Circular supply chains in emerging economies – a comparative study of packaging recovery ecosystems in China and Brazil

This paper provides a circular supply chain perspective of packaging recovery ecosystems being implemented by Tetra Pak, a prime global player in the food packaging industry, in two major emerging economies: China and Brazil. The circular supply chain archetype considered in the research allowed a consistent comparative analysis of Tetra Pak's circular supply chains in both countries. Through a case study approach, the research provides theoretical propositions and learning points that are valuable for academics and practitioners interested in the Chinese and Brazilian markets as well as in the supply chains supporting recovery ecosystems in the packaging industry. In particular, the distinct environments in the Chinese and Brazilian markets render Tetra Pak opportunities to design circular supply chains in different ways showing adaptation and learning to local market characteristics. The industrial perspectives from these emerging economies add to the contributions offered in the paper. Overall, the conceptual considerations and practical recommendations presented in the paper provide useful insights for the development of further studies and implementation of industrial practices advocated by the circular economy.     

Towards a Conceptual Sustainable Packaging Development Model: A Corrugated Box Case Study

Corrugated package designers are focused on balancing the need for product protection, material use efficiency and the packaging material's impact on the environment in the supply chain. The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual sustainable packaging model that integrates the variables of technical design, supply chain systems and environmental factors and then use the model to identify to improve upon corrugated container design. A model was developed, from the extant literature, and a case study was performed on a corrugated container. This is believed to be a unique integrated model of most relevant agents related to the design and implementation of a corrugated box through a supply chain from design to potential post‐consumer reuse. From this study, we found opportunities to improve the environmental design of the corrugated container through four ex ante design stages, and two ex post facto supply chain stages. Further, research can evaluate and refine this model via a ‘live supply chain’ for use in guiding corrugated box material selection design and reuse/recycling. Integration of the design criterion for a unit load in the supply chain creates opportunity to observe the packaging system holistically. Waste in the manufacturing process and CO₂ emissions are traced along the material flow until the end of its useful life to provide an overall picture of the packaging system. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

经济性考量下的供应链产品设计策略

目的 探究新的产业模式下符合经济性原则的供应链产品设计方法,帮助企业通过有效的产品设计策略,实现降本增效,提升市场竞争力。方法 以产品设计的经济性为主脉,以经济效益最大化为目标导向,采用了案例分析、文献研究和经验总结等方法。结果 总结了供应链产业体系下产品设计需求导向性、主从关联性、系统协调性的新特点,确立了供应链协作背景下产品设计标准化、模块化、平台化的基本策略,分析了3种设计策略之间的相互关系。结论 供应链协作是制造业发展的必然趋势,产品设计作为产业链的源头,必须要从经济性的角度与供应链相互配合,才能符合市场和企业的需求。     

基于绿色理念的河阴石榴物流包装创新设计

目的 现阶段农产品物流包装已无法满足国民对于美好生活的迫切需要,因此以河阴石榴为例提出具有借鉴意义的农产品物流包装创新设计方案。方法 首先,通过网络调查及群众访谈,深入分析当前农产品物流包装创新需求。其次,以河南省特色农产品河阴石榴为例,运用田野调查法对其相关者进行考察,深入了解河阴石榴农产品物流包装现状并进行创新设计实践。根据市场需求制定适合河阴石榴农产品物流包装的创新方向定位,为河阴石榴农产品物流包装创新设计提供理论基础并进行设计实践。结果 通过分析国民具体需求,以及深入调研当前河阴石榴农产品物流包装,以绿色发展理念为核心,提出具体的河阴石榴农产品物流包装创新设计。结论 以绿色发展理念为主旨的农产品物流包装可以有效节约资源、减少垃圾分类压力、提高垃圾分类效率,为农产品物流包装的创新发展方向提供有力的实践依据。     

