克雷伯氏杆菌产生的絮凝剂处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

本文研究了克雷伯氏杆菌（Klebilla sp．）SLY08所产絮凝剂对垃圾渗滤液的絮凝效果，并对影响絮凝作用的主要因素进行了探讨。絮凝效果表明，在室温、pH7．0及助凝剂Al^3＋存在下，该菌株所产生的絮凝剂不仅能有效去除废水中的悬浮固体，而且还能使废水脱色，其脱色率可高达61．8％。与常规絮凝剂相比，具有用量少、絮凝活性高的优点。     

微生物絮凝剂的絮凝条件及焦化废水净化研究

从活性污泥中筛选出一株能产高效絮凝剂的芽孢杆菌,对该菌产生的微生物絮凝剂进行了絮凝条件及废水絮凝实验研究.结果表明,微生物絮凝剂最佳絮凝条件为:原水pH值7.0以上;助凝剂CaCl2(1%浓度)适宜投加量为5.0%;发酵液的适宜投加量为0.2%;发酵液较好的离心条件为n=4 000转/min,t=30min.在最佳絮凝条件下,该菌产生的微生物絮凝剂对多种废水净化效果明显.     

生物絮凝剂产生菌的N+注入诱变选育及其培养条件研究

为获得高絮凝活性菌株,采用低能氮离子诱变方法,对生物絮凝剂产生菌FJ-7进行诱变选育,筛选得到一株絮凝活性高、遗传稳定性良好的突变株NIM-192.发酵产絮凝剂曲线表明,其菌体生长速度稍慢于原始菌株,但絮凝活性一直高于原始菌株,絮凝率比原始菌株提高了34.26%.进一步研究表明,蔗糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖是NIM-192产生絮凝剂的适宜碳源,酵母膏:尿素为1:1的混合氮源为最佳氮源,培养基起始pH为7～9时,发酵液的絮凝效果最好.     

淀粉接枝聚丙烯酰胺在造纸废水中的应用

研究了淀粉接枝聚丙烯酰胺对造纸废水的处理,探讨了絮凝剂的投入量、废水的PH值、絮凝温度和絮凝时间对絮凝效果的影响,并得出了淀粉接枝聚丙烯酰胺作为絮凝剂处理脱墨废水时的最佳絮凝条件:絮凝剂用量为10mL,絮凝温度为40℃,PH值大于9.另外,和聚丙烯酰胺的絮凝效果进行了对比,结果表明:St-PAM的絮凝效果优于PAM的絮凝效果.     

改性阳离子型天然高分子絮凝剂制备条件的响应面法优化

以秦岭山上一种特有的木本植物为原料,以阳离子醚化剂为改性剂,合成一种阳离子絮凝剂ND-1。根据Plackett-Burman中心组合方法进行6因素2水平实验设计,筛选6个影响絮凝效果的主要影响因子。选取透光率为响应值对絮凝剂的制备条件进行优化。结果表明,醚化剂用量、活化温度、碱浓度是主要影响因素。最佳合成工艺条件为:醚化剂用量为0.9g;活化温度为53℃;碱浓度为43%,该条件下所得絮凝剂处理发酵废水,污水透光率可达85.1%。     

基于淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的制备和性能评价

本文在对接枝淀粉絮凝剂的应用现状进行分析的基础上,通过实验对淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的制备进行介绍,并对其絮凝性能进行了测定,结果表明,淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的絮凝效果会受到絮凝剂用量和pH值的影响。期望通过本文的研究能够对接枝淀粉絮凝剂的大范围推广应用有所帮助。     

聚合硫酸铁复合羧甲基淀粉絮凝剂的制备及絮凝性能

以羧甲基马铃薯淀粉与水合硫酸亚铁为主要原料,制备了聚合硫酸铁复合羧甲基淀粉絮凝剂(PFSCMPS),通过FT-IR、TG、SEM等手段对PFS-CMPS的结构进行了表征。并将PFS-CMPS用于马铃薯模拟淀粉废水的处理,考察了絮凝温度、絮凝时间、溶液pH值、絮凝剂加入量等因素对其絮凝性能的影响,最佳实验条件下淀粉废水的COD去除率可达到82.4%。     

