Uncertainty measure for interval-valued belief structures

Interval-valued belief structures, as an extension of belief structures in classical evidence theory, are developed for better exploitation of uncertain and imprecise information. From the point of view of information theory, uncertainty measure of an interval-valued belief structure is critically important for information processing. However, it is still an open issue to measure its uncertainty. Besides discord and non-specificity, which hide in a precise belief structure, we claim that fuzziness is also associated with an interval-valued belief structure. In this paper, axiomatic requirements for uncertainty measure of interval-valued belief structure are defined. Then an uncertainty measure is proposed to measure the information conveyed by interval-valued belief structures. Its properties are mathematically proved. Finally, numerical experiments are employed to illustrate the performance of the proposed uncertainty measure. It is illustrated that the proposed uncertainty measure is sensitive to the change of belief structures, which might have beneficial effects on decision making.     

Measurability invariance,continuity and a portfolio representation

Galileo suggested that what is not measurable be made measurable. It is this principle which underscores an unwritten law of both the sciences and the social sciences that it is better to measure than not to measure. But, the assumption of measurability is rarely considered. In this paper, we consider a set of invariance and continuity conditions which a measure should satisfy. These conditions provide a test of whether a given mapping onto the real line constitutes a measure, and not simply an arbitrary mapping. They represent a test for measurability. In the social sciences, it is common to construct measures based on multi-dimensional attributes. In the paper, we characterise this multi-dimensional measurement as portfolios, with weights determined a priori. Measurement becomes a process of convergence towards a preferred measure which anchors the measurement. Measurement is valid if there is convergence to a measure satisfying the invariance and continuity conditions.     

系统误差对铝轮毂检测精度的影响分析

智能铝合金轮毂精密检测机是一种全自动化高档轿车铝合金轮毂高精密检测设备,设计检测精度远高于其关键部件的制造精度,采用适当的误差分离与补偿是保证良好性能价格比的重要措施.并且详细分析了铝轮毂装夹定位误差、测头移动定位误差,以及测量基准轴径向晃动和轴向窜动等系统误差对检测精度的影响,为采取相应的误差分离和补偿措施提供了理论依据,对保障检测精度具有重要意义.     

基于核模糊相似度度量的谱聚类算法

相似性度量的选择是谱聚类算法良好性能实现的关键。通常采用的谱聚类相似性的度量是基于高斯核函数的相似性度量。然而,谱聚类对这种相似度度量中的尺度参数非常敏感,并且确定一个合适的参数也很困难。另外,基于欧几里得的这种高斯核相似度度量无法有效反映复杂分布数据集的分布特点。针对此问题,通过利用基于核模糊C均值聚类算法得到的划分矩阵中隶属度的分布特点,提出了一个新的核模糊相似度度量,并将基于所提出的新的相似度度量的谱聚类算法(KFSC)应用于图像分割中。所提出的KFSC算法不仅克服了谱聚类对尺度参数敏感,而且解决了尺度参数很难确定的问题,获得更好的聚类效果。3个标准数据集、2个合成纹理图像及2个自然图像上的分割实验表明了所提出算法的有效性和鲁棒性。     

智能型复费率电能计量系统的设计与实现

为了方便供电部门按时段实施不同的计费标准,鼓励用户在低谷时用电,设计了一种MSP430F149单片机控制,基于新型电能测量专用芯片CS5460A的智能型复费率电子计量系统.该系统可靠性高,显示直观,兼有红外通信功能.具有测量精度高、稳定性好、过载能力强等显著优点.可为单相分时计费提供先进、可靠的计量工具.     

提高海上白天测星能力的方法研究

船载经纬仪是远洋航天测量船导航定位系统专用光学测量设备.该设备以电视跟踪和测量为基础,主要用于测量船执行海上卫星测控任务和校飞时提供精确的航向数据.通过昼夜测量恒星获取脱靶量解算航向角,修正惯性导航系统的航向差是船载经纬仪的主要功能.由于种种原因白天测星一直不很理想,本文从应用角度提出新的白天测星方法,并重点讨论了视频人工判读法.通过海上校飞及码头校飞的检验,可以提高白天测星的数量和星等,测量精度完全可以满足要求.     