Packaging's Role in Minimizing Food Loss and Waste Across the Supply Chain

This paper presents the results of Australian research that explored the role of packaging in minimizing food waste in the supply chain. The economic, social and environmental costs of food waste have been well documented elsewhere. This research contributes to the debate by identifying opportunities to reduce or recover food loss and waste through improved packaging. In the fresh produce sector, e.g. waste can be reduced through the use of packaging that improves product protection, ventilation and temperature control. Other opportunities include improved design of distribution packaging to reduce damage in transport and handling; design of primary packaging to reduce waste in the home, e.g. through appropriate portion sizes and by reducing confusion over date labels; and the use of retail‐ready packaging that minimizes handling and improves stock rotation in stores. An important conclusion of the study is that packaging can have a significant impact on reducing food waste in the food supply chain; and in some cases, a focus on reducing food waste will require more rather than less packaging. Packaging developers must therefore consider the product and its packaging as a complete system to optimize sustainability. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Packaging scorecard – a packaging performance evaluation method

To support a more holistic approach to the contribution of packaging to efficiency and value creation in the product supply chain, a systematic evaluation method – packaging scorecard – has been developed and tested in two case studies. The packaging scorecard is based on research of functional criteria of packaging and the theories of ‘balanced scorecard’, a general management approach to evaluating organizational performance using different perspectives. The results of the case studies indicate that the method can be very useful to get a systematic overview of packaging performance throughout the product supply chain. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

面向中小包装企业的云制造服务平台研发与应用

目的提高中小包装企业的综合竞争能力,满足客户的个性化需求。方法研发了一种采用多家企业、多个订单、多方协作、多维度服务交易的中小包装企业的云制造服务平台,基于创新智能服务的思想设计出了云制造服务平台的工作流程和核心功能。结果针对云制造服务平台的交易协同逻辑、供需智能匹配方法等关键问题进行了研究,实现了基于关键字的语义智能搜索、交易协同、订单跟踪以及全过程的协同化智能管理。结论以包装产品的研发、设计、生产、销售、物流过程应用为例,仿真分析订单完成效率提升20.5%,提高了整体包装效率、质量与顾客满意度,证明了云制造服务在包装行业的可行性和必要性。     

一种新型运输包装箱的开发与设计

目的 开发设计一种适用于供应链包装系统背景下的新型运输包装箱。方法 首先进行线上和线下的调研,了解供应链包装系统下现有运输包装箱的基本信息以及问题点。其次,根据调研情况研发新型运输包装箱来替代现有产品,同时根据模拟测试进行经济效益预测。结果 该运输包装箱在绿色环保、作业效率、成本等方面,均比现有运输包装箱优越。结论 该运输包装箱是一种适用于快销行业的共享型绿色运输包装箱,价格低廉,使用方便,节能环保,功能丰富,其综合技术指标优良,且其操作性强,性价比高,具有很高的市场前景,是迎接智能物流时代的必然产物。     

Packaging handling evaluation methods in the grocery retail industry

The grocery retail industry, with its large product volumes, low margins and fierce competition, is constantly seeking efficiency improvements in its supply chain. The grocery retail industry uses an immense amount of packaging and is directly affected by packaging logistics activities. There is, therefore, a potential for efficiency improvements in the grocery retail supply chain through the integration and development of new systems of packaging and logistics. Packaging handling is identified as one of the main activities that has a strong impact on the overall logistical cost of a grocery chain. This research article investigates packaging handling evaluation methods and discusses how these are employed to benefit the industry. Case studies, involving six major companies from the Swedish grocery retail industry, have been used to evaluate packaging and logistics activities. This work, together with a literature review, was used to identify the need for evaluative methods and the present availability of such methods. The results indicated a lack of sufficient and usable packaging handling evaluation methods in today's grocery and packaging industry especially from a logistical point of view. The paper also highlights the lack of systematization among the few methods used and discusses how these can be used to build a systematic and multifunctional evaluation model in order to utilize the information from different studies to build a knowledge base for the future. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于智能物流的供应链包装系统集成分析

目的研究物流智能化发展背景下的供应链包装系统集成解决方案。方法从阐释物流智能化的目标和供应链包装在智能物流过程中的效能开始,分析两者之间的联系和契合点;探讨物流的智能化发展赋予供应链包装的新内涵,以及对供应链包装系统的新要求;最后针对物流智能化的特点和目标,研究提出由包装设计与防护、物联网技术、绿色材料科学以及供应链管理等方面关键技术组成的供应链包装系统集成解决方案。结论作为物流信息携带和物流作业主体的包装系统是物流智能化重要的组成环节,供应链包装与物流智能化发展应互为依存与促进。     