Al(Ⅲ)改性胶原蛋白絮凝材料的结构表征及对废弃钻井液絮凝的研究

利用鞣制化学中铝鞣机理,将Al(Ⅲ)络合在明胶水解得到的胶原蛋白分子上,制备Al(Ⅲ)改性胶原蛋白絮凝材料,利用XRD、荧光光谱和XPS对产物结构及作用机理进行表征与分析。将所制备的絮凝剂用于油田废弃钻井液的絮凝,以其CODCr去除率和悬浮物含量为指标,考察了絮凝条件对废弃钻井液处理效果的影响。结果表明胶原蛋白分子与Al(Ⅲ)间发生了配位反应,制备出了Al(Ⅲ)改性胶原蛋白絮凝剂。其用于废弃钻井液絮凝时,用量为20.7g/L,pH值为6～9,温度为20～40℃。絮凝后,废弃钻井液CODCr去除率达80.1%,悬浮物含量从初始的2115mg/L降至190mg/L,絮凝效果明显。     

粉煤灰制备聚硅酸铝絮凝剂处理洗煤废水研究

以粉煤灰为原料,经高温碱熔、中温酸浸、低温聚合,制备出聚硅酸铝絮凝剂。通过研究各种絮凝剂对洗煤废水的絮凝效果,探索了合成絮凝剂所需的最佳条件为Na2CO3用量按照摩尔比nNa2CO3:nSiO2=0.7:1加入,HCl用量按n:n=4:1投入,絮凝剂聚合阶段pH值控制在3为宜。     

木薯淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺絮凝剂制备的影响因素分析

以木薯淀粉与丙烯酰胺单体为原材料,采用水溶液聚合法制备淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺絮凝剂(St-PAM),以单体转化率与接枝率为指标,探究制备工艺条件对淀粉絮凝剂的影响,确定最佳合成条件为:反应温度55℃,淀粉与丙烯酰胺单体比1∶3,KPS浓度为6 mmol/L,反应时间为5 h。采用红外光谱、扫描电镜、热重分析进行结构表征与分析,并进行高岭土悬浮液絮凝测试,考察不同因素对St-PAM絮凝率的影响。在絮凝剂投加量为250 mg/L、温度为30℃、pH为7、该条件下St-PAM絮凝率可达86.6%。     

DF-3絮凝剂产生菌培养条件的优化

从花园土壤中筛选到一株有絮凝能力的菌株编号为DF-3,在温度为30℃,通气量（以摇床转速表示）为160r／min时通过实验确定DF-3的最佳培养条件：初始pH为8;20g／L果糖和5g／L葡萄糖为碳源;0．3g／L蛋白胨,0．5g／L酵母膏,0．5g／L尿素和0．2g／L（NH4）2SO4为最佳氮源;无机盐为2g／LKH2PO4,5g／L K2HPO4和0．1g／L NaCl。在这种条件下培养36小时所产微生物絮凝剂对高岭土悬浊液的絮凝率超过90％。     

Treatment of desizing wastewater by catalytic thermal treatment and coagulation

In the present study, the coagulation of the fresh and thermally treated desizing wastewater has been reported. The maximum COD reduction of fresh desizing wastewater using coagulation was observed with commercial alum at initial pH 4. This was followed by aluminum potassium sulfate (pH 4), FeCl(3) (pH 6), PAC (pH 6) and FeSO(4) (pH 4). The maximum COD reduction observed at a coagulant (commercial alum) dose of 5 kg/m(3) and pH 4 was 58% whereas the color reduction at these conditions was 85%. The results reveal that the application of coagulation on the catalytic thermal treated effluent is more effective in removing nearly 88% of COD and 96% of color at above mentioned conditions except at a coagulant dose of 1 kg/m(3). The amount of inorganic sludge generated gets drastically reduced (almost 25%) due to the reduced amount of coagulant. The COD and color of the final effluent were found to be 98.6 mg/l and 2.67 PCU, respectively, and the COD/BOD(3) ratio was 1.36. The settling rate of the slurry was found to be strongly influenced by treatment pH. The slurry obtained after treatment at pH 12 settled faster in comparison to slurry obtained at pH 4. The filterability of the treated effluent is also strongly dependent on pH. pH 12 was adjudged to be the best in giving highest filtration rate.     