轴向力的动态测量

通常在测量或计算某被测物所受的轴向力,非常简单;但若精确并实时地测量机械设备中的某零件运行时所受的轴向力,问题就复杂了.通过理论与现场两方面的详细分析论证,提出了简便精确的动态测试方法,对相关的工程设计有很强的指导意义.     

Optimal experimental design of STEM measurement of atom column positions

A quantitative measure is proposed to evaluate and optimize the design of a high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) experiment. The proposed measure is related to the measurement of atom column positions. Specifically, it is based on the statistical precision with which the positions of atom columns can be estimated. The optimal design, that is, the combination of tunable microscope parameters for which the precision is highest, is derived for different types of atom columns. The proposed measure is also used to find out if an annular detector is preferable to an axial one and if a C_s-corrector pays off in quantitative STEM experiments. In addition, the optimal settings of the STEM are compared to the Scherzer conditions for incoherent imaging and their dependence on the type of object is investigated.     

Control reconfigurability of bilinear systems

The objective of the methods within the framework of the plug-and-play process control, and particularly fault-tolerant control, is to establish control techniques that guarantee a certain performance through control reconfiguration at the occurrence of faults or changes. These methods cannot be effective without sufficient redundancy in the process. In this paper, a measure for control reconfigurability that reveals the level of redundancy in connection with feedback control is proposed for bilinear systems. The proposed control reconfigurability measure is the extension of its gramian-based analogous counterpart, which has been previously proposed for linear processes. First, the controllability and observability gramians for parameter-varying bilinear systems are introduced, and then the control reconfigurability measure is presented. This measure is calculated for the bilinear models of an electro-hydraulic drive to demonstrate its relevance to redundant actuating capabilities in the models.     

基于空气轴承的高精度圆度测量系统设计

利用高精度空气静压轴承和非接触位移传感器,设计了一套圆度测量系统,可以实现外圆柱面圆度的精密测量。该系统的圆度测量结果与英国TaylorHobson公司的高精度圆度仪测量结果对比表明,可以达到0．1μm以下的测量精度。多次测量证明,该系统测量结果重复性好、可信性高。     

Image sharpness measurement in the scanning electron-microscope--part III.

Fully automated or semi-automated scanning electron microscopes (SEM) are now commonly used in semiconductor production and other forms of manufacturing. Testing and proving that the instrument is performing at a satisfactory level of sharpness is an important aspect of quality control. The application of Fourier analysis techniques to the analysis of SEM images is a useful methodology for sharpness measurement. In this paper, a statistical measure known as the multivariate kurtosis is proposed as an additional useful measure of the sharpness of SEM images. Kurtosis is designed to be a measure of the degree of departure of a probability distribution. For selected SEM images, the two-dimensional spatial Fourier transforms were computed. Then the bivariate kurtosis of this Fourier transform was calculated as though it were a probability distribution. Kurtosis has the distinct advantage that it is a parametric (i.e., a dimensionless) measure and is sensitive to the presence of the high spatial frequencies necessary for acceptable levels of image sharpness. The applications of this method to SEM metrology will be discussed.     

14位并行A/D转换芯片AD9240的应用

AD9240是美国AD公司推出的一款14位带并行微机接口的A／D芯片。这种芯片非常适用于信号的幅值和频率动态范围大的测量系统。文中简要介绍了该芯片的结构特点，并结合笔者所设计的高频载波通道测试装置说明了AD9240的应用。     

Profile measurement of a wide-area resist surface using a multi-ball cantilever system

In the semiconductor industry, a device that can measure the surface profile of thin film like photoresist with high accuracy and high speed is needed. Since the surface of photoresist is very smooth and deformable, a device is required that will measure vertically with nanometer resolution and not damage the film during the measurement. We developed an apparatus using a multi-ball cantilever and white light interferometer to measure the surface profile of thin film. However, this system, as assessed with a scanning method, suffers from the presence of a moving stage and systematic sensor errors. Therefore, this paper describes an approach using a multi-ball cantilever as coupled distance sensors together with an autocollimator as an additional angle measuring device, which has the potential for self-calibration of a multi-ball cantilever. Using this method, we constructed an experimental apparatus and made measurements on resist film. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the constructed multi-ball cantilever system with the autocollimator for measuring thin film with high accuracy.     

