低成本传感器与A/D转换器的互连

介绍了比例输出传感器与A／D转换器之间的配合使用情况。设计了传感器测量电路，包括比例输出传感器、电流驱动电桥和惠斯通电桥。将ADC的基准电压输入和传感器输出结合在一起，节省了电压基准或电流源。该设计降低了电路整体成本，提高了温度稳定性和测量精度，降低了温漂，减少了线路板面积，消除了不理想的基准源引入的误差。     

旋转电弧传感器的研制

介绍了电弧传感的基本原理及旋转电弧传感器用于焊接接头跟踪的工作原理。针对焊缝跟踪对传感器的要求，研制了一种适用于焊接机器人的轻便、紧凑、高速旋转的电弧传感器。详细介绍了高速旋转电弧传感器的旋转驱动电路、位置检测电路以及焊接电流采样电路。实验证明所设计的电路抗干扰能力强，旋转速度稳定，测位脉冲可靠，焊接电流的采集线性度好。该电弧传感器已在焊接机器人焊缝跟踪控制系统中得到成功应用。     

永磁同步电机电流检测系统设计

完成了永磁同步电机电流检测系统设计,包括霍尔电流传感器、电流信号调理电路、采样电路及控制系统。推导了磁平衡式闭环霍尔电流传感器传递函数,分析了传感器参数对传感器响应时间的影响,设计了信号调理电路,采用同步采样方式进行电流采样,并给出了DSP/FPGA工作流程。最后设计了DSP/FPGA实验平台,进行电流环闭环实验,表明电流检测噪声较小。     

一种检测弱电流的半导体磁阻式电流传感器

为了检测微弱电流，设计了一种适用于信号处理电路的InSb-Ink共晶体磁阻元件（MR）制成的半导体薄膜磁阻型电流传感器（MRCS）。此种电流传感器是用同时改变两个InSb-In磁阻元件阻值的途径来实现这一目的的，它取消了大容量的耦合电容，可缩小体积和改善频率特性。经计算选择特定的电路参数，使得电路输出信号为引起磁阻改变的微弱电流产生的磁场成正比关系，从而实现了微弱电流信号的检测，通过实验研究了此种电流传感器的工作特性，其通频带为7－1800Hz，被检测的弱电流信号可低至10mA，并且温漂得到良好的抑制，继而从理论上对其进行了分析。     

钴基非晶磁芯巨磁阻抗效应电流传感器

利用钴基非晶薄带环形磁芯的巨磁阻抗效应研制了新型非接触电流传感器。磁芯在2kA／m横向磁场作用下，用密度为25A／mm。短时矩形脉冲电流退火30s，通过CMOS多谐振荡电路产生的频率为900kHz窄脉冲电流激励，最大阻抗变化率为34％，磁场灵敏度约为45％Oe。分析了传感器工作原理，设计了传感器电路，通过参数的优化和电流负反馈设计提高了传感器的分辨率、线性度、灵敏度和测量范围。设定测量范围为-2．5～＋2．5A时，传感器测量精度为0．45％，灵敏度为0．67V/A     

轨道车辆速度传感器接口电路的兼容性设计

轨道车辆的速度传感器一般有电压型和电流型两种信号接口类型,具体的车辆设备通常只有一种信号接口,速度信号接口不具备兼容性,传感器不能互换。论文介绍了一种电压型和电流型兼容的轨道车辆速度信号采集电路,经过实际运用,该电路能够兼容电压型和电流型两种接口的速度传感器,电路工作稳定可靠。     

零点增益可调的电容式微传感器

文中介绍一种可调零点和增益的电容式微型传感器。通过对ＭＯＳ电流镜电路的深入探讨,给出了由ＭＯＳ电流镜电路组成的零点和增益可调的电容式微型传感器测量电路;通过对传感器测量电路的动态过程传真,明确了测量电路的最佳工作频率范围;通过对传感器测量电路静态过程的仿真确定了这种测量电路的线性度和增益。由以上研究表明,零点和增益可调的电容式微过程的仿真,确定了这种测量电路的线性度和增益。由以上研究表明,零点和增     

霍尔电流传感器及其在电源保护中的应用

阐明了霍尔电流传感器的工作原理，工作模式，给出了它的使用方法，参数计算，结合复杂设备中电源保护电路的要求，提出了检测电流时相关控制电路。     

传感器实用电路基础

第三讲变换电路一、电流-电压变换电路在使用电流变化型传感器的场合,把传感器的输出信息变换成电压信息来处理是极方便的,实现这种变换可用电流-电压变换电路,理想变换电路如图1所示。由运算放大器的特性可知, 即输出电压完全比例于i,实现了电流-电压的变换。图2是电流-电压变换电路的实例,使用μA714作变换用运算放大器。电路的输入电流变换范围是±1μA～±     

大孔径开合式磁通门电流传感器探头参数设计

针对海洋工程中迫切需要的大孔径开合式腐蚀电流检测方法,设计了开合式磁通门电流传感器的探头,并通过将待测电流带来的磁场偏置影响代入磁芯磁导率,联立磁芯磁路方程和检测线圈的电路方程,结合相量法得出了开合式磁通门电流传感器的检测线圈电流脉冲计算公式,为大孔径开合式磁通门电流传感器的探头设计提供了理论依据,同时结合COMSOL仿真软件建立了有限元仿真分析模型,以720 mm孔径的磁通门电流传感器为例,从绕线方式、结构设计等方面分析计算了待测电流引起的磁场偏置,讨论了不同探头参数对磁通门脉冲的影响,对于传感器后处理电路的设计具有一定的参考价值。     

