表面活性剂在硅质及硅酸盐型胶磷矿浮选中的应用研究

以硅质及硅酸盐型胶磷矿为研究对象,研究了非离子型和阴离子型表面活性剂与脂肪酸复配在胶磷矿浮选中的应用。研究表明:与空白试验对比,TW-2、TW-4、TW-6、AEO-10、十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基磺酸钠和十二烷基苯磺酸钠有明显的增效作用。其中,TW-2在不降低尾矿品位的情况下,可提高精矿品位。十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基磺酸钠和十二烷基苯磺酸钠可大幅降低尾矿品位(最低尾矿P2O5品位为7.47%),表明该类表面活性剂在磷矿浮选中具有较强的增效作用。     

混合表面活性剂/乙醇水溶液体系的研究

运用正交试验研究了离子型表面活性剂(SDS)非离子型表面活性剂(Triton)/乙醇三元体系的相互作用,结果表明,体系的表面活性体现在离子型表面活性剂上,醇与非离子型表面活性剂在一定的浓度比上有相互作用。     

湖北某胶磷矿浮选工艺研究

湖北某胶磷矿为难选磷矿石,以该胶磷矿为浮选试验对象,以油酸皂为主捕收剂,配合可产生协同作用的表面活性剂进行浮选试验。结果表明,阴离子表面活性剂与非离子表面活性剂组合后添加到脂肪酸类捕收剂中,可显著提高磷精矿的品位和回收率,对原矿品位为21.76%的胶磷矿进行一次粗选,磷精矿品位可达27%以上,回收率达91.5%以上。     

表面活性剂对棉油皂脚浮选性能的影响

探讨了几种表面活性剂对棉油皂脚浮选性能的影响.并分析比较了试验结果,结果表明:添加表面活性剂能改变棉油皂脚的浮选性能,不同的表面活性剂对棉油皂脚的增效作用存在较大的差异.     

增效作用对磷灰石浮选的影响

探讨了几种表面活性剂对脂肪酸类捕收剂ＳＨ－１的增效作用和对黄麦岭磷矿常温浮选行为的影响。结果表明：阴离子型表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠（ＳＤＢＳ）、非离子型表面活性剂Ｔｗｅｅｎ－８０对ＳＨ－１具有良好的增效作用,能明显改善磷矿的浮选特性。当矿浆温度为１２～２０℃时,混合使用ＳＨ－１与ＳＤＢＳ和Ｔｗｅｅｎ－８０,Ｈａｌｌｉｍｏｎｄ管浮的上浮率比单独使用ＳＨ－１提高１０％～１５％。     

表面活性剂对复合刷镀液中纳米WC分散性的影响

研究了在(Ni-P)-纳米WC复合刷镀液中添加阴离子型表面活性剂SDS、阳离子型表面活性剂PEI、非离子型表面活性剂OP对分散体系分散效果的影响.结果表明:表面活性剂能有效阻止复合刷镀液中微粒的絮凝、团聚,其用量对复合刷镀液分散效果有显著的影响.当阴离子型表面活性剂SDS的质量浓度为0.2g/L,阳离子型表面活性剂PEI为O.8g/L时,刷镀液中沉降粉体体积最小,添加非离子型表面活性剂OP的分散体系分散效果较差.     

几种表面活性剂在磷矿低温浮选中的应用

为了降低能耗,探讨了几种表面活性剂在磷矿低温(13～15 ℃)浮选中的应用.结果表明,在棉油皂脚中加入表面活性剂后,使用相同量的捕收剂的精矿回收率有所提高,而加入SDS与某极性有机物的复配物后,磷精矿的回收率的提高幅度较大.在闭路实验条件下,使用复配捕收剂后,磷精矿P2O5品位可以达到30.40%,P2O5回收率达到81.36%.回收率虽然有些偏低,但该复配捕收剂的使用为磷矿低温浮选提供了可能.     

