燃烧合成Mg2Ni的反应过程研究

采用自蔓延及热爆两种燃烧模式成功合成了较纯的Mg2Ni金属间化合物。通过对不同预热温度下热爆反应过程的考查，证实在较低温度下，Mg-Ni体系存在固-固反应，且反应的程度随预热速度的降低而增大。采用在试样项部添加Al-Ti—C引燃剂的方法，在圆柱形钢模具内成功淬熄了Mg—Ni反应。对不同区域的XRD分析表明反应直接生成了Mg2Ni而没有中间产物。结合SEM及EDS分析，燃烧合成Mg2Ni分为以下几个过程：（1）预热阶段的固-固反应过程；（2）燃烧阶段的液相反应过程；（3）燃烧完成阶段的产物冷却结晶过程；（4）保温阶段的成分均匀化过程。     

Mg(2-x)AlxNi的燃烧合成及其电极性能

采用燃烧合成法合成了三元镁基储氢合金Mg2-xAlxNi(x=0.1~0.5),XRD衍射研究表明合成产物中出现了具有Ti2Ni型立方结构的新相,SEM结果显示合金表面存在大量缺陷.Al元素部分替代Mg对Mg2Ni电化学性能影响的研究表明:Mg2-xAlxNi合金的电化学容量和循环寿命明显优于无Al的Mg2Ni,这归因于新相Mg3AlNi2的结构特点及形成的Al2O3保护层.此外,对合成产物的进一步的机械研磨有助于改进合金的活化行为及电极容量,但无助于循环能力的提高.     

Preparation of tungsten powder by the combustion of CaWC4/Mg

Tungsten powder was prepared by a Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis(SHS) Process of a CaWO₄-Mg mixture. Mg vapor was discovered to significantly affect such combustion parameters as the combustion temperature(T_c), the combustion velocity(U), the relative mass change(δm) and the relative elongation(δh) of the sample. These effects could be reduced by decreasing the internal Ar pressure, sample density and reducing agent content. The oxygen content in tungsten was decreased by using 5% excess Mg; the carbon content was diminished when the combustion process occurred under P_Ar=0.1 MPa. The MgO and CaO in the product was leached with an HC1 solution. Such parameters as combustion temperature(T_c), U, Am, and milling time(τ) were found to affect the tungsten particle size and morphology.     

TiF3对氢化燃烧合成Mg95Ni5放氢性能的影响

研究了TiF3的添加对氢化燃烧合成Mg95Ni5放氢性能的影响。添加1%(摩尔分数,下同)TiF3机械球磨10h可使Mg95Ni5的放氢性能达到最佳,在523K时,1800s内的放氢量可达到5.20%(质量分数,下同),并使放氢反应的表观活化能从Mg95Ni5的124kJ/mol降低到86kJ/mol。研究表明,TiF3的催化作用可归因于生成的MgF2和Tix+的氢化物减弱了Mg-H鍵。     

Mg含量对氢化燃烧合成MgH_2水解制氢性能的影响

系统研究了Mg的添加量及球磨时间对氢化燃烧合成(Hydriding Combustion Synthesis,HCS)Mg H2在Mg Cl2溶液中水解释氢动力学性能的影响。Mg H2-60%Mg(质量分数,下同)经3 h球磨后在5 min内释氢量为993 m L/g(转化率达80%),经15 min可完全水解,副产物为单一的Mg(OH)2。研究表明:镁的添加在降低制氢成本的同时,一方面可提高释氢动力学性能,另一方面也便于副产物回收再生。     

废旧阴极射线管玻璃高温自蔓延处理技术

将高温自蔓延反应原理应用于废旧阴极射线管(CRT)的处理,采用镁和氧化铁作为热剂,研究了废弃CRT玻璃高温自蔓延烧结合成玻璃陶瓷的可行性,考察了Fe_2O_3-Mg-CRT玻璃自蔓延体系的反应特性,探索了不同物料配比时燃烧波的传播规律.结果表明,系统维持自蔓延的CRT玻璃最大加入量为70%(质量分数,下同);燃烧波传播速率为0.5～6.5 mm/s,温度为1000～2000 ℃;两者均随CRT玻璃的加入量增加而呈线性降低.高温自蔓延合成样品主要构成相为玻璃陶瓷,可以实现铅的有效固定,处理后样品中铅的环境浸出率远小于相关国内和国际环境标准.     

