锈蚀输电线路铁塔的漆前处理

研究了一种用于锈蚀镀锌钢板表面的磷化处理剂。通过正交实验和单因素实验获得了最佳配方:200 mL/L磷酸,60 mL乙醇,3.0 mL/L OP-10,1.0 g/L氧化锌,1.5 g/L螯合剂,2.5 g/L硝酸镍,2.5 g/L硝酸锰,1.0 g/L氯酸钠,2.0 g/L氟化钠。该磷化液能把锈层直接转化为保护膜,同时磷化锌层,所得的磷化膜耐硫酸铜点滴试验2~3 m in,NaC l浸泡试验超过15 h,附着力≤1。耐蚀性能实验48 h,漆膜无起泡、脱落和锈蚀现象。膜重:锈蚀板14~24 g/m2,热镀锌板5~8 g/m2。室内挂片试验6个月无返锈。该磷化液适用于锈蚀钢材、泛锈蚀镀锌钢材和完好锌层钢材。     

金黄色磷化膜常温制备与耐蚀性能研究

为提高磷化膜的装饰效果以满足特殊场合的需要,通过正交试验优化了一种能在常温下获得金黄色磷化膜的磷化液配方,用正交试验极差分析法、目测法和硫酸铜溶液点滴试验分别研究了溶液主要成分、pH、温度及磷化时间等因素对磷化膜外观和耐蚀性的影响。其磷化液组成为:3.0 g/LHO-R-COOH、3.5 g/L促进剂、3.0 g/LNa3PO4.12H2O、4.8 g/LZn2+、1.2 g/LMn(H2PO4)2.2H2O、13.6 mL/L H3PO4。最佳磷化工艺参数:θ=25~31℃,pH=2.34~2.84,t=15~20min。     

镀锌钢板磷化液组分对磷化膜性能的影响

研究了中温磷化液组分Zn2 、Mn2 、Ni2 、F–对镀锌板磷化膜重和耐碱性的影响。通过正交实验确定了最佳磷化配方:2.5g/LZn2 ,2.0g/LMn2 ,0.8g/LNi2 ,1.5g/LF–,20g/L促进剂。据此配方得到的磷化膜外观呈浅灰色,表面均匀,膜厚30~33μm,膜重5~8g/cm2,硫酸铜点滴时间大于30s,3%(质量分数)NaCl浸泡100h无锈点。     

超声波作用下钢铁常温磷化影响因素研究

本文在超声波作用下,对钢铁表面进行常温磷化处理,以提高钢铁表面耐蚀性能。研究以磷化膜外观及耐蚀性为考察指标,通过单因素实验,首先考察了常温磷化液中氧化锌、磷酸、硫酸羟胺(HAS)、硝酸锰、柠檬酸等组分对超声磷化的影响,其次考察了磷化方式对磷化膜性能的影响,最后测试了磷化液使用寿命。结果表明,磷化液组成为氧化锌15 g/L、磷酸80 g/L、硫酸羟胺12 g/L、硝酸锰4 g/L、柠檬酸2 g/L时,超声磷化膜外观及耐蚀性最好,此时磷化膜为灰黑色,膜层连续、均匀、致密,耐蚀时间可达217 s;磷化方式中常温超声磷化比常温静止磷化效果更佳,前者外观及耐蚀性比后者优越;磷化液寿命测试发现,当磷化次数超过9次时,制备的磷化膜耐蚀时间开始低于60 s,此时磷化液已经失效,累计磷化面积为0.3 m~2/L。     

钢铁件涂装前铁系磷化工艺研究

通过正交试验优选出一种新的常温铁系磷化工艺:氧化锌0.5g/L,磷酸5mL/L,酒石酸0.5g/L,马日夫盐0.5g/L,氟钛酸5.0g/L,氟锆酸1.5g/L,铬明矾5.0g/L,硫脲2.0g/L,钼酸钠0.75g/L,成膜时间6.0min。该磷化液游离酸度为3,总酸度为17。经此磷化液磷化后的冷轧钢铁试片表面磷化膜的致密性和耐腐蚀性与普通铁系磷化相比均有提高,耐硫酸铜点滴时间达50s,后续漆膜的附着力为0级,冲击强度为50kg·cm。该磷化液不含亚硝酸钠,可常温处理,沉渣少,成本低,可与各种涂装工艺配合使用。     