胶磷矿、方解石捕收剂研究

本章简述了胶磷矿、方解石捕收剂研究动向,并采用阴离子,阳离子、非离子型表面活性剂及其混合药剂进行了一系列纯矿物浮选试验,进—步证明了混合用药能取得更好的浮选效果,揭示了混合用药的优越性,为胶磷矿的正、反浮选合理使用捕收剂提供了依据。     

聚氧乙烯烷基酚醚增效酰胺化改性脂肪酸皂的胶磷矿浮选性能

通过对脂肪酸酰胺化改性复配得到不同聚合度的聚氧乙烯烷基酚醚类表面活性剂,以四川清平一种含有磷锶铝石矿的高倍半氧化物高镁低品位胶磷矿为对象,进行了该复配捕收剂的常温浮选试验。试验结果表明:该复配捕收剂的聚合度不同其浮选性能也不同,低聚合度聚氧乙烯烷基酚醚增效作用明显,选取聚合度为10的聚氧乙烯烷基酚醚即OP-10复配到酰胺化改性脂肪酸皂中,所获得的捕收剂相较于传统的磷矿选矿捕收剂而言,其水溶性以及常温浮选性能较好,且药剂用量较低。在磨矿细度为-0.074mm占92.5%,常温(20℃)下,采用正反浮选工艺流程,获得了精矿P_2O_5品位30.04%、回收率85.32%的浮选指标。     

辣根过氧化物酶生物降解五氯酚

采用辣根过氧化物酶催化降解五氯酚(PCP),探讨了pH值、温度、n(H2O2):n(PCP)和酶用量等因素对五氯酚去除率的影响.通过向反应体系中投加非离子型表面活性剂Tween-40,增强了辣根过氧化物酶的稳定性,延长了酶活性时间,并对其作用机理进行了探讨.实验表明非离子型表面活性剂Tween-40能够提高五氯酚的去除率,降低处理成本.     

Combined Use of Ozonation and Biodegradation of Anionic and Non-ionic Surfactants

This study investigated the extent of primary and final biodegradation of anionic and non-ionic surfactants to evaluate the combined use of ozonation and biodegradation in surfactant removal. The surfactants used were alkylpolyglucosides and linear alkyl benzene sulfonates. The anionic surfactant containing a benzene ring on its structure was oxidized faster than was the non-ionic surfactant. Both surfactants showed poor mineralization due to ozonation indicating an ozone attack primarily on carbon bonds. The results indicate that the removal of surfactants and of the total organic carbon is increased by the consecutive use of ozonation and biodegradation.     

Emulsion polymerization of styrene: Simulation the effects of mixed ionic and non-ionic surfactant system in the presence of coagulation

A detailed model was developed for emulsion polymerization of styrene in batch reactor to predict the evolution of the product particle size distribution. The effect of binary surfactant systems (ionic/non-ionic surfactants) with different compositions was studied. The zero–one kinetics was employed for the nucleation rate, with the model comprising a set of rigorously developed population balance equations. The modeling incorporated particle formation by both nucleation and coagulation phenomena. The partial differential equations describing the particle population were discretized using finite volume elements. Binary surfactant systems, comprising sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as anionic, and a commercial polyether polyol (Brij35^®) as non-ionic surfactants, were examined with different mass ratios. Increasing non-ionic surfactant mass fraction in binary surfactant system showed the decrease of particle number due to intensifying the coagulation between particles. Broader particle size distributions with greater average particle size were obtained with non-ionic surfactant comparing those obtained with anionic one.     

沙特某钙质磷矿不脱泥直接浮选的试验研究

用复合捕收剂对沙特某钙质磷矿石进行不经脱泥的直接浮选,一步反浮选后,精矿品位P2O5达32.57％,回收率为92.41％,达到设计要求,克服了原有捕收剂要求原矿脱泥处理后才能浮选的缺点.研究了磨矿细度、捕收剂用量、表面活性剂用量及选矿废水循环利用对浮选指标的影响.     

CLAs制备及其稳定性的实验研究

制备了预分散溶剂萃取所需的胶质液泡(CLAs),探讨了溶质的存在对CLAs稳定性的影响. 结果发现,在表面活性剂浓度相同时[离子型表面活性剂浓度为1 g/L,非离子型表面活性剂浓度为1.0%(j)],溶质(苯甲酸)的存在对CLAs稳定性的影响很大,许多在没有溶质存在的条件下能够制备得到稳定的CLAs的表面活性剂组合,在加入了溶质后,不能再制备得到稳定的CLAs. 对于在溶质存在的条件下仍能制备得到稳定的CLAs的表面活性剂组合,考察了表面活性剂浓度对所制得的CLAs平均直径的影响. 结果发现,随着离子型表面活性剂和非离子型表面活性剂浓度的增大,CLAs平均直径逐渐减小. 另外,考察了离子型表面活性剂的类型对CLAs稳定性的影响. 结果发现,当表面活性剂浓度相同时[离子型表面活性剂浓度为1 g/L,非离子型表面活性剂浓度为1.0%(φ)],阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠和十二烷基苯磺酸钠可制备得到稳定的CLAs,而阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵不能制备得到稳定的CLAs.     

