Cyclil Oxidation Behaviors of MoSi2 with Different Relative Density

The influence of different relative density on the cyclic oxidation behaviors of MoSi2 at 1 273 K were studied. "Pesting" was not found in all MoSi2 materials after being oxidized for 480 h. All samples exhibited continuous mass gain during the oxidation process. The mass gains of MoSi2 with the lowest relative density (78.6%) and the highest relative density (94.8%) are increased by 8.15 mg·cm2 and 3.48 mg·cm-2, respectively. The surface of the material with lower relative density formed a loose, porous and discontinuous oxidation scale, which accelerated oxygen diffusion and aggravated the oxidation process. However, a dense scale in the material with higher relative density is formed, which acts a diffusion barrier to the oxygen atoms penetrating into the matrix. The high temperature oxidation resistance of MoSi2 can be improved by increasing its relative density.     

Cyclic oxidation behaviors of MoSi<Subscript>2</Subscript> with different relative density

The influence of different relative density on the cyclic oxidation behaviors of MoSi2 at 1 273 K were studied. ＂Pesting＂ was not found in all MoSi2 materials after being oxidized for 480 h. All samples exhibited continuous mass gain during the oxidation process. The mass gains of MoSi2 with the lowest relative density （78.6%） and the highest relative density （94.8%） are increased by 8.15 mg·cm^-2 and 3.48 mg·cm^-2, respectively. The surface of the material with lower relative density formed a loose, porous and discontinuous oxidation scale, which accelerated oxygen diffusion and aggravated the oxidation process. However, a dense scale in the material with higher relative density is formed, which acts a diffusion barrier to the oxygen atoms penetrating into the matrix. The high temperature oxidation resistance of MoSi2 can be improved by increasing its relative density.     

包渗法制备硅化物涂层的结构形貌及形成机理

采用包渗法在C-103铌合金基体上制备MoSi2涂层,通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜和能谱分析等手段研究涂层表面、截面形貌以及氧化后涂层结构变化,并分析硅化过程中涂层的形成机理。研究结果表明：包渗法制备硅化物涂层是通过反应扩散形成的,硅化过程服从抛物线规律;该涂层为复合结构：MoSi2相为主体层;以NbSi2相为主、并含少量Nb5Si3相的两相为过渡区;Nb5Si3相为扩散层。在高温氧化环境下,涂层表面生成致密的非晶氧化层,有效地阻止了氧向涂层内扩散。     

Low-temperature oxidation behavior of MoSi_2 powders

The oxidation behavior of molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2) powders at 400, 500, and 600oC for 12 h in air were investi- gated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) techniques. Significant changes were observed in volume, mass, and color. Especially at 500oC, the volume expansion was found to be as high as 7-8 times, the color changed from black to yellow-white, and the mass gain was about 169.34% after 8 h, with SiO2 and MoO3 as main reaction products. The gains in volume and mass were less at 400 and 600oC compared with those at 500oC, probably due to the less reaction rate at 400oC and the formation of silica glass scale at 600oC, which would protect the matrix and restrain the diffusion of oxygen and molybdenum. Thus, the accelerated oxidation behavior of MoSi2 powder appeared at 500oC and the volume expansion was the sign of accelerated oxida- tion.     

Oxidation kinetics and high temperature in-situ observation of the oxidation behaviour of NbSi_2 at 1023 K

Pest oxidation has been known for a long time in refractory transition-metal disilicides such as NbSi2 and MoSi2[1―4]. However, the origin of pesting reaction of these materials is still under debate. Although the pesting phenomenon in NbSi2 has been reported in several works[5―7], a direct study of the mechanism is scarce at the moment. Compared to NbSi2, pesting in MoSi2 has received relatively extensive attention. Mckamey et al.[8] showed fragmentation near 773K occurred easily in as…     

Oxidation kinetics and high temperature in-situ observation of the oxidation behaviour of NbSi2 at 1023 K

By using high temperature optical microscopy, oxidation behaviors of poly-and single crystalline NbSi₂ were observed in-situ at 1023 K. The effects of micro-cracks, porosity and grain boundary on the oxidation behavior of NbSi₂ have been studied. The results indicate that new cracks initiate and extend from the pre-existing cracking areas in the arc-melted poly-crystalline specimen, leading to fragmentation after 220 min at 1023 K. However, although pores and grain boundary are the preferential oxidation site, they do not directly lead to fragmentation during oxidation, indicating that the pre-existing cracks in specimen are the key reason to pesting. The oxidation kinetics of the studied NbSi₂ specimens corresponds well with the in-situ observation.     

