粉末冶金TiAl基合金及其力学性能的研究进展

综述了粉末冶金法制备TiAl基合金的几种方法，包括预合金粉末法、元素粉末法、自蔓延高温合成、放电等离子烧结等方法，介绍了采用粉末冶金方法制备TiAl基合金的力学性能的研究，指出当前粉末冶金TiAl基合金制备中存在的问题及研究重点。     

TiAl基合金的组织演变

综述了TiAl基合金中几种常见的组织演变,着重论述了变形TiAl基合金在热处理过程中的晶粒长大及动力学、TiAl基合金在冷却时层状组织的形成和全层状TiAl基合金在高温时的非连续粗化这3种组织演变。     

机械合金化和微量添加剂对TiAl基合金显微组织及高温抗氧化性能的影响

研究了采用机械合金化方法制备TiAl基合金的工艺及其对显微组织的细化作用，概述了一系列添加剂对TiAl基合金高温抗氧化性能的影响。     

γ-TiAl基合金超塑扩散连接实验与理论的研究

介绍了超塑扩散连接在γ—TiAl合金中的应用，总结并评述了近年来γ—TiAl基合金超塑扩散连接的最新实验与理论研究结果，认为超塑扩散连接对于γ—TiAl基合金是一种极具应用潜力的连接方法。经激光表面处理后，可降低γ-TiAl基合金超塑扩散连接的温度和时间。改进的超塑扩散连接的理论计算，可用于γ-TiM基合金超塑扩散连接工艺参数的优化。     

TiAl(γ)基钛合金的研究与应用

论述了γ TiAl基合金的研究现状和发展动态 ,分析了存在的问题及解决办法 ,介绍了γ TiAl基合金的加工、显微组织与力学性能的关系、γ TiAl基合金的高温氧化性能及防护方法和其在不同领域的潜在应用     

TiAl基合金的韧化途径及基础应用研究

TiAl基合金以其低的密度, 优异的高温强度, 良好的抗氧化性和抗蠕变性等特点获得极大关注, 成为一种很有希望的航空、航天及汽车用高温合金, 但室温脆性严重制约了TiAl基合金的工业化应用. 分析了TiAl基合金室温韧性差的原因, 介绍了改善室温脆性的具体途径, 包括添加合金化元素、制备工艺的不断优化以及复合增强等, 从而改善了TiAl基合金室温脆性, 并概述了TiAl基合金的应用研究.     

包套轧制制备TiAl基合金板材的研究

采用包套轧制技术,在1050℃(炉温)制备了2.7mm厚的TiAl基合金薄板.金相组织分析结果表明,薄板具有均匀、细小的等轴晶组织,平均晶粒尺寸约为3μm.利用模拟平面应变实验研究了外加包套对TiAl基合金轧制时流变行为的影响,揭示了包套轧制提高TiAl基合金热加工性能的机理,结果表明,包套轧制可以降低TiAl基合金变形时的流变应力,延缓流变软化趋势,降低局部流变系数,从而提高TiAl基合金的塑性变形能力.     

TiAl基合金的熔炼与铸造成形工艺研究现状

综述了TiAl基合金的发展现状,介绍了TiAl合金的铸锭熔炼工艺(主要有凝壳感应熔炼、真空电弧熔炼、等离子束熔炼、电子束熔炼)及将铸锭铸造成TiAl基合金的工艺方法(主要介绍了熔模精密铸造和金属型铸造)。最后总结了TiAl基合金熔炼与铸造工艺中需要解决的问题和今后研究的重点。     

应变速率对全层状TiAl基合金室温拉伸性能的影响

以Ti-47Al-2Cr(摩尔分数,％)合金为对象,研究了应变速率对不同晶团尺寸的全层状TiAl基合金室温拉伸性能的影响.结果表明,全层状TiAl基合金的室温强度随应变速率的加快而提高,低延性全层状TiAl基合金的室温延伸率对应变速率不敏感,而高延性全层状TiAl基合金的室温延伸率对应变速率敏感,并随应变速率的加快而提高.     

不同卸载应力对层状TiAl基合金损伤程度的影响

通过对层状TiAl基合金进行拉伸卸载试验，研究了不同预损伤对层状TiAl基合金断裂行为的影响。试验结果表明：随着损伤程度增加到一定程度，材料的弹性模量减小；随着预损伤程度的增加，裂纹面密度增大。通过统计分析发现裂纹面密度可以作为衡量损伤程度的损伤参量；但随着预损伤程度的增加，单位面积断裂功基本不变，进一步说明不同预损伤对层状TiAl基合金的最终断裂性能没有影响。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

参与式农业基地建设行动方案设计

为了编制实用性强的基地建设行动方案,首先,确定参与式发展的主体,搭建一个"决策框架";其次,针对行动目标,提出不同参与主体,如管理者、农民、消费者等团队与个人的目标及行动内容;最后,工作应向重塑伙伴式合作关系,挖掘农民自我发展潜力,完成三大角色的转换,打造农业基地文化等方向推进.