后现代主义与古典主义、现代主义建筑比较

后现代主义已被讨论过很多，国外后现代主义建筑也退出了主流，但我们还未能真正理解有效吸收。本文以建筑艺术为线索，通过古典主义、现代主义与后现代主义建筑的产生背景及特点做比较，更好的理解后现代主义艺术的特征，努力创造中国建筑的未来。     

后现代主义对中国平面设计发展影响的探究

目的探究后现代主义影响下的中国平面设计发展历程。方法结合后现代主义思潮特征,对我国平面设计发展现状进行探究,分析后现代主义对中国平面设计产生的影响及对中国平面设计未来发展的启示。结论后现代主义思潮对中国平面设计所带来的影响值得思考,当进入视觉技术时代,思维方式也变得更加富有想象力。提高民族设计水平与广大民众的审美水平,要在考虑社会经济发展的同时,着眼于传统文化的传承,把后现代主义设计理念与中国平面设计有机融合在一起,形成一个良好的设计互动环境,才能使中国的设计达到国际水平。     

批判还是时尚——中国的后现代主义建筑

后现代主义建筑思潮于80年代中期传人中国，逐渐引起中国理论界和文化界的关注，成为一种时髦的文化现象，中国的后现代主义建筑也同样走过了一段相应的发生、发展、衰落、重生的路程。中国的后现代主义建筑为这个进步发展中的国家到底带来的是应受批判的艺术还是真正时尚的观念呢。本文试图通过对这一时期的几座代表性建筑的解读来回答这一问题。     

浅谈后现代主义文学特征及写作特点

现今社会正步于一个新的时代，也就是后现代时代。后现代时代不仅正改变着我们的方法跟实践，也对它们提出了怀疑，并且提出了一种即否定又转变的新的观点。后现代主义思潮已涉及到艺术、文学等多个领域。进而也就出现了后现代主义文学。后现代主义文学简称后现代文学。笔者就后现代文学的特征及写作特点阐述一些个人见解。     

图片新闻

联合国巴迪熊 近日，澳大利亚悉尼上演了最具情趣的一幕，124只“联合国巴迪熊”在悉尼港环形码头展出。每一只“熊”代表了联合国中的一个国家，它们均被自己国家的艺术家进行装扮，呈现出出各具特色与风貌的形态，吸引了大量游客驻足观赏。     

《中国摄影名家大典》征稿

为发扬中华民族优秀摄影艺术文化，全面展示摄影艺术家的辉煌成就，增进艺术家的相互了解、沟通与交流，由中国香港新闻出版社、《中国影楼报》社、名家大典网栏目联合编辑出版《中国摄影名家大典》，书名由著名摄影家、中国香港新闻出版社名誉社长吕厚民题写，中国摄影家协会副主席朱宪民作序，现面向广大摄影艺术家征稿。     

后现代主义文化思潮影响下的后现代主义设计

后现代主义设计是在后工业社会的反主流文化运动中产生的后现代主义思潮影响下孕育而生的，是对现代主义的批判和颠覆。本文从反主流文化思潮的大众文化、审美意义的深度消解、历史文脉与符号装饰、象征意义的多重表达等几个视角，对后现代主义文化思潮对后现代主义设计的产生以及所形成的文化现象和艺术特征进行辨析与阐释。     

艺术与时尚，谁爱上谁？

近期中国当代艺术家与时尚产品频频合作，高调出镜。最近就有“设计共和”的“Art for the Masses”与“Christian Dior与中国艺术家”活动相继出炉。     

儒家思想在广告创意中的后现代主义表现

分析了儒家思想与后现代主义思想的内涵实质,并结合当前广告发展趋势论述述了两者在现代广告创意中融合的可行性和必要性,进而分析了将后现代主义表现手法融于儒家思想在现代广告创意中的巨大价值。在此基础上,提出了儒家思想的3种后现代主义表现形式:儒家仁爱思想的后现代主义表现、儒家慈孝思想的后现代主义表现以及儒家诚信思想的后现代主义表现。     