加热温度对铸态Ti1100氧化及表面形貌的影响

研究了铸态Ti1100在不同温度下保温5小时的氧化增重和表面形貌.结果表明,随着加热温度的升高,铸造Ti1100氧化加重.300℃基本不氧化;500℃-700℃,Ti1100试样增重0.28-0.62%;1100℃氧化增重严重,达到12.73%;钛的氧化增重为吸氧.用JSM-6360LV型扫描电子显微镜观察试样表面形貌,300-600℃氧化膜极薄且致密;700℃试样表面有少量的氧化腐蚀坑,表面较致密;900℃试样表面有较多的突起氧化层,表面不致密;1100℃氧化层为板片状TiO2.氧化过程为高温时,氧化膜晶粒粗大变得疏松,氧通过氧化膜扩散进基体.     

掺P2O5水泥基材料水化动力学研究

基于水化动力学模型,采用SEM、XRD和C-80Ⅱ型导热式微量热仪研究了硅酸盐水泥和掺P2O5硅酸盐水泥胶凝体系的水化特性和水化动力学,分析了P2O5对硅酸盐水泥水化机制的影响规律。研究结果表明,掺入P2O5后硅酸盐水泥的水化产物数量和尺寸显著减小。P2O5掺量为3．5％时,硅酸盐水泥熟料水化热总量降低32．6%,硅酸盐水泥的初凝和终凝分别被延缓1．10h和12．54h。掺入P2O5复合体系的水化机制与硅酸盐水泥类似,加速期由自动催化反应控制,减速期由自动催化和扩散反应双重反应控制,稳定期扩散反应占据主导。P2O5会增加硅酸盐水泥在加速期和减速期的水化反应阻力,减小稳定期的水化反应阻力。掺入P2O5后,水泥在加速期和减速期的表观活化能增加,稳定期表观活化能略有降低P2O5溶液环境有利于水泥熟料C3A的水化,延缓C3S和C2S的水化。     

多级厌氧、好氧、缺氧交替SBR工艺脱氮除磷试验启动研究

目的研究多级厌氧、好氧、缺氧交替SBR新型反应器进行脱氮除磷的启动过程.方法采用接种法培养活性污泥,注入待处理污水,固定装置运行周期,通过调整厌氧、好氧、缺氧时间分配和交替次数对SBR工艺脱氮除磷效果进行研究.结果SBR工艺的运行参数为厌氧（含进水）1.5 h→好氧2 h→缺氧1.5 h→好氧0.5 h→缺氧1 h→好氧0.5 h→静置沉淀1 h,好氧的总时间为3 h,缩短了2 h,节约了40%的曝气量.对COD、TN、TP的平均去除率均已高达97.34%、90.78%、92.14%.污泥容积指数SVI由接种污泥的198.1降至最终污泥培养驯化第Ⅳ阶段的71.结论温度控制在（23±2）℃条件下,采用接种法培养驯化活性污泥2个月就能完成污泥培养驯化,满足污水处理要求.     

First-principle investigation on electronic structures and elastic properties of Al-doped MoSi_2

The electronic structures and elastic properties of Al-doped MoSi2 were calculated using the plane wave pseudo-potential method based on the density functional theory,in which the generalized-gradient approximation(GGA) was used to describe the exchange-correlation potential.Starting from the elastic constants,bulk modulus,shear modulus,elastic modulus and Poisson ratio of Al-doped MoSi2 were obtained by using the Hill method.The results indicate that conductivity of Al-doped MoSi2 is improved to some extent in comparison with that of pure MoSi2 due to the orbit hybridization of Mo 4d,Al 3p and Si 3p electrons.In addition,calculations show that the elastic modulus and the brittleness of Al-doped MoSi2 are smaller than those of pure MoSi2,which implies that it is feasible to toughen MoSi2 by doping Al.The agreement of the conclusion with experiment shows that the present theory is reasonable.     