Soil deposition on shrink-resist-treated wool fabrics in the presence of anionic and non-ionic surfactants

The deposition behaviour of carbon black on shrink-resist-treated wool fabric, and on untreated wool, in the presence of different mixtures of anionic and non-ionic surfactants has been investigated. Two types of surfactant mixtures were studied; sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate and sodium dioctylsulphosuccinate were used as anionic surfactants and Triton X-100 as a non-ionic surfactant. An electrokinetic study was also carried out, under similar conditions; the zeta potential was obtained, which was related to the amount of deposition found. From these zeta potential measurements the surface charge density was determined.     

Effects of charged and uncharged surfactants on polarographic waves of uranium(VI) in phosphoric acid solutions

The effects of charged (anionic and cationic) and uncharged (non-ionic) surfactants (SAS) on the polarographic waves of uranium(VI) in phosphoric acid solutions of concentrations 0·1, 1, 5 and 10 M were investigated. The non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-100) was found to cause retardation of reactions in all media, whereas the effects of a charged SAS depends upon the acid concentration. Thus, the cationic surfactant, dodecylamine perchlorate, causes enhancement of the reduction process at lower acidities, and its retardation at high acid concentrations. The anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylsulphate, shows approximately an opposite effect. The results are dis- cussed in terms of complexing action of the supporting electrolyte, the effect of the adsorbed SAS layer on the charge distribution of the double layer and the specific adsorption of phosphate anions. The efffects of SAS on the different waves were traced by following the changes that occur in the values of the different kinetic parameters in the presence of increasing amounts of these materials.     

Reduction electrochimique du nitrobenzene,en milieu micellaire aqueux,a divers pH. Influence de la nature des tensio-actifs

The electrochemical reduction of nitrobenzene has been studied in the presence of some anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactants using a glassy carbon electrode or a dropping mercury electrode (polarography). The results are depending upon the electrode nature, the surfactant polarity and the pH of the solutions.On glassy carbon electrode and with cationic surfactants, the reduction is always a one step process for the totality of the studied pH scale (2–12). With the anionic and non-ionic surfactants, the potential is shifted towards the more negative values for a one step process or for a two step process, according to the pH value.For the polarographical studies, the electrochemical reduction of nitrobenzene is generally retarded by the presence of monomer surfactant molecules adsorbed on the mercury electrode, principally in acid media. In micellar solutions, the CTAB decreases the protonation rate of the nitrobenzene radical anion and facilitates the reduction by a dianion way. The anionic and non-ionic surfactants increase the radical anion stability and slow down the rate of the radical anion reduction.     

木质素基表面活性剂研究现状

木质素作为一种天然高分子化合物，其来源丰富，可以用来代替石油资源制备表面活性剂，缓解当前石油资源枯竭的问题。常见的木质素基表面活性剂有阳离子表面活性剂、阴离子表面活性剂、两性离子表面活性剂以及非离子表面活性剂。木质素基表面活性剂在工业领域具有广泛的应用范围，可以作为染料分散剂、混凝土减水剂、沥青乳化剂以及原油采集过程中的驱油剂等。木质素基表面活性剂的开发利用为生物质产品的高值化利用开辟了一条新的路径。     

Adsorption of surfactants from water onto raw and HCl-activated clays in fixed beds

The removal of surfactants from water by adsorption onto raw and HCl-activated montmorillonite in fixed beds was studied. Three surfactants hexadecylpyridinium chloride (cationic), sodium dodecyl sulfate (anionic), and Triton X-102 (non-ionic) were selected in the concentration ranges lower than their critical micelle concentrations in fixed bed experiments. It was shown that the adsorption of anionic surfactant onto Ca-montmorillonite (SAz-1) decreased with increasing pH but that of cationic surfactant increased. The adsorption capacity of non-ionic surfactant was maximized at pH 7.0. For given clay, the adsorption capacities of surfactants were strongly pH-dependent. The adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of non-ionic surfactant onto SAz-1 could be largely improved after acid activation of the clay. Such an improvement was due to the fact that the dissolution of Al³⁺ or Fe²⁺ of montmorillonite occurs in acid solution. The calculated breakthrough curves in fixed bed agreed with the measured ones (standard deviation < 6%). The 50% C/C₀ breakthrough time (τ) decreased with increasing liquid flow rate. The effects of flow rate on the adsorption constant and adsorption capacity were also discussed.