乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

医药和农药纳米剂型研究和应用

系统介绍了医药和农药纳米剂型研究进展和应用前景。医药微乳剂和纳米悬浮剂可显著改善药物的悬浮性和分散性,提高生物利用度。载药纳米微粒具有缓释功能,延长药物在体内的半衰期,并可实现药物的靶向定位给药。农药微乳剂具有增溶和渗透作用,提高农药的传递效率和使用安全性。农药纳米悬浮剂和载药纳米粒均可显著提高药效。纳米技术为医药和农药剂型的研究提供了新机遇,具有广阔的应用前景。     

泡沫起泡性、稳定性及评价方法

本文论述了泡沫的两个基本性质:起泡性和稳定性。对起泡性和提高泡沫稳定性的方法作了评价。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

甘油锌和光稳定剂NBC、BZ的光稳定作用测试与评价

对用甘油锌作光稳定剂的光稳定作用进行了测试，并与光稳定剂NBC，BZ进行了比较。研究了甘油锌，NBC和BZ与双酚A的复配效果。研究结果表明，甘油锌是一种性能优良的光稳定剂。     

塑料挤出机螺杆,机筒耐磨损,耐腐蚀的强化与应用

对塑料挤出机,注塑机螺杆,机筒的磨损,腐蚀原因及提高螺杆,机筒耐磨损,耐腐蚀的方法、制造与应用作了较详尽的介绍。     

Modelling and simulation of batch and semi-batch emulsion copolymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate

This work deals with modelling of emulsion polymerization processes using batch and semi-batch reactors. Specific attention is paid to copolymerization of the system styrene/butyl acrylate.The main key parameters of the model are identified on the basis of batch experimental data in order to describe the complete sketch of emulsion polymerization. The model is then used to simulate, under several operating conditions, the polymerization rate, the global monomers conversion, the number and weight average molecular weights as well as the particle size distribution and the glass transition temperature. Then, the model is generalized to the use of semi-batch processes and validated for this application.     

Structure Elucidation and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Effect and Mechanism of Proanthocyanidins from Leaf and Fruit of Leucaena Leucocephala

This study aimed to investigate the structural features, antioxidant activity, tyrosinase inhibitory effect, and mechanism of proanthocyanidins from leaf and fruit of Leucaena leucocephala. MALDI-TOF-MS, thiolysis coupled with HPLC-ESI-MS, and ¹³C-NMR confirmed that these proanthocyanidins were complex mixtures of propelargonidins, procyanidins, and prodelphinidins. (Epi)catechin, (epi)gallocatechin, (epi)catechin gallate, and (epi)gallocatechin gallate were the main constitutive units. The findings obtained from enzyme analysis revealed that the proanthocyanidins had inhibitory effects on both monophenolase and diphenolase of tyrosinase. The IC₅₀ values of leaf and fruit proanthocyanidins were 73.5?±?2.7 and 52.3?±?3.5 µg/mL for monophenolase activity, and 27.2?±?1.4 and 16.1?±?1.1 µg/mL for diphenolase activity, respectively. The inhibition of diphenolase by proanthocyanidins were proved to be reversible and mixed type. In addition, it was also found from various antioxidant methods that the proanthocyanidins in leaf and fruit possessed potent DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC₅₀ values of 103.4?±?0.8 and 87.8?±?1.1 µg/mL, ABTS radical scavenging activity with IC₅₀ values of 72.9?±?0.4 and 65.7?±?0.9 µg/mL, and ferric reducing antioxidant power with FRAP values of 3.74?±?0.03 and 4.02?±?0.15?mmol AAE/g, respectively. The results obtained suggested that the proanthocyanidins from leaf and fruit of L. leucocephala might have the potential to be exploited as natural tyrosinase inhibitors and antioxidants.     

环境工程和给水排水工程实验和实习基地的建设

针对高校环境工程和给水排水工程实验和校内实习手段单一的现状,学校建立了这两个专业的工程性实验和校内实习基地.该基地包含两套工艺系统,可以分解成10余套流程,不仅可以开设十几个单元操作实验和多个工程性工艺实验,还作为学生可以动手操作的实习基地.经过实践证明,这种实验和实习模式可以提高学生的动手能力和创新能力.     

实施水泵节能技改 实现节能降耗

介绍了内蒙古亿利化学工业有限公司在满足生产的前提下,对现有的循环水泵实施的节能技改及效果。     

Antioxidative activity and phenolic composition of pilot-plant and commercial extracts of sage and rosemary

Eight sage (Salvia officinalis) and twenty-four rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) extracts, originating from pilot-plant or commercial sources, had different antioxidative activities as measured by accelerated autoxidation of methyl linoleate. Twenty-seven compounds were characterized in the Labiatae family extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with mass spectrometry, equipped with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface, and by HPLC coupled with a photodiode array spectrophotometer. Twenty-two compounds were identified, including phenolic acids, carnosol derivatives, and flavonoids. The extracts showed great variation in their HPLC profiles, and no correlation was apparent between their antioxidative efficiency and their composition, in twenty specific phenols. Data indicated that the most effective compounds were carnosol, rosmarinic acid, and carnosic acid, followed by caffeic acid, rosmanol, rosmadial, genkwanin, and cirsimaritin.     

塑料制品的安全和环保要求与抗氧剂的选择和应用

介绍了国内外关于塑料制品安全性和环保性的法律、法规等要求,对国内塑料抗氧剂生产、应用中存在的相关问题进行了分析和探讨。指出国内塑料制品的安全性和环保性不仅仅与生产技术和市场有关,还与公众的安全和环保意识有关。     

胺丙畏中顺式及反式异构体的分离与表征

利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对胺丙畏样品进行分离，鉴定出异构体的存在，通过NMR波谱仪进一步表征了顺式及反式异构体。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Biodegradability and Toxicity of Cellobiosides and Melibiosides

In 2014, almost 16 million tons of surfactants were used globally for cleaning and industrial applications. As a result, massive quantities disperse into environmental compartments every day. There is great market interest in developing highly biodegradable, less-toxic, and renewable alternatives to currently used petroleum-based surfactants. Glycolipid surfactants, composed of a sugar headgroup and lipid tail, are effective surfactants and emulsifiers with a high tolerance to electrolytes and are easily tailored to address specific needs. The green synthesis and surfactant characteristics of a suite of cellobiosides and melibiosides were recently described. The biodegradability and toxicity of 1°-alkyl-O-cellobiosides, 2°-alkyl-O-cellobiosides, and 1°-alkyl-O-melibiosides with straight-chain alkyl tails of 8, 10, and 12 are reported in this study. Biodegradability was assessed by quantifying mineralization (CO₂ evolution). All of the glycosides were inherently biodegradable and most were readily biodegradable according to OECD and US environmental protection agency (EPA) definitions. The Microtox acute toxicity assay showed both chain length and headgroup had significant effects on toxicity, but most of the molecules were practically nontoxic according to EPA definitions with EC₅₀ values >100 mg L⁻¹. Cytotoxicity to human lung (H1299) and keratinocyte cell lines (HaCaT) was measured by xCELLigence and MTS assays. Cytotoxicity values were comparable to similar glycosides previously reported. IC₅₀ values were determined but in general, exceeded surfactant concentrations that are found in the environment. These data demonstrate the promising nature of these molecules as green alternatives to petrochemical surfactants.     

膜的污染和劣化及其防治对策

较为系统地介绍了膜污染和劣化的定义和特点,因膜污染和劣化而造成的膜性能变化,以及如何预防、减少或清除膜污染和劣化的一些通用方法。