含铜、铁离子废水的硫化沉淀浮选

为了寻求我国广大铜矿山酸性废水的有效治理途径，对江西某大型铜矿山含铜、铁离子的人工模拟废水及实际矿山废水进行了处理研究．模拟废水组成为ｐＨ２．２，Ｃｈ（２＋）１３０ｍｇ／Ｌ，Ｆｅ（３＋）（或Ｆｅ（２＋））５００ｍｇ／Ｌ，研究表明：以铜的化学当量加Ｎａ２Ｓ于含Ｃｕ（２＋）、Ｆｅ（２＋）人工废水中，以及以铜的３．４倍化学当量加ＮａＳ于含Ｃｕ（２＋）、Ｆｅ（３＋）人工废水中，丁黄药作捕收剂（用量４０ｍｇ／Ｌ），自然ｐＨ条件下（ｐＨ２．０），铜的去除率高达９９．７％，残余波渡低于０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ，而铁的去除率几乎为０；将浮铜后的尾液再进行ｐＨ调整至８．０时，沉淀过滤，铁的沉淀率达９８％以上，残余浓度低于１０ｍｇ／Ｌ．实际矿山酸性废水实验证明，采用硫化沉淀浮选回收铜─调整ｐＨ沉铁的工艺流程，能使处理后出水水质低于污水综合排放一级标准，浮铜的精矿品位为３７．１２％，具有回收价值，还进行了有关溶液化学计算和机理探讨。     

河南某雄黄—雌黄矿石的选矿富集

河南某雄黄矿矿石用食用油作捕收剂,浮选精矿获得含砷63.88％,回收率81.17％的较好指标。由于雄黄矿物的可浮性好,所以捕收剂的用量低,仅为25g/t。该雄黄矿石性脆易泥化,需要四次精选才能得到合格的砷精矿。而雌黄矿物的可浮性差,浮选时大部分残留在尾矿中,砷的损失较大,因而雌黄矿物的回收有待进一步研究。     

贵州省煤系硫铁矿石选矿试验

贵州煤系硫铁矿石矿物组分简单、易选，用单一的重选法和浮选法都能获得较好的分选指标，尤以重浮联合流程分选为佳。采用中矿再磨再选流程可以获得含硫45％的硫精矿．制酸后的烧渣含铁大于60％，可炼铁综合回收铁资源。     

白云鄂博尾矿中萤石浮选工艺研究

本文通过一系列检测与试验,针对白云鄂博矿选铁和选别稀土后的尾矿提出了两段磨浮回收萤石的工艺流程。第一段控制磨矿细度-500目质量分数在60%左右,采用1粗2精的工艺流程,以SF-1#为捕收剂,水玻璃为抑制剂,可以有效分离硅酸盐矿物和硅铝酸盐矿物;第二段控制磨矿细度-500目质量分数在72%左右,采用1粗6精的工艺流程,以SF-1#为捕收剂,酸化水玻璃为抑制剂,可以有效分离含有钡、钙、镁等金属元素的碳酸盐矿物、硫酸盐矿物及磷酸盐矿物,最终得到了CaF2品位为95.52%、回收率为60.6%的萤石精矿。     

胶磷矿双反浮选工艺研究

对湖北某地镁硅含量较高的难选胶磷矿采用阴离子捕收剂反浮镁、阳离子捕收剂反浮硅的双反浮选工艺,取得了磷精矿P2O5品位32.51%、回收率91.23%、MgO含量0.87%、R2O3含量2.37%的良好指标,实现了胶磷矿与白云石、长石等杂质矿物的有效分离.     

攀枝花某选铁尾矿钛回收工艺

通过单矿物实验、人工混合矿实验、实际矿石浮选研究了攀枝花某选铁尾矿中钛的回收情况.结果表明以SYB~(2#)为捕收剂,CMC为抑制剂能将钛铁矿与辉石分离.钛磁铁矿、黄铁矿可浮性比钛铁矿好而极易进入产品中影响精矿品位,钛铁矿回收应预先除铁脱硫.采用预先除铁脱硫、脱硫尾矿粗选-精选-扫选-中矿单独处理的流程,由TiO_2含量11.81%的原矿得到钛品位47.08%、回收率为54.37%的4级标准钛精矿.     