新零售业态下生鲜包装可持续设计研究

目的 从保障生鲜产品安全、增强消费体验、提升生鲜品牌社会价值的角度出发,探索新零售业态下生鲜包装的可持续发展策略与设计实践模式,以减少资源浪费,促进可持续发展,并满足不同消费者的购买需求。方法 首先,基于生鲜包装污染的问题导向,通过分析国内生鲜包装设计现状,结合理论研究提出新零售业态下生鲜包装的可持续设计策略,即可循环组合的模块化设计、注重情感体验的人性化设计、重视技术创新的智能化包装,以及品牌化设计方案。结果 对“而荔”生鲜品牌的可持续设计实践验证了设计策略的可行性。结论 在新零售业态和疫情防控的环境下,通过对生鲜电商与生鲜包装设计现状的研究与分析,清晰地梳理现阶段生鲜包装所存在的问题,探讨生鲜包装的可持续设计策略,为生鲜的可持续包装提供设计实践参考。     

基于Hyperledger Fabric的商品外包装设计产权保护模式

针对传统的中心化模式下外包装设计知识产权登记存在的数据易篡改、易泄露等安全问题和侵权问题,提出一种基于Hyperledger Fabric的商品外包装设计产权保护模式。以Hyperledger Fabric区块链为技术支撑,搭建去中心化、可溯源、内容不可篡改的联盟链网络,并融合星际文件系统（IPFS）,提升区块链网络存储效能。同时运用所设计的多特征分层阈值检测的相似度鉴别算法模型,对商品外包装设计图像进行相似度检测。在保证设计作品原创性的前提下,调用智能合约对其进行上链确权,达到知识产权保护的目的。在包装企业、高校、研究机构等多方参与下应用此保护模式构建联盟链,对包装设计知识产权进行高效保护,这能促进包装设计产业健康发展。     

基于QFD-TRIZ理论的筒纱包装生产线造型设计

目的 为改善现有筒纱包装生产线的整体造型,解决用户多样化需求下的造型设计矛盾,提升操作人员使用满意度和造型设计效率,提出一种基于QFD-TRIZ理论的筒纱包装生产线造型设计方法。方法首先通过网络调研来收集典型样本,并分析设备的造型设计现状。采用访谈法和焦点小组法获取用户的多种需求,建立需求层次模型。其次运用QFD理论将用户需求转化为对应的设计特征,结合层次分析法发掘、筛选、定位筒纱包装生产线造型的设计矛盾。最后将设计矛盾进行分类,利用发明原理频率表筛选出各矛盾对应的最优发明原理,并综合多种发明原理进行造型的优化设计。结论 此方法能够在满足防护有效性、造型美观性、成本控制3个方面需求的前提下,高效解决筒纱包装生产线造型设计中的矛盾,为今后类似的产品设计提供了参考。     

我国弹药包装设计热点问题分析及发展研究

目的为了促进我国弹药包装设计适应武器装备发展,推动弹药包装可持续创新,使弹药包装更好地满足作战保障需求。方法从地方文献数据库和军方文献数据库分析弹药包装工程领域研究现状,结合部队调研情况,分析弹药包装设计研究热点,基于五大理念开展弹药包装设计研究。结果我国弹药包装工程研究领域主要集中在包装需求、防护设计、结构优化等方面,重点开展了弹药投送储运包装设计、弹药标准化包装设计、弹药包装信息化应用、弹药密封包装设计、弹药防殉爆包装设计等内容,基于作战理念、保障理念、整合理念、交互理念和生态理念等开展了弹药包装设计研究,并确定了面向作战、以人为本、持续发展的新时期弹药包装设计原则。结论我国弹药包装工程研究应侧重于防护、集装、效益等方面,弹药包装设计热点应更好体现现代战争需求和适应弹药发展需要,推动弹药包装设计的全面发展。     

包装设计中的地域文化元素渗透探析

目的 探索地域文化元素在包装设计中的融合策略.方法 从包装设计在时代发展中的突破与创新谈起,结合人们的审美需求与包装的自身发展,引出包装设计对文化与审美的追求以及对独特性的突出,从而将地域文化作为重要的关注点,分析其在包装设计中的应用方向,分别列举了图形、色彩、符号等细节的渗透可能性与价值,接着分旅游产品包装、地方特产包装、文创产品包装三方面就具体的渗透方式与路径展开了深入探讨,以印证两者融合的可行性.结论 包装设计以使用价值和视觉价值为主要目标,而地域文化元素的有效渗透恰恰可以赋予包装以个性化的艺术魅力与价值,让人们的审美需求得到极大满足,从而在美化产品的基础上提高产品的整体价值,带来更好的经济效益.     

