电沉积法制备纳米晶Ni-Co合金镀层

在氨基磺酸盐镀液体系中,采用电沉积法制备了纳米晶镍镀层和四种纳米晶Ni-Co合金镀层,采用FESEM、EDS和XRD表征了镀层的表面形貌、成分和晶体结构。结果表明,镍镀层和四种Ni-Co镀层的晶体结构都是简单面心立方结构;与镍镀层相比,Ni-Co合金镀层的平均晶粒尺寸减小,且当镀层钴含量为41.3%时,Ni-Co合金的平均晶粒尺寸最小为14.6 nm。在一定范围内,钴含量的增加有利于改善Ni-Co合金镀层的表面质量以及实现晶粒细化。     

电沉积制备Ni-Co合金镀层的成核过程研究

在氨基磺酸盐镀液中,采用电沉积技术制备了Ni-Co合金镀层。通过阴极线性扫描和计时电流测试,研究了Ni-Co合金镀层电结晶初期的共沉积行为和电化学反应过程,探究了Ni-Co合金镀层的成核模型;采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪,表征了Ni-Co合金镀层的表面形貌和微观结构;通过退火后的显微硬度测试,研究了Ni-Co合金镀层的热稳定性。结果表明:Ni-Co合金镀层的沉积电位约为-0.73 V;Ni-Co合金镀层的形核/生长过程符合受扩散控制的瞬时成核模型;Ni-Co合金镀层表面均匀致密,晶粒细小,热稳定性较好。     

基于模具钢基体的Ni-Co合金镀层的性能研究

采用改进的瓦特型镀液,在模具钢(Cr12MoV钢)基体上电沉积Ni-Co合金镀层,并研究了电流密度对合金镀层的成分、表面形貌、硬度和耐磨性的影响。结果表明:随着电流密度的增大,Co的质量分数降低,合金镀层的表面形貌发生明显变化,其硬度先增大后减小,平均摩擦因数先降低后升高。当电流密度达到3A/dm~2时,合金镀层晶粒细化、组织致密,具有较高的硬度(4.57GPa)和良好的耐磨性(平均摩擦因数为0.3)。     

镍-硼合金镀层的硬度和耐磨性

在以氨基磺酸镍为主盐、硼氢化钠为硼源的电解液中,采用恒流电镀法于铜基底表面制备了镍-硼合金镀层。采用相似的方法制备了纯镍镀层和镍-铁合金镀层作为对照。使用真空退火炉对镍-硼合金镀层进行热处理。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜对镀层的晶体结构和表面形貌进行了表征和分析,采用显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机对镀层的硬度和耐磨性进行了测试。通过扫描电子显微镜观察表面摩擦磨痕形貌,分析镀层摩擦磨损机制。结果表明:镍-硼合金镀层表面光亮平整,硬度可达7 000~8 000 MPa;经过300℃热处理后硬度可达到11 000MPa。镍-硼合金镀层的耐磨性比镀镍层和镍-铁合金镀层的有很大的改善。     

Ni-Co合金镀层的制备及其应用于汽车缸套的可行性分析

采用单因素试验法得到制备Ni-Co合金镀层的最佳工艺条件。采用最佳工艺条件,在汽车缸套内表面电沉积Ni-Co合金镀层。对镀Ni-Co合金的汽车缸套的硬度及内表面的耐磨性进行测试,并与镀硬铬的汽车缸套进行比较。结果表明:镀Ni-Co合金的汽车缸套与镀硬铬的汽车缸套的硬度及内表面的耐磨性相近,Ni-Co合金镀层同样能够起到较好的抗磨减摩作用,可以替代硬铬镀层应用在汽车缸套上。     

交变磁场下脉冲电沉积镍-钴纳米合金镀层

在脉冲电沉积镍-钴纳米合金镀层的过程中引入与电场方向垂直的外加交变磁场。采用扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪观察并分析镀层的表面形貌和微观结构,并用显微硬度计测试镀层的显微硬度。结果表明:外加交变磁场的引入可使镀层晶粒细化,镀层表面平整、致密,镀层的显微硬度呈先增大后减小的趋势。     

工艺参数对电镀镍钴合金及其性能的影响

在氨基磺酸盐镀液体系中,采用电沉积法制备Ni-Co合金镀层,采用SEM、XRD与维氏硬度仪分析镀层相结构、微观形貌及显微硬度,并研究了沉积电流密度、氨基磺酸钴浓度及电镀液温度对镀层微观结构与显微硬度的影响.结果表明:阴极电流密度对镀层的择优取向无显著影响,但对各衍射峰强度影响较大.氨基磺酸钴浓度对择优取向有明显影响,当浓度从6 g/L提高至18 g/L时,择优取向由双择优取向(111)与(220)转至单择优取向(111),且金属晶粒更为细化.钴盐浓度提升还有利于提高镀层的显微硬度,钴盐浓度为18 g/L时比浓度为6 g/L时的显微硬度提高约44.56％.溶液温度35～45℃,电流密度2 A/dm2时,可获得具有良好的表面质量与显微硬度合金镀层.     

电沉积制备Ni-Co合金镀层及耐蚀性能研究

为了减弱腐蚀,增强基体的使用寿命,以316L不锈钢片为基体,采用电沉积法制备了Ni-Co合金镀层。使用扫描电镜对镀层的微观形貌进行表征,利用VersaSTAT3电化学工作站测试镀层在3.5%的NaCl溶液中的腐蚀电流密度。研究了不同主盐浓度、镀液温度及电流密度对合金镀层性能的影响规律。结果表明,电镀液中镍盐质量浓度为128 g/L时,钴盐质量浓度为115 g/L,镀液温度为55℃,p H值为4.5,电流密度为1.0 A/dm~2,腐蚀电流密度为6.13×10~(-12)A/cm~2时,所得Ni-Co合金镀层的耐腐蚀效果最佳。     

化学镀Ni-Fe-P工艺的研究

考察了镀液中FeSO4的质量浓度对合金镀层沉积速率的影响,并通过金相显微镜对镀层表面形貌进行观察;采用硬度计和实验室浸泡方法分别考察了镀层的显微硬度和耐蚀性.结果表明:当镀液中FeSO4的质量浓度小于2.0 g/L时,镀层的沉积速率虽然降低,但镀层的表面更加均匀、致密,表面质量更好,镀层的显微硬度和耐蚀性也得到提高;当...     

电刷镀n-Al2O3/Ni-Co镀层组织与性能的研究

针对镀硬铬中污染环境和危害人体健康的六价铬,为实现清洁生产,改善生态环境,开展了电刷镀n-Al2O3/Ni-Co纳米复合镀层的研究。测试了纳米微粒的质量浓度对n-Al2O3/Ni-Co纳米复合镀层表面形貌和硬度的影响;并对比了n-Al2O3/Ni-Co纳米复合镀层和硬铬镀层的硬度、耐磨性能和抗高温氧化性能;利用XRD测定了n-Al2O3/Ni-Co纳米复合镀层的结构和晶粒尺寸。研究结果表明:纳米微粒的质量浓度为20 g/L时,镀层具有最优的表面形貌和硬度;室温条件下,n-Al2O3/Ni-Co纳米复合镀层的硬度和耐磨性能都明显优于硬铬镀层的;高温条件下,n-Al2O3/Ni-Co纳米复合镀层的抗高温氧化性能与硬铬镀层的相当。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.