱体附加质量与阻尼系数的CFD计算

基于CFD的RANS方法,计入粘性和自由面的影响,模拟船舶剖面柱体的单自由度强迫摇荡运动,得到横荡、升沉、横摇及横荡对横摇的附加质量与阻尼系数,并与试验进行了比较,符合良好。两种不同网格进行试算比较表明:整体域移动网格的稳定性和计算效率要优于局部重划的非结构网格。最后,针对加装了舭龙骨的柱体进行强迫横摇运动模拟,求解大幅度横摇下的横摇阻尼,分析了舭龙骨尺度对横摇阻尼的影响。各种计算表明:无论是线性还是大幅度非线性运动,粘性CFD方法能有效地预报耐波性中各种运动模态的的水动力系数。     

Time-domain hydrodynamic analysis of pontoon-plate floating breakwater

The hydrodynamic behaviors of a floating breakwater consisting of a rectangular pontoon and horizontal plates are studied theoretically. The fluid motion is idealized as two-dimensional linear potential flow. The motions of the floating breakwater are assumed to be two-dimensional in sway, heave, and roll. The solution to the fluid motion is derived by transforming the governing differential equation into the integral equation on the boundary in time domain with the Green’s function method. The motion equations of the floating breakwater are established and solved with the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method to obtain the displacement and velocity of the breakwater. The mooring forces are computed with the static method. The computational results of the wave transmission coefficient, the motion responses, and the mooring forces of the pontoon-plate floating breakwater are given. It is indicated that the relative width of the pontoon is an important factor influencing the wave transmission coefficient of the floating breakwater. The transmission coefficient decreases obviously as the relative width of the pontoon increases. The horizontal plates help to reduce the wave transmission over the floating breakwater. The motion responses and the mooring forces of the pontoon-plate floating breakwater are less than those of the pontoon floating breakwater. The mooring force at the offshore side is larger than that at the onshore side.     

Stability of a tumblehome hull under the dead ship condition

Some methods for direct stability assessment under the dead ship condition were currently developed by the international maritime organization(IMO)under the Second Generation Intact Stability Criteria.Model tests and simulations are carried out to validate the numerical methods used in assessing the stability under the dead ship condition.This is done in three stages.Firstly,the uncoupled roll mathematical model(1 DOF)is adopted to calculate the roll motion based on the irregular beam waves and the steady wind.Secondly,a drift free experiment is conducted to measure the roll motion under irregular beam waves with zero speed,and then two restrained experiments with counter weights and four springs are performed under the same condition.Finally,the effects of the drift and sway motions on stability under the dead ship condition are then verified by experimental results,and the results of the numerical methods are compared to the results of the model experiments.It is concluded that more accurate numerical methods could be developed for assessing the direct stability under the dead ship condition.     

狭窄水域中单点系泊/拖带船舶动力学行为的试验研究

对单点系泊／拖带船舶在狭窄水域中的动力学特性进行了试验研究。找到了船模的四种稳定运动模式；探讨了不同来流速度和系缆长度对于船只的动力学响应和系缆力的影响。试验表明，船模运动呈现出典型的非线性特征，观察到了吸引子的共存、跳跃和Hopf分岔现象，系缆张力的大小与船舶的动力学行为密切相关，振转运动(鱼尾状摆动)发生时的系泊力远大于船只静止时的缆绳张力；振转运动中的突发系缆载荷可能是导致缆绳断裂的重要原因。与宽广水域相比，狭窄水域中的系泊／拖带船只更宜发生振转运动。     

The dynamics of the floodwater and the damaged ship in waves

The interaction between the dynamics of the floodwater and the damaged ship in waves is investigated by applying an integrated method, which couples a seakeeping solver and a Navier-Stokes solver. To reveal the effects of the water flooding and the sloshing on the damaged ship behaviour, the motion of a Ro-Ro ferry in regular beam seas is simulated, including the ship under the intact condition with and without internal water and the ship under a damaged condition. It is found that the shift of the natural roll frequency of a damaged ship and the decrease of its roll response are mainly due to the water sloshing inside the compartment. The effect of the resonant sloshing leads to the presence of a ship's second peak response at higher frequencies and it is significantly reduced by the water flooding through the damaged opening. The influence of the flooding and the sloshing on the ship behaviour is small with a further increase of the wave frequency.     

船舶进出闸室对系缆力的影响

船舶进、出闸室时,船行波在闸室内引起较大水面波动,造成闸室内系缆船舶的系缆力增大,影响闸室内的船舶停泊安全;大型船舶进、出闸室时,产生的船形波作用更强,对系缆船舶的系缆力影响更大。通过1∶36.3三峡船闸的物理模型和相同比尺5 000 t级典型大型船舶模型,采用系列物理模型试验,对船舶进出船闸时闸室内系缆船舶的系缆力进行了研究。研究结果表明,闸室内有系缆船舶时,船舶进、出闸的航行速度对系缆船舶的系缆力影响很大,进、出闸速度越快,其系缆力也越大。三峡船闸中,当水深5.5 m,闸室内有系缆船舶,大型船舶偏航进、出闸室时,为保证船舶停泊安全,航行船舶的进、出闸速度宜小于0.5 m/s。     

HYDRODYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF FPSO UNDER VARIUS LOADING IN SURVIVAL STORMS IN SHALLOW WATER

The motion performance and clearance between the hull and seabed of a FPSO (Floating, Production, Storage and Offloading units) in survival storm conditions are closely related to its safety during the operation in shallow water. As an example the behavior of a 160 kDWT FPSO with single point mooring system in shallow water was investigated in this paper. Calculation for the FPSO is made based on the 3-D linear potential flow theory and time-domain numerical simulation method and corresponding model test is carried out in the wave basin at Shanghai Jiaotong University. Both the calculated and experimental results indicate that the heave, roll and pitch motions of FPSO become lazy with the increase of the draft. And the fully loaded FPSO in survival storm touched seabed few times. Therefore, it is concluded that the FPSO should be less loaded than that in the fully loaded condition when the survival storm is coming.