镁合金压铸过程中的阻燃研究及其进展

综述了国内外在压铸过程中所采用的阻燃方法。在这些阻燃方法中,添加合金元素对镁合金阻燃具有明显作用,富Ce稀土的添加同样对镁合金的阻燃具有显著作用。试验结果表明富Ce稀土的添加可使镁合金起燃温度提高70℃。认为中国镁合金防燃的重点应放在普通冷室压铸机条件下通过添加稀土加以解决。     

磁场辅助烧结法制备La0.67Mg0.33Ni3储氢合金

采用磁场辅助烧结合成法（MASS）制备了化学计量比为La0.67Mg0.33Ni3的储氢合金,通过X射线衍射（XRD）、等温定容法（PCT）和差示扫描量热法（DSC）分析了合金的相结构和吸放氢性能。XRD结果显示：合金主相为PuNi3型结构的(La, Mg)Ni3,氢化后分解为以La2Ni7、MgNi2和LaNi3结构为主的复相产物,合金因吸氢发生晶格膨胀。PCT测试表明：1 T磁场下合成的合金在室温下具有最小的滞后系数（0.480）、最大的放氢量1.307（质量分数,%）,综合性能最优。该合金放氢DSC曲线上有2个交叠的吸热峰,分别对应于(La, Mg)Ni3和LaNi5氢化后的放氢过程。     

低温燃烧合成La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O2．85固体电解质粉末

低温燃烧合成工艺结合了溶液法和高温自蔓延合成超细粉末工艺的特点，可以在较低的温度下引发化学反应，并利用反应自身的放热效应维持反应的继续进行。在硝酸盐．柠檬酸体系中用该工艺直接合成了比表面积超过120m^2／g的La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.85固体电解质超细粉末。研究了硝酸盐溶液起始浓度和pH值对产物性能的影响。     

镁镍合金燃烧合成影响因素研究

综述了影响镁镍燃烧反应的两大因素：一是原料的影响，如原料的粒度、表面状态、混料方式、成型压力等；二是反应条件的影响，如温度、保温时间和氢压等。这些因素对燃烧合成Mg2NiH4的速度、改善合金性能以及将来可能实现工业化生产具有重要的意义。     

Synthesis and microstructure control of TiA1 via combustion synthesis

The rate-controlling reactions in the combustion synthesis of TiAl were studied using DTA and reaction furnace. It was demonstrated that the rate-controlling reactions vary with the combustion temperature. The effects of processing parameters on the homogeneity, densifieation, and microstructures of the products reacted in a hot press were investigated. The processing parameters include heating rate, thermal insulating layer between the mold and the sample, and heat treating temperatures. It is shown that that proper combustions of processing conditions and heat treatment of the combustion reaction products could lead to homogeneous and dense microstructures with duplex, or fully lamellar structures in a single processing step.     

Ni3Al金属间化合物自蔓延高温合成中的显微组织演变

为了研究用Ni粉和Al粉自蔓延高温合成(SHS)Ni3Al过程中的显微组织演变,用燃烧波淬熄法使蔓延的燃烧波自行熄灭,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及能谱仪(EDS)观察和分析了淬熄试样中的显微组织,测试了燃烧温度,并用X射线衍射(XRD)分析了合成产物的相组成.结果表明,合成反应开始于Al的熔化,从而使Ni粉粒开始部分溶解,Ni与Al原子间的互扩散导致Ni3Al反应扩散层在未溶解的Ni粉粒表面形成并逐渐增厚.该反应具有不完全性,可能是实验中使用了较粗的Ni粉和Al粉的缘故.     

Phase component and microstructure of laser-sintered Mg-Ni alloys

The Mg-Ni hydrogen storage alloys were prepared using the laser sintering technology.The effects of laser sintering power on the phase component and the weight loss of Mg element for the Mg-Ni alloys were investigated.The samples P1,P2 and P3 consisted of five phases:Mg2Ni,MgNi2,Mg,Ni and MgO.The weight loss of Mg element remarkably increased at 1200 W.The addition of extra Mg significantly promoted the reaction between Mg and Ni.Mg2Ni,MgNi2,and a small amount of Ni and MgO phases were present in the samples PM (pestle milling) and BM (ball milling).The sample PM has a homogeneous microstructure,and the contents of Mg2Ni and MgNi2 were approximately consistent with those of the Mg-Ni alloy under the equilibrium conditions.The maximum hydrogen storage capacity of the sample BM was 1.72 wt.% and the sample can be activated easily at 573 K (only 3 activation cycles).     

Synthesis of Ti(CN) powders by combustion reaction from Ti powder and a novel carbon-nitrogen precursor

Titanium carbonitride, Ti(C, N) has been prepared by combustion synthesis from Ti powder and a carbon-nitrogen precursor. The phase composition of the sample was investigated by X-ray diffraction. The scanning electron microscopy image indicates that the average size of the obtained Ti(C, N) particles was 3 μm.     