Eddy Current Sensing of Torque in Rotating Shafts

The noncontact torque sensing in machine shafts is addressed based on the stress induced in a press-fitted magnetoelastic sleeve on the shaft and eddy current sensing of the changes of electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability due to the presence of stress. The eddy current probe uses dual drive, dual sensing coils whose purpose is increased sensitivity to torque and decreased sensitivity to variations in distance between probe and shaft (liftoff). A mechanism of keeping the distance constant is also employed. Both the probe and the magnetoelastic sleeve are evaluated for performance using a standard eddy current instrument. An eddy current instrument is also used to drive the coils and analyze the torque data. The method and sensor described are general and adaptable to a variety of applications. The sensor is suitable for static and rotating shafts, is independent of shaft diameter and operational over a large range of torques. The torque sensor uses a differential eddy current measurement resulting in cancellation of common mode effects including temperature and vibrations.     

Distinguishing between sensor fault, structural damage, and environmental or operational effects in structural health monitoring

Discrimination between three different sources of variability in a vibration-based structural health monitoring system is investigated: environmental or operational effects, sensor faults, and structural damage. Separating the environmental or operational effects from the other two is based on the assumption that measurements under different environmental or operational conditions are included in the training data. Distinguishing between sensor fault and structural damage utilizes the fact that the sensor faults are local, while structural damage is global. By localizing the change to a sensor which is then removed from the network, the two different influences can be separated. The sensor network is modelled as a Gaussian process and the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) is then used to detect and localize a change in the system. A numerical and an experimental study are performed to validate the proposed method.     

Self-powered wireless thermoelectric sensors

Sensors capable of measuring various performance parameters of an operational power generation unit could help improve system performance and overall efficiencies. For example, measurement of temperatures, temperature differences, or exhaust gas concentrations could provide both a quick quantitative and qualitative assessment of system health and allow for operation of power units with smaller safety margins and therefore higher efficiencies. For this study a technique is presented that can transmit data about an operational system wirelessly in real-time to an external location. For these experiments thermoelectric element leads were connected to a solenoid coil. When the thermoelectric was exposed to a temperature difference a current was generated in the thermoelectric and solenoid coil resulting in a magnetic field. A receiver was then used to measure the changes in magnetic field of the system. Two primary configurations were developed to test this wireless sensor configuration: dynamic and static. For dynamic measurements a pendulum and pneumatic air cylinder were used to simulate a moving component that may pass the external Hall sensor such as a fan or turbine blade. For dynamic measurements it was determined that for accurate results it is very important to maintain the distance constant between the Hall sensor and solenoid coil. For stationary measurements the temperature difference across the thermoelectric was related to output measurements from the Hall sensor. Overall, results show that data can be wirelessly transmitted to an external location using this method.     

Survey on node deployment in wireless sensor networks

Node deployment strategy plays an important role in wireless sensor networks(WSNs) application because it determines the coverage,connectivity and network lifetime of WSNs.This paper reports the curren...     

气固两相流流速测量系统的传感器设计

介绍一种用于测量气固两相流流速的传感器,阐述了其工作原理,对传感器的结构和随机噪声提取电路进行设计和分析,试验证明该传感器能够检测微弱的随机流动信号。     

一种基于振动原理的结冰探测方法

为了实现复杂环境中结冰的自动探测，提出了一种基于振动原理的结冰探测方法，建立了振管式冰传感器的物理模型，并推导出了其参数的理论计算公式。通过试验模态分析和样品测试。证实了此传感器理论设计的正确性。     

湿度传感器电阻和电容分量测量方法的研究

高分子电阻型湿度传感器是一种有着广泛应用前景的新型湿度传感器，研究表明，对非纯电阻型湿敏元件，可将其等效为一电阻与电容的串联模型。文中提出了测量湿度传感器等效电路中的电阻分量只和电容分量C的实用方法，并介绍了该方法的工作原理，它是一种由传感器、标准电阻和运算放大器构成的负反馈电路。实验结果表明，该测量方法可用于精确测量湿度传感器的电阻及电容分量。     

电化学气敏传感器的原理及其应用

主要介绍了电化学气敏传感器的工作原理及特性,详细阐述了气敏传感器中的恒电位电解式传感器的结构以及应用电路。利用不同的恒电位电解式传感器能检测酸性、碱性毒气的特点,设计了主动式送风防毒面具的控制系统,成功实现了在不同环境下的过滤通道的切换,从而达到了过滤毒气的目的。此控制系统结构设计巧妙,具有广阔的应用前景。     

The fibre optic sensor in the in-process measurement of surface roughness

In the paper, a NFF type fibre optic displacement sensor is proposed, which now has been adopted to measure surface roughness. The system with this sensor is designed to be suitable for in-process measurement, in which a Z8 single-chip microcomputer is matched. The whole system is supported by assembly programs and is automatic, intelligent and flexible. The output changes of the sensor are discussed respectively for several special cases, and some necessary measures are described for the real operational environments.