不同Si含量的Cu-Si合金在纯O_2中的高温氧化行为

为了研究Si的添加量对Cu高温氧化行为的影响,采用电弧熔炼（CA）方法制备2种成分的Cu-Si合金（CA Cu-0.15Si、CA Cu-1.3Si）,并研究它们在700℃和800℃纯O2中的高温氧化行为.结果表明：2种成分的Cu-Si合金氧化后均形成了CuO→Cu2O→Cu2O＋SiO2→内氧化区结构的氧化膜,均未形成连续的SiO2保护膜.随着温度的升高,相同成分的Cu-Si合金氧化速度明显提高.相同温度下随着Si含量的增加,Cu-Si合金的氧化速度明显下降.     

高速车削钛合金刀具宏-介观扩散磨损特性

为了研究不同合金成分对刀具磨损的影响机理,利用宏-介观跨尺度关联法及分子动力学理论,采用YG8、YT15及YW2刀具高速车削钛合金,探明刀具宏观热力学特性及磨损特征,分析了三种材料在切削过程中原子群乱序程度,揭示了不同刀具材料原子群扩散特征.结果表明:YW2前刀面温度最高,原子群乱序运动类型已达到晶面解理,向内扩散程度高,扩散磨损严重;YG8和YT15原子群密度和能量稳定,原子群乱序运动类型为微裂纹扩展,向外扩散程度低,扩散磨损较小.三种材料刀具在高速车削过程中扩散磨损程度由高到低依次为YW2YT15YG8.     

湿法烟气脱硫锰催化对亚硫酸钙氧化的影响

采用机械搅拌槽式反应器,研究了湿法烟气脱硫环境下锰催化对亚硫酸钙氧化的影响.模拟实验得出湿法烟气脱硫环境下亚硫酸钙的锰离子三相催化氧化遵循并行反应机理,锰离子的催化氧化反应对Mn2+浓度是0.5级.浆液量浓度小时,反应速率受锰离子浓度控制,而不是非催化氧化受亚硫酸钙溶解速率的控制.反应器内pH值为5.0、浆液量浓度＞50 mol/m3时,Mn2+催化作用不增强氧化反应速率.反应器内pH值为5.5、浆液浓度＞55 mol/m3时,1 mol/m3的Mn2+催化作用使亚硫酸钙的氧化从非催化氧化的受溶解度控制转变为受氧的扩散传质的控制.     

煤自燃倾向性的氧化动力学测定方法研究

通过煤自燃过程中的绝热氧化升温速率、耗氧量、交叉点温度的综合分析研究,指出以煤自燃某一阶段的单一特征参数无法体现煤自燃过程的整体特性,提出了煤自燃倾向性的氧化动力学测定方法.该方法在测试程序升温条件下煤样温度70℃时煤样罐出气口氧气浓度和之后的交叉点温度的基础上,得出煤自燃倾向性的氧化动力学综合判定指数,根据该指数的大小判定煤自燃倾向性的强弱.对不同煤种的综合判定指数与绝热氧化、30℃物理吸氧量对比分析,结果表明氧化动力学综合判定指数更能够反映煤自燃的难易程度.     

Study on High Power MH/Ni Battery for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Metal hydride-nickel cell is one of the best choices for hybrid electric vehicle for its high specific energy density, security, reliability and renewability. However, its poor capability under high temperature and low specific power restrict its applications. Our studies on the metal hydride-nickel cell with different loading densities show that Ni(OH)₂ with CoOOH has good oxidation and reduction properties and proton spread rate when the loading density is 0.617kg/m². The power density and energy density can be as high as 1250W/kg and 49.4W ·h/kg respectively when Ni(OH)₂ with CoOOH was used in high power battery with the nickel foam.     