建筑 设计

汉斯·霍菜菌逝世 维也纳,4月24日,奥地利后现代主义建筑师汉斯．霍莱茵离世,他是1985年普利兹克奖得主,一生80载年华中的50年都在践行着“一切皆建筑”的理念。“他是建筑师,也是艺术家”。     

从查尔斯·詹克斯的“双重编码”看后现代主义与现代主义的关系

现代主义设计作为一种主流风格盘踞在设计界百年之久,其功能与理性主义经久不衰,至今在设计史中还是重要的设计思想。上世纪60年代末,后现代主义设计的兴起对正统、主流的现代主义发出了挑战,他们认为现代主义是单调沉闷的,并试图利用折衷主义、解构主义等方法去颠覆现代主义设计。后现代设计师认为经过他们改造过的现代主义是全新的、与其完全割裂的一种设计风格。     

Ammonia removal from leachate solution using natural Chinese clinoptilolite

This paper assesses the potential of natural Chinese clinoptilolite for ammonia removal from the leachate solution of sewage sludge. In batch study the effects of relevant parameters, such as contact time, initial ammonia concentration and particle size of clinoptilolite, were examined respectively. The results show that the data obtained from batch studies were fit to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and the Langmuir isotherms reflect more reasonable for ammonium ion uptake onto clinoptilolite; the clinoptilolite adsorption process has been proved effective, at laboratory scale, the maximum adsorption capacity of the clinoptilolite, for ammonium concentration ranging from 11.12 to 115.16 mg NH(4)-N L(-1) in leachate solution, was about 1.74 mg NH(4)-Ng(-1); the time to adsorption equilibrium was 2.5 h in leachate solution and 1.5 h more than for in NH(4)Cl synthetic solution; ammonium adsorption increased with decreasing clinoptilolite particle size; the ammonia removal capacity of clinoptilolite increased with increasing initial ammonia concentration. It is believed that as adsorption agent for NH(4)-N removal from sludge leachate, natural Chinese clinoptilolite can be feasible.     

Adsorption characteristics of bovine serum albumin onto alumina with a specific crystalline structure

Bone cement containing alumina particles with a specific crystalline structure exhibits the ability to bond with bone. These particles (AL-P) are mainly composed of delta-type alumina (δ-Al₂O₃). It is likely that some of the proteins present in the body environment are adsorbed onto the cement and influence the expression of its bioactivity. However, the effect that this adsorption of proteins has on the bone-bonding mechanism of bone cement has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) onto AL-P and compared them with those of its adsorption onto hydroxyapatite (HA), which also exhibits bone-bonding ability, as well as with those of adsorption onto alpha-type alumina (α-Al₂O₃), which does not bond with bone. The adsorption characteristics of BSA onto AL-P were very different from those onto α-Al₂O₃ but quite similar to those onto HA. It is speculated that BSA is adsorbed onto AL-P and HA by interionic interactions, while it is adsorbed onto α-Al₂O₃ by electrostatic attraction. The results suggest that the specific adsorption of albumin onto implant materials might play a role in the expression of the bone-bonding abilities of the materials.     

橡胶纳米复合材料计算机模拟研究进展与挑战

总结了作者课题组采用分子动力学模拟研究橡胶纳米复合材料目前取得的主要进展,包括不同几何形状的纳米颗粒在橡胶基体中的分散机理、颗粒与橡胶分子链间的界面结合(聚合物玻璃化层是否存在)、颗粒对应力应变增强机理、碳纳米弹簧的引入对橡胶粘弹性的调控以及橡胶纳米复合材料非线性行为(Payne效应)产生的机理。模拟结果表明,存在一个最佳界面相互作用与接枝密度以实现纳米颗粒均匀分散;对于片状颗粒,在类似氢键界面相互作用时,存在聚合物玻璃化层。静态力学增强来自于两个方面:一是颗粒诱导分子链取向与排列,二是分子链吸附临近颗粒形成桥链在大变形下的有限链伸长。同时发现,碳纳米弹簧的加入会明显降低复合材料的滞后损失,并且得出纳米颗粒直接接触聚集与由分子链同时吸附多个颗粒成网对Payne效应非线性行为均有贡献。这些基础问题的澄清,将为制备动静态力学性能兼顾的橡胶纳米复合材料提供重要科学依据与理论指导,进而实现我国轮胎制品的高性能化与绿色化。最后针对橡胶纳米复合材料多层次多尺度结构与性能关系,简要评述了计算机模拟研究存在的挑战。     