基于模糊集相似度量的装载机臂方案选择方法

描述了模糊集之间的相似度量与加权相似度量方法，根据模糊集之间的相似度量提出了装载机臂方案的选择方法。在臂部机构方案选择中，模糊集之间的相似度量是评价机构设计方案接近期望方案（理想方案）的度量，相似度量值越大，机构设计方案越接近期望方案。通过实例阐明模糊集之间的相似度量在装载机臂的方案选择中是可行的。     

基于串口通讯的内压容器应力测定实验系统

内压容器应力测定实验是过程装备与控制工程专业的基本实验之一，本文采用计算机测试新技术介绍基于RS-232C串口通信实现的自动测试实验系统，给出了系统体系结构和软、硬件实现，并着重探讨了实验数据采集系统的实现。     

优化板料成形状态的新技术

为了解决一些形状复杂的薄板零件在实际生产中存在的问题，提出了优化板料成形状态的思想，介绍了一种既能有效地减小薄板成形时法兰面上流动阻力极大区域内的流动阻力，又不会增加起皱趋势，进而优化板料成形状态的新工艺措施。对这一措施进行了较为精确的有限元数值模拟和机理分析。     

基于labview的油罐液面高度监测系统

针对人工油罐液面高度测量不方便、不精确的问题利用NI公司开发的labvie平台设计了油罐液面监测系统,能够快速准确的测量油罐的液位和温度,达到了对油罐的实时监测.介绍了有关labview开发平台以及相关的数据采集实现方法.     

汽车风扇离合器全性能微机综合检测系统

汽车风扇离合器不仅是汽车节能的重要措施之一,也是保证汽车发动机在最佳温度下工作的温控系统。所以,离合器的性能好坏,直接影响发动机的正常工作。为提高汽车风扇离合器的产品质量,保证运行可靠性,我们参照“汽车硅油风扇离合器验收标准”,研制了汽车硅油风扇离台器全性能微机综合检测系统。试用结果表明,整个系统设计合理、可靠、手段先进,实现了自动在线综合检测,提高了工作效率和检测精度。     

SCR技术在国内车用柴油机上的应用

选择催化还原技术（SCR）是降低车用柴油机NOx排放的机外措施之一。阐述了SCR技术的机理、系统组成及工作原理,介绍了国内车用柴油机SCR技术的研究情况及还需解决的问题。     

A New Approach to Fuzzy Part-Family Formation in Cellular Manufacturing Systems

Group technology (GT) is one of the major issues in successful implementation of cellular manufacturing systems. The success of GT implementation depends only on an effective formation of part-families. The effective formation of part-families depends mainly on an effective formation of a similarity coefficient measure. Many similarity coefficients have been produced over the past three decades, but better similarity coefficient measures are required. The decision-making process in a manufacturing system often involves uncertainties and ambiguities. Under such circumstances, fuzzy methodologies have proved to be effective tools for taking fuzziness into consideration. In this paper, we use fuzzy cluster analysis to form part-families and assign parts to existing part-families. We have established a new approach to convert a fuzzy clustering matrix into a zero-one incidence matrix. We have also developed a new similarity coefficient measure and this coefficient measure is used to form a part-family. A mathemat-ical model that uses this similarity coefficient for solving optimally the part-family formation problems in cellular manufacturing is developed. Finally, it is compared with other models by giving an illustration with a numerical example.