Coagulation/flocculation process and sludge conditioning in beverage industrial wastewater treatment

Attempts were made in this study to examine the effectiveness of coagulation and flocculation process using ferric chloride and polyelectrolyte (non-ionic polyacrylamide) for the treatment of beverage industrial wastewater. Removal of organic matter (expressed as chemical oxygen demand, COD), total phosphorus (TP) and total suspended solid (TSS) using ferric chloride and organic polyelectrolyte during coagulation/flocculation process were investigated. Also, the optimum conditions for coagulation/flocculation process, such as coagulant dosage, polyelectrolyte dosage, and pH of solution were investigated using jar-test experiment. The effect of different dosages of polyelectrolyte in combination with coagulant was also studied. The results revealed that in the range of pH tested, the optimal operating pH was 9. Percentage removals of 73, 95 and 97 for COD, TP and TSS, respectively, were achieved by the addition of 300mg/L FeCl(3).6H(2)O, whereas 91, 99 and 97% removal of COD, TP and TSS, respectively, were achieved with the addition of 25mg/L polyelectrolyte to 100mg/L ferric chloride. The volume of sludge produced, when ferric chloride was used solely, was higher compared to the use of combination of polyelectrolyte and FeCl(3).6H(2)0. The combined use of coagulant and polyelectrolyte resulted in the production of sludge volume with reduction of 60% of the amount produced, when coagulant was solely used for the treatment. It can be concluded from this study that coagulation/flocculation may be a useful pre-treatment process for beverage industrial wastewater prior to biological treatment.     

Analytical profiling of biosynthetic intermediates involved in the gentamicin pathway of Micromonospora echinospora by high-performance liquid chromatography using electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection

In the present study, we developed a sensitive and highly selective method of detecting the biosynthetic intermediates involved in the gentamicin pathway from a cell culture of Micromonospora echinospora. A novel extraction method utilizing a dual solid-phase extraction (SPE) technique was employed to purify and recover all of the gentamicin-related components from the cell culture broth, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) was used to analyze the extractant for gentamicin intermediates. The pH of the culture broth was adjusted to an acidic condition of pH 2 prior to the extraction. The samples were first cleaned with a reversed-phase AccuBOND C(18) cartridge, and then the aminoglycosidic components were purified using a cationic exchanger OASIS MCX cartridge. The detection limit of a gentamicin standard spiked in blank medium processed by this method was found to be approximately 5 ng for each component of the gentamicin C complex, and the mean recovery for each component of standard gentamicin was above 91% when analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. We further demonstrated that this method enables the analytical profiling of the gentamicin-related compounds produced by wild-type M. echinospora ATCC 15835, which mainly produces the gentamicin C complex, and the UV-induced mutant strain KCTC 10506BP, which produces gentamicin B as the major product. Seven intermediates (paromamine, gentamicin A2, B, X2, A, JI-20A, and JI-20B) besides the gentamicin C complex were detected in the culture broth of both M. echinospora strains when analyzed by MS/MS for the distinct fragmentation patterns of each gentamicin component. This report displays the first example of the HPLC profiling in a wide range of structurally related biosynthetic intermediates involved in the gentamicin pathway.     

SYNTHETIC COPOLYMERS CONTAINING FREE OR PROTECTED CATECHOL RESIDUES FOR THE pH-CONTROLLED SELECTIVE FLOCCULATION OF ULTRAFINE DISPERSIONS OF ILMENITE WITH RESPECT TO RUTILE

Several multifunctional polymers for the pH controlled flocculation of titanium minerals active towards ilmenite and selective respect to rutile have been prepared. They are radical vinyl copolymers containing catechol functions either free or protected and acrylic acid units. They show the distinctive property of changing their effect from flocculating to dispersing or inert and vice versa by changing pH, with great advantages for the best fulfilment of the flocculating process. The tendency of the ilmenite particles to gather, as a result of the combined effect of the cathecholic and carboxylic functions at acidic pH, is considered an essential conditions and a preliminary process for the formation of floes     

Application of psyllium husk as coagulant and coagulant aid in semi-aerobic landfill leachate treatment

