源于制鞋工业的固体废料处理(续)(英文)

4 RESULTS Results of factor experiments 23,i.e.2 levels for 3 experimental factors(temperature in 1st stage of hydrolysis,pH of reaction mixture in 3rd stage of hydrolysis and duration of 3rd stage of hydrolysis) are presented in Tab.2.From analysis of hydrolysate or of remaining chrome cake it is obvious that yield of nitrogen in hydrolysate,in dependence on fluctuating reaction conditions,ranged in quite narrow limits 58%-65%.     

Studies on the Stable Rice Flavoring Agent

The reaction flavor as the stabilized rice flavor enhancer,whice is in initial stage at home presently,was made by studying the essence of forming aromatic rice scented and imitating ways to form process flavor in natural foods.The steam volatile of flavoring rice was determined by sensory evaluation and GC-MS analysis.     

The Application of Surveying Biochemistry Light Instrument in the Reaction System of Starch with Mn^3＋

The possibility of the application of Surveying Biochemistry Light Instrument (SBLI)in the reaction system of starch with Mn^3 was studied.The results showed:neither starch nor initiator(Mn^3 )could produce light because no factor that could produce light existed in them.But starch could produce light when it was acted by Mn^3 and the intensity of light depended on the kind and concentration of starch,the amount of Mn^3 ,the temperature and pH of the reaction system.In addition,the intensity of light decreased with the reaction time because of the gradual disappearance of starch free radicals.     

Optimization on Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Sugarcane Trash for Ethanol Production

The present study was conducted for the optimization of pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass （sugarcane trash）, which is a renewable resource for the production of bioethanol. The pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis conditions including alkali （NaOH）/dilute acid （H2SO4）, substrate and chemical concentration for pretreatment, enzyme dosage, pH, temperature and substrate concentration for hydrolysis were varied and evaluated for sugar and ethanol production at the end. The optimum condition was accomplished using 15% w/v DS of 0-2 mm sugarcane trash in size of particle. It was pretreated with two steps of 2% w/v NaOH autoclaving followed by 2% w/v H2SO4 autoclaving with washing step after pretreatment. An enzymatic hydrolysis was then performed using 15% w/v DS pretreated substrate, hydrolyzed with cellulase 50 filter paper unit （FPU）/g DS at 50 ℃ and pH 5. After incubating at 160 r for 48 h, 117.16 g/L reducing sugar was obtained. The achieved sugar after enzymatic hydrolysis was finally fermented to ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR 5596, with concentration of 48.17 g/L ethanol or yield 0.509 g/g reducing sugars which was equal to 99.81% of theoretical yield.     

Extraction of Hemicellulose from Acacia Wood via Autohydrolysis and Ethanol Precipitation

Isolation and utilization of hemicellulose are important processes in the pulp mill-based biorefinery. Considering the potential end use of the hemicellulose,this study investigated the concentration of monomeric and oligomeric sugars in the hydrolysate derived from autohydrolysis of acacia wood and the obtainment of these sugars via ethanol precipitation. The rate of generation of monomers and oligomers increased dramatically with an increase of the temperature from 160℃ to 180℃. The maximum content of oligomers and total sugars was achieved under conditions of 180℃ and 10 min,170℃ and 85 min,respectively. Interestingly,the maximum yield of hemicellulose via ethanol precipitation was achieved in a much shorter time,compared with the maximum yield of oligomer from the hydrolysate by autohydrolysis. A 6. 66 g / L quantity of hemicellulose was obtained by intensifying the conditions of ethanol precipitation. The hemicellulose characteristics were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared,nuclear magnetic resonance,and ultraviolet spectroscopy,and the molecular weight was determined by gel permeation chromatography and thermal analysis.     

Longyuan Paper Invested RMB 250 Million for a 200,000 Tons Project

The 3rd project of Henan Longyuan Paper Co., Ltd. laid afoundation in Taikang Town, Zhoukou City, Henan Provinceon August 9, 2009. The project is to produce A-class high-     

Structure Elucidation of Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Homogenously Prepared from NaOH/Urea Aqueous Solution

Hydroxypropyl celluloses (HPC) were homogenously synthesized by the reaction of cellulose with propylene oxide in NaOH/urea aqueous solution.Water-soluble HPC with molar degree of substitution (MSNMR) in the range of 0.52～ 0.78 was prepared from microcrystalline cellulose,cotton linters,and spruce sulfite pulp.The structure of the HPC samples was characterized by means of FT-IR,NMR,gas chromatography (GC),and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analyses.Three types of cellulose samples with different molecular weights were found to dissolve well in the NaOH/urea solvent with no obvious differences in reactivity and regioselectivity.The relative reactivity of hydroxyl groups in the glycosyl unit was in the following order:O-6 ＞ O-2 ＞O-3.In addition,the results of the study indicated that the tandem reaction during hydroxypropylation could be ignored.     

热烫处理苹果片真空冻结特性

The vacuum freezing properties of blanched apple slices were investigated by comparing with traditional refrigerator freezing. Results showed that after 40 min vacuum freezing, a mass loss of 27.5% and the lowest frozen temperature of -27.6 ℃ were achieved in apple slices pretreated by blanching, while a mass loss of 22.9% and the lowest frozen temperature of -26.5 ℃ were obtained in non-blanched apple slices. The total process of vacuum freezing was divided into low pressure flash evaporation stage, ice crystal formation stage and deep freezing stage. Vacuum freezing caused less microstructural changes and less significant cell disruption and contributed to smaller thawing loss and weaker relative electrical conductivity in frozen-thawed apple slices in contrast to refrigerator freezing. Blanching pretreatment before freezing caused more severe damage to cell microstructure in apple slices than non-blanching pretreatment, resulting in a significant increase in thawing loss and relative electrical conductivity in frozen-thawed apple slices.     

脂肪酶及其在食品工业中的应用(英文)

Lipases(triacylglycerol acylhydrolases,EC 3.1.1.3) occur widely in nature.It catalyze the hydrolysis and the synthesis of esters formed from glycerol and long-chain fatty acids.Lipases are commercially significant,this article discusses the source,structure,character and preparative method,the applications of lipases in food industry are discussed too.     

Homogeneous Synthesis and Characteri-zation of Quaternized Cellulose Derivatives in NaOH-urea Aqueous Solutions

Quaternized cellulose( QC) derivatives were synthesized by reacting cellulose with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride( CHPTAC) in an aqueous solution of Na OH-urea. The chemical structures and physical properties of the obtained QC derivatives were characterized using nitrogen content analysis,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy( FT-IR),~1H-nuclear magnetic resonance(1H-NMR),X-ray diffraction( XRD),and thermal gravity analysis( TGA). The FT-IR and ~1H-NMR results confirmed the successful introduction of cationic quaternary ammonium groups into the main chain of cellulose. A series of QC derivatives with the degree of substitution( DS) values ranging from 0. 33 to 0. 80 were derived by adjusting the molar ratio of CHPTAC to anhydroglucose unit( AGU) of cellulose,concentration of cellulose in the Na OH-urea solution,as well as reaction temperature and time. According to the DS values of the QC derivatives,the optimized synthetic conditions were as follows: 25℃ reaction temperature,3% cellulose in Na OH-urea solution,the molar ratio of etherification agent to glycosidic cellulose of 15∶ 1,and 12 h reaction time. The TGA and XRD results revealed that the crystalline structure was destroyed during etherification,and the thermal stability of the QC derivatives was lower than that of cellulose.