阴-阳离子捕收剂浮选铁尾矿中低品位云母的试验研究

云母是一种重要的非金属矿物资源,以云南铁尾矿中的低品位云母为研究对象,通过化学分析、X射线衍射(XRD)分析和矿物参数自动定量分析(MLA)对原样进行了工艺矿物学研究,白云母是主要的目的矿物,黑云母少量存在,脉石矿物主要为石英、钠长石、赤铁矿和绿泥石.本文重点研究了不同阴-阳离子捕收剂组合、阴-阳离子捕收剂的配比和捕收剂用量等对云母浮选的影响,十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)和十二胺(DDA)为最佳的捕收剂组合,其最佳的用量配比为2∶1、最佳用量分别为40 g/t和20 g/t.再磨能有效提升粗精矿的回收率,最佳的再磨细度为-45 μm占90％.最终,采用一粗一扫五精的浮选闭路流程,可获得钾的品位和回收率分别为7.82％和64.74％的云母精矿.XRD及化学分析显示,云母在精矿中得到了较好的富集.     

磷矿选矿药剂在巴西铌矿反浮选脉石矿物中的应用研究

通过选用磷矿选矿中成熟的选碳酸盐捕收剂PA-2、选硅酸盐捕收剂MAC,在不脱泥的条件下,对巴西博阿维斯塔铌矿中的碳酸盐和硅酸盐脉石矿物进行反浮选,采用先反浮选碳酸盐矿物(脱碳)再反浮选硅酸盐矿物(脱硅)的工艺流程,在条件试验确定的药剂制度下进行了闭路试验,结果表明:当碳酸盐矿物和硅酸盐矿物排除率为63.48%时,可以排除96.28%的P_2O_5、94.60%的S,Nb_2O_5损失率仅为20.29%。试验结果明显优于现场两个生产厂的选别指标。该流程一方面减少了Nb_2O_5在矿泥中的损失,从而保证了进入浮选作业的铌金属量;另一方面先选碳酸盐矿物,能在碳酸盐矿物浮选段排除较多的矿泥,减轻了矿泥对硅酸盐矿物浮选的影响,并且该选别流程在高效排除碳酸盐矿物和硅酸盐矿物的同时,也兼顾了杂质磷矿物和硫矿物的排除,达到了在提高铌精矿回收率的同时降低铌精矿中磷和硫杂质含量的目的。     

C11A7.CaCl2和3C2S.3CaSO4.CaF2的水化性能研究

合成了Ｃ１１Ａ７．ＣａＣｌ２和３Ｃ２Ｓ．３ＣａＳＯ４．ＣａＦ２两种矿物，借助ＸＲＤ，ＳＥＭ等测试手段，研究了这二种矿物及其以１：１掺合时的水化历程，结果表明，矿物３Ｃ２Ｓ．３ＣａＳＯ４．ＣａＦ２水化能力较弱，但与Ｃ１１Ａ７．ＣａＣｌ２共掺时，其水化活性可以大大地得到激发。     

云南某含锡多金属硫化矿选矿实验研究

对云南某含锡多金属硫化矿进行了工艺矿物学和选矿实验研究. 结果表明,矿石中铅锌品位低,铅、锌矿物相互交代、包裹,嵌布粒度不均匀,采用优先浮铅、再选锌的原则流程,利用铅矿物与锌、硫矿物间可浮性差异较大的特点,采用石灰、亚硫酸钠和硫酸锌抑制锌、硫,以乙基黄药为铅捕收剂优先浮选铅矿物,选铅尾矿用硫酸铜作活化剂活化闪锌矿选锌;锡矿物与黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿等矿物共生关系复杂,且嵌布粒度较细,选锌尾矿经脱硫浮选后采用重磁联合流程回收锡矿物. 通过闭路实验,得到含铅40.92%、银1610.53 g/t、铅回收率81.25%、银回收率77.03%的铅精矿,锌精矿含锌43.23%、回收率为85.92%,硫精矿含硫42.57%,作业回收率为87.65%,锡精矿含锡42.38%,作业回收率为59.29%.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.