Landfill leachate is a heavily polluted and a likely hazardous liquid that is produced as a result of water infiltration through solid wastes generated industrially and domestically. This study investigates the potential of using psyllium husk as coagulant and coagulant aid for the treatment of landfill leachate. Psyllium husk has been tested as primary coagulant and as coagulant aid with poly-aluminum chloride (PACl) and aluminum sulfate (alum). As primary coagulant, the optimum dosage and pH for PACl were 7.2 and 7.5 g/L, respectively, with removal efficiencies of 55, 80 and 95% for COD, color and TSS, respectively. For alum, the optimum conditions were 11 g/L alum dosage and pH 6.5 with removal efficiencies of 58, 79 and 78% for COD, color and TSS, respectively. The maximum removal efficiencies of COD, color and TSS were 64, 90 and 96%, respectively, when psyllium husk was used as coagulant aid with PACl. Based on the results, psyllium husk was found to be more effective as coagulant aid with PACl in the removal of COD, color and TSS as compared to alum. Zeta potential test was carried out for leachate, PACl, alum and psyllium husk before and after running the jar test to enhance the results of the jar test experiments.     

嵌入式视频采集与处理系统在混凝剂加注控制中的应用

介绍了一种基于普通DSP的嵌入式视频图像采集与处理系统在混凝剂加注自动控制技术中的应用。该系统以TI公司C2000系列中的TMS320LF2812 DSP(数字信号处理器)芯片为核心,来实时采集和定量分析絮凝池中絮体的图像信息,算出絮体沉淀“等效直径”作为控制混凝剂加注率的目标值,并用进水流量和沉淀水浊度信号自动修正目标设定值。从而自动调整加注量,达到稳定沉淀水浊度的目的。     

Aluminium sulfate as coagulant for highly polluted cork processing wastewaters: removal of organic matter

This is the first part of a work on the chemistry of aluminium as coagulant in the treatment of highly polluted cork processing wastewater. The main aim of this first part was to determine the removal of organic matter - measured by reductions in chemical oxygen demand (COD), polyphenols (TP), and aromatic compounds (A) - that can be obtained using this physicochemical process. To this end, jar-test experiments were carried out to determine the optimal conditions for the process, in particular, the effective aluminium dosage, contamination level of wastewater, coagulant mixing time, stirring speed, and pH. The ranges of tested parameters for the coagulation process were: coagulant dose (33-166 mgL(-1) of Al(3+)), contamination of the wastewater (COD between 1060 and 3050 mgO(2)L(-1)), mixing time (5-30 min), stirring speed (60-300 rpm) and pH (4-11). The resulting removal capacities were in the ranges of 20-55% for COD, 28-89% for polyphenols, and 29-90% for aromatic compounds. The best results were obtained with a coagulant mixing time of 5 min and a stirring speed of 300 rpm. The optimal choices of pH and coagulant dose fundamentally depended on the contamination level of wastewater.     

两性聚丙烯酰胺的絮凝性能研究

将两性聚丙烯酰胺在钢厂综合废水及印染废水中进行了比较系统的絮凝试验，讨论了不同阳离子度的两性聚丙烯酰胺及不同ｐＨ值对絮凝沉降的影响，并与其它类型的絮凝剂相比较。实验结果表明，两性聚丙烯烯酰胺具有独特的絮凝性能，絮凝效果良好。     

Optimization of coagulation-flocculation process for pulp and paper mill effluent by response surface methodological analysis

Coagulation-flocculation is a proven technique for the treatment of high suspended solids wastewater. In this study, the central composite face-centered design (CCFD) and response surface methodology (RSM) have been applied to optimize two most important operating variables: coagulant dosage and pH, in the coagulation-flocculation process of pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment. The treated wastewater with high total suspended solids (TSS) removal, low SVI (sludge volume index) and high water recovery are the main objectives to be achieved through the coagulation-flocculation process. The effect of interactions between coagulant dosage and pH on the TSS removal and SVI are significant, whereas there is no interaction between coagulant dosage and water recovery. Quadratic models have been developed for the response variables, i.e. TSS removal, SVI and water recovery based on the high coefficient of determination (R(2)) value of >0.99 obtained from the analysis of variances (ANOVA). The optimum conditions for coagulant dosage and pH are 1045mgL(-1) and 6.75, respectively, where 99% of TSS removal, SVI of 37mLg(-1) and 82% of water recovery can be obtained.