超重力对燃烧合成NiAl金属间化合物的影响

在超重力条件下，采用Ni、Al粉末为原料，燃烧合成NiAl金属间化合物。对所得产物进行了XRD、SEM分析、密度测定和晶粒尺寸计算。结果表明：超重力下燃烧合成所得产物为单相NiAl块体材料，断口晶粒变小，密度随离心力增大而增大，晶粒尺寸随离心力增大而减小，单一块体材料中晶粒尺寸自上而下减小。     

Synthesis of Ti5Si3-x Nb composites by the field-activated combustion method

The influence of an electric field on the combustion synthesis of Ti₅Si₃-x Nb composites (0≤ x ≤0.8) was investigated. Composites where x ≥ 0.8 can only be synthesized in the presence of a field. In the absence of a field, those systems where x=0.8 can result in a non-steady combustion wave causing an incomplete reaction. That is, an unstable wave propagates to the middle of the sample and then becomes extinguished. The wave velocity of the Ti₅Si₃-x Nb composites slightly increases with the imposition of an external electric field across the sample.     

Synthesis of nanocrystalline Gd doped ceria by combustion technique

High ionic conductivity of doped ceria at comparatively lower operating temperatures (650 °C) makes it suitable solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) electrolyte. In the present investigation, successful attempt has been made to synthesize Ce_0.9Gd_0.1O_1.95 (GDC10) solid solution by cost effective and simple chemical method of combustion where in the combustion of precursors results in the formation of nanoparticles relatively at lower processing temperature. The thermogravimetric study was carried out to understand the ignition temperature and optimize the fuel-to-oxidant ratio. The successful synthesis of single phase nanocrystalline GDC10 was confirmed by XRD, TEM and particle size analysis. Further SEM and surface measurements were carried out to confirm higher sample densities.     

合成温度对LiMn1.95Mg0．05O4结构与性能的影响

用柠檬酸辅助溶胶一凝胶法在不同温度下合成了LiMn1.95Mg0．05O4正极材料。用X射线衍射、充放电测试以及电化学阻抗谱分析技术研究了不同合成温度对LiMn1.95Mg0．05O4结构和电化学性能的影响。结果表明：合成温度对LiMn1.95Mg0．05O4正极材料的晶相结构、电化学性能有显著影响,LiMn1.95Mg0．05O4尖晶石相的生成和长大与其合成的温度有密切的关系,合成的最佳温度为750℃;在750℃条件下合成的LiMn1.95Mg0．05O4具有较高的电化学活性和较好的晶相结构;高温合成有利于提高LiMn1.95Mg0．05O4正极材料的放电容量,低温合成有利于提高其循环性能。     

SHS／PHIP法制备铁基平面TiC陶瓷涂层研究

用燃烧合成结合准热等静压技术（简称SHS／PHIP）在钢板表面制备金属陶瓷复合涂层。采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、能谱、硬度测定及抗热震性等实验对合成的涂层进行了研究。结果表明：涂层主要是由α-Fe相、TiC相组成多相金属陶瓷组成的复合体系，其显微组织均匀致密，与基体间为冶金结合，硬度是基体的4倍，抗热震实验显示涂层具有良好的结合力。     

Applications of carbonic acid solution for developing conversion coatings on Mg alloy

Works on exploring an environmentally clean method for producing an Mg,Al-hydrotalcite(Mg6Al2(OH) 16CO3·4H2O) layer and/or calcium carbonate(CaCO3) layer on Mg alloy in a carbonic acid solution system(aqueous HCO3-/CO3 2-or Ca 2+ /HCO3-) at 50℃ were reviewed.Conversion treatment for the Mg,Al-hydrotalcite conversion coating was as follows.Mg alloy was treated first in acidic HCO3-/CO3 2-aqueous for precursor layer formation on Mg alloy surface and then in alkaline HCO3-/CO3 2-aqueous to form a crystallized Mg,Al-hydrotalcite coating.Duration of an Mg,Al-hydrotalcite coating on Mg alloy surface was reduced from 12 h to 4 h by the conversion treatment.On the other hand,for reducing the formation time of CaCO3 coating on Mg alloy,the aqueous Ca 2+ /HCO3-with a saturated Ca 2+ content was employed for developing a CaCO3 coating on Mg alloy.A dense CaCO3 coating could yield on Mg alloy surface in 2 h.Corrosion rate(corrosion current density,Jcorr) of the Mg,Al-hydrotalcite-coated sample and CaCO3-coated AZ91D sample was 7-10μA/cm 2,roughly two orders less than the Jcorr of the as-diecast sample(about 200μA/cm 2) . No corrosion spot on the Mg,Al-hydrotalcite-coated sample and CaCO3-coated sample was observed after 72 h and 192 h salt spray test,respectively.