High temperature cyclic oxidation behavior of Y2O3-ZrO2 thermal barrier coatings irradiated by high-intensity pulsed ion beam

The high-temperature oxidation resistance behavior of 7% (mass fraction) Y₂O₃-ZrO₂ thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) irradiated by high-intensity pulsed ion beam (HIPIB) was investigated under the cyclic oxidation condition of 1 050 °C and 1 h. The columnar grains in the TBCs disappear after the HIPIB irradiation at ion current densities of 100–200 A/cm² and the irradiated surface becomes smooth and densified after remelting and ablation due to the HIPIB irradiation. The thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer thickness of the irradiated TBCs is smaller than that of the original TBCs. After 15 cycles, the mass gains of the original TBCs and those irradiated by ion current densities of 100 and 200 A/cm² due to the oxidation are found to be 0.8–0.9, 0.6–0.7, and 0.3–0.4 mg/cm², respectively. The inward diffusion of oxygen through the irradiated TBCs is significantly impeded by the densified top layer formed due to irradiation, which is the main reason for the improved overall oxidation resistance of the irradiated TBCs. Foundation item: Projects supported by The 2nd Stage of Brain Korea and Korea Research Foundation     

Kinetic Equation for Internal Oxidation of Cu-Al Alloy Spheres

The kinetics of internal oxidation of Cu-Al alloy spheres, containing up to 2.214% mole fraction Al was investigated in the temperature range 1 023 K to 1 273 K, and the depth of internal oxidation was measured in the microscopy. A kinetic equation was derived to describe the internal oxidation of Cu-A1 alloy spheres, which was checked experimentally by means of oxidation depth measurements. The results show that the derived equation is exact enough to describe the kinetics of internal oxidation of Cu-Al alloy spheres. Based on this equation and the oxidation depth measurements, the permeability of oxygen in solid copper has been obtained. Investigation also shows that in the process of internal oxidation, there is no evidence for preferential diffusion along grain boundaries.     

MoSi2电热材料表面氧化层裂纹的形成机制

研究了在周期加热氧化条件下MoSi2电热材料表面氧化层中裂纹的形成机制 .发现表面层中SiO2 析出晶体以后 ,裂纹沿析出晶体的边界发展 ,一般不穿过晶体本身 .氧化动力学曲线的变化规律符合对数关系 .表面氧化物的摩尔体积明显大于基体的摩尔体积 ,是氧化层产生内应力和引起开裂的主要原因之一     

Kinetics of Internal Oxidation of Cu-Al Alloy Plate

The kinetics of internal oxidation of dilute Cu-Al alloys, containing up to 2.214% molar fraction Al, was investigated over the temperature range of 1023K to 1273K, and the depth of internal oxidation was measured by microscopies. A modified rate equation was derived to describe the kinetics of internal oxidation of Cu- Al alloy plate. Based on the derived equation, the permeability of oxygen in solid copper was obtained from the internal oxidation measurements. The experimental results show that the depth of the internal oxidation is a parabolic function of time, there is no evidence for preferential diffusion along grain boundaries and an outer layer of pure copper was formed on the external surface of samples.     

锂离子电池负极材料 Na2Li2Ti6O14的嵌脱锂过程动力学研究

为了研究钛酸钠锂(Na2Li2Ti6O14)负极材料嵌脱锂的动力学行为,用溶胶-凝胶法合成 Na2Li2Ti6O14负极材料,采用 X 射线衍射法(XRD)和电子显微镜(SEM)分别对材料进行物相分析和微观形貌的观察.采用恒流充放电测试、循环伏安法(CV)和恒电流间歇滴定法(GITT)研究了 Na2Li2Ti6O14的电化学性能和嵌脱锂过程动力学.研究结果表明,制备的 Na2Li2Ti6O14材料纯度高,结晶度良好,循环稳定性好;由不同扫描速率的循环伏安法测出的 Na2Li2Ti6O14中锂离子在氧化、还原峰对应的化学扩散系数 Da和 Dc分别为7.3×10-11和7.8×10-11cm2/s;由恒电流间歇滴定技术测得的锂离子在 Na2Li2Ti6O14电极中的扩散系数为10-11~10-8cm2/s.