Electrical and structural properties of NiCr thin film resistors reactively sputtered in O2

NiCr thin film resistors have been reactively sputtered using a d.c. diode system in which the anode is formed by a carousel. The substrates are mounted on this carousel and can be rotated through the discharge. For films deposited onto a stationary carousel (the substrates permanently fixed in the discharge), film resistivities range from 150 to 300 μΩ as the oxygen partial pressure is increased from the base pressure to 3 × 10^-5 torr. The TCR values range from 150 to 300 ppm/°C. For carousel rotation at 20 rev/min the corresponding resistivities may be increased by a factor as large as 20 without greatly affecting the TCR. Microprobe analysis indicates that the Ni/Cr concentration ratio is independent of the deposition conditions, but that for a given oxygen partial pressure the film density is less for films deposited onto a rotating carousel than for films deposited onto a stationary carousel. Transmission electron microscopy indicates that the crystallographic structure consists of a metallic phase and an oxide phase which do not change with carousel rotation, but that films deposited onto a stationary carousel have an island structure while those deposited onto a rotating carousel have a worm-like structure. The structural features of films deposited onto a rotating carousel may be due to oblique incidence effects. Measurements of film resistance at low temperatures indicate that conduction in the film may be considered to consist of a metallic conduction mechanism of positive TCR acting in conjunction with an oxide conduction mechanism of negative TCR, with the relative contribution of each mechanism being a function of the physical microstructure of the films. Heat treatment of films deposited onto a rotating carousel produces an increase in resistance which is attributed to oxidation of the film surface, while heat treatment of films deposited onto a stationary carousel produces a resistance decrease which is attributed to thermal annealing effects dominating surface oxidation effects.     

Assemblies of concanavalin A onto carboxymethylcellulose

The immobilization of Concanavalin A, (Con A), onto flat surfaces formed by ultrathin films of carboxymethylcellulose, CMC, silicon wafers or spin-coated poly(methyl methacrylate), (PMMA), was studied by ellipsometry, contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The formation of Con A monolayer was only observed onto CMC films. The adsorption constant of Con A onto CMC films was determined as being (2.1+/-0.2) x 10(6) L mol(-1). After assembling Con A onto CMC surfaces, these became more hydrophobic, indicating a molecular orientation of Con A hydrophilic residues to the polysaccharide and Con A hydrophobic residues to the air. The affinity of Con A for hydroxyl rich silicon surfaces or for more hydrophobic PMMA films was very weak, evidencing that nonspecific interactions play a marginal role. For comparison, the immobilization of Con A onto hybrid particles of PMMA/CMC was investigated by means of UV-spectrophotometry. Such particles carry CMC chains attached to the surface, as evidenced by mean zeta potential value of -40 mV. The adsorption constant determined for Con A onto PMMA/CMC particles was one order of magnitude smaller than that found for Con A onto CMC films. This finding indicates that the substrate geometry might influence the molecular arrangement of sugar residues on the surface, consequently affecting the sugar-Con A interaction (cluster effect).     

Formation and characterization of tungsten silicide layers

Tungsten silicide films formed via furnace annealing were studied. The tungsten layers were deposited either by evaporation or by r.f. sputtering onto Si(100) substrates as well as onto silicon layers deposited in situ. Tungsten deposited at room temperature yields poor silicides owing to the lack of permeability at the interface with silicon. This as well as the formation of voids in the substrate are discussed. Deposition onto substrates heated to 500 °C, however, always allows the formation of a silicide during subsequent annealing.