新型磷化液的研制

采用正交试验法优选了磷化液最佳配方为217g/L磷酸,50g/L氧化锌,40g/L磷酸二氢钠,3g/L钼酸铵,2g/L植酸,1.5g/L乙酸锰,4.5g/L氧化促进剂DJ1,1.5g/L低温促进剂DJ2,3g/L复配表面活性剂DJ3。所得磷化膜经金相显微镜观察,其金相结构致密、连续。通过电化学方法测试成膜过程的极化曲线,表明磷化过程成膜后,腐蚀电流基本保持不变。利用X射线光电子能谱测定膜表面的元素组成,发现Zn、Fe、P的不同峰值的能谱,及O的能谱峰及俄歇能谱同时存在,说明磷化膜主要是由Fe、Zn的多种磷酸盐构成。该磷化液稳定,沉渣少,成膜速度快,磷化膜耐蚀性能好。     

一种常温锌镍锰系磷化液研究

研究了一种可应用于汽车活塞环的新型常温锌镍锰系磷化液。考察了溶液组分及工艺参数对磷化膜耐蚀性能的影响,采用硫酸铜点滴试验方法对磷化膜耐蚀性能进行了测试和评价,确定了最佳磷化工艺。研究表明,该磷化液可降低生产成本,而且环保,具有良好的工业应用前景。     

AZ91D镁合金磷化工艺的研究

通过浸泡式磷化处理在AZ91D镁合金表面沉积一层致密、均匀、结合力好的磷化膜。采用单因素试验法,得到磷化液的最佳配方和工艺条件为:ZnO 2g/L,H_3PO_420g/L,NaF 1g/L,Na_2C_4H_4O_64g/L,NaNO_36g/L,柠檬酸0.25g/L,pH值3.0,磷化温度45℃,磷化时间20min。同时,确定添加剂为焦磷酸钠(TSPP),并且当其质量浓度为0.5g/L时,磷化膜的耐蚀性最好。     

阴极电泳无镍磷化工艺的开发及配套性能研究

介绍了一种阳离子为锌和锰的磷化液,可以满足阴极电泳配套性要求的无镍磷化工艺。通过对磷化膜膜重,溶出率、结晶形貌、膜成分、电泳后漆膜附着力、抗,中击、耐腐蚀等性能进行比较分析,结果表明在锌离子1．2g／L、锰离子O．8g／L、磷酸根16．0g／L的磷化工艺条件下形成的磷化膜性能指标符合阴极电泳配套要求,与常规锌锰镍系磷化膜基本无差别,性能指标远远高于高锌磷化工艺磷化膜。磷化膜的主要性能指标：P比为85．53％,膜重为3．2g／m2,晶型呈粒状,晶粒大小为3～4μm,磷化膜电泳溶出率为3．7％,附着力和冲击试验均合格,磷化膜与电泳漆复合膜（厚度为20．3μm）盐雾试验500h,单边扩展小于1mm,表面无气泡。     

钢铁件磷化-氧化复合处理工艺及膜层性能

将钢铁件磷化与氧化(双槽)两大工艺结合起来,开发了一种新型转化膜生产工艺。磷化液配方和工艺条件为:磷酸二氢锌30~40 g/L,硝酸锌90~120 g/L,硝酸锰10~20 g/L,总酸80~90点,游离酸2~3点,常温,时间10 min。第一槽氧化液配方和工艺条件为:NaOH 550~600 g/L,NaNO_2 100~150 g/L,温度130~150℃,时间25~35 min。第二槽氧化液配方和工艺条件为:NaOH 600~650 g/L,NaNO_2 150~200 g/L,温度135~140℃,时间25~35 min。该复合转化膜具备磷化膜与氧化膜的优点,平整光滑,厚而耐腐蚀,经过长久磨损后依旧耐腐蚀。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。