利乐砖棱跌落试验仿真研究

对装有液体的利乐砖型包装进行跌落试验,检测包装设计的效果。对于动态加载情况,ABAQUS/Explicit提供先进方法用于连续体非线性结构的动态仿真。通过有限元仿真代替真实的跌落试验,以降低试验成本,提高实验效率。仿真试验得到的结果与真实包装试验结果进行了比对,结果相似。在包装材料出现破损时,剪切应力集中通常出现在发生包装破损同样的地方。随着跌落高度的增大,应力增大,这与实际吻合很好。     

A Supply Chain Perspective on Green Packaging Development‐Theory Versus Practice

The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into how companies work during packaging development to reduce negative environmental impact along supply chains, and to compare their practical approaches with the theoretical concepts presented in the literature. The research approach is explorative and based on nine cases in the food and manufacturing industries in Sweden. Data were collected from the managerial perspectives of the packaging manager, the logistics manager and the environmental manager. The findings indicate that companies commonly apply a variety of green packaging approaches with a focus on approaches with clear economic benefits. Moreover, companies seem to lack guidance on how to handle trade‐offs and are unable to fully utilize the theoretical environmental benefits of green packaging approaches because of internal and external barriers. The paper presents five propositions regarding to what extent the theoretical green packaging concepts are applied in practice. To address the gap between theory and practice companies should: develop packaging solutions that contribute to a reduction of environmental impact from the consumer phase (for example through improved apportionment, user‐friendly and informative packaging); use local packaging adaptation as a strategy to address geographically varying transport, handling and waste management conditions; replace brand recognition through packaging size and shape with graphic design, high‐quality materials and printing. The results confirm that internal and external collaborations are important requirements for successful green packaging development. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Packaging Design: General Framework and Research Agenda

Traditionally, packaging design has had a subordinate role with respect to product design and production systems design; however, its impact on supply chain costs and performances can be devastating. Only in the past few years its strategic role has been recognized both in theory and in practice. Although packaging design research attracted considerable attention in the recent past, the purpose of this article is to broaden the field even further in two main directions. First, an attempt is made to review the status of literature on packaging design: a total of 89 articles published between 1990 and 2011 are reviewed and classified by content. In this contest, related International Standards are also presented and discussed, and a conceptual framework for packaging design is presented. Second, an agenda for future research in this area is provided. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

融绿色设计理念推包装设计发展

随着时代的进步和发展,人们越发重视生态文明建设,绿色、健康、与自然和谐共生等价值理念已经深入人心。在此背景下,商品的包装也需要坚持绿色设计路线,这样才能符合市场经济未来发展的需要,符合社会生态发展建设。本文就包装设计中绿色设计理念的融合路径进行探索,希望可以为包装设计的更好开展提供借鉴。     

基于消费心理的包装设计研究

目的 从消费心理出发探寻包装设计的有效路径。方法 由包装的基本功能入手,引出消费心理在包装中的重要作用,接着深入内部探寻包装设计与消费心理的相互关系,包括不同类型消费者的心理及其不同阶段的购买动机,借助这一特点分析基于消费者购买心理的包装设计策略,指出包装设计必须建立在深入调查消费者的消费需要和消费动机的基础之上,最大化地满足消费者普遍所持的心理特征,同时把握消费者消费心理的发展因素,最后将视线锁定在食品包装设计、养生产品包装设计、酒水包装设计等领域,分别探讨有效的设计策略。结论 从消费者的消费心理出发,在包装中融入相关元素,不仅能够美化商品外包装,吸引消费者的注意,还能使包装具备强大的营销功能,在传递商品信息的同时,达到促进消费的结果。