Pore Size Distribution of High Performance Metakaolin Concrete

The Compressive strength, porosity and pore size distribution of high performance metakaolin (MK) concrete were investigated. Concretes containing 0,5%,10% and 20% metakaolin were prepared at a water/cementitious material ratio (W/C) of 0.30.In parallel, concrete mixtures with the replacement of cement by 20% fly ash or 5 and 10% silica fume were prepared for comparison.The specimens were cured in water at 27℃ for 3 to 90 days .The results show that at the early age of curing(3 days and 7 days),metakaolin re-placements increase the compressine strength ,but silica fume replacement slightly reduces the compressine strength.At the age of and after 28 days ,the compressive strength of the concrete with metakaolin and silica fume replace-ment increases.A strong reduction in the total porosity and average pore diameter were observed in the conctete with MK 20% and 10% in the first 7 days.     

大掺量混合材高性能混凝土的制备及强度特性

在固定用水量为130 kg/m3下,研究了粉煤灰、磨细矿渣和硅灰对水泥替代量为30%、50%、70%,水胶比为0.33的高性能混凝土的制备。探讨了粉煤灰、硅灰和矿渣对新拌混凝土流动性和抗压强度的影响。在低水胶比情况下,粉煤灰、磨细矿渣和硅灰大掺量复掺,可制备得到工作性良好、早期强度满足要求和后期强度有极好发展的高性能混凝土;在高效减水剂的作用下,在大掺量混合材混凝土中以硅灰、磨细矿渣取代部分粉煤灰,可以有效提高大掺量混凝土的早期强度,进一步改善新拌混凝土的工作性。     

聚丙烯纤维混凝土抗压强度与收缩性能时变规律研究

为了提高混凝土强度与改善混凝土的收缩性能,在混凝土中掺入聚丙烯纤维、硅灰及粉煤灰等掺合料,采用平行组对比试验,研究了掺合料对混凝土抗压强度和干燥收缩性能的影响规律,得到了相应的回归公式.结果表明,单掺粉煤灰的混凝土3,7,28 d抗压强度明显低于基准组,56 d抗压强度与基准组相差不大;复掺粉煤灰和硅灰混凝土的早期和后期抗压强度较单掺粉煤灰混凝土有不同程度的提高;聚丙烯纤维、粉煤灰和硅灰复掺可以显著抑制混凝土干燥收缩,且混凝土龄期与收缩率符合对数函数关系.     

硅灰粉煤灰对喷射混凝土性能影响

为了解决现场喷射混凝土普遍存在强度低、喷层易开裂、回弹量大、粉尘浓度高等问题,在喷射混凝土中加入不同掺量的硅灰、粉煤灰替代水泥,并通过室内试验和现场试验研究硅灰、粉煤灰对添加铝酸盐液态速凝剂喷射混凝土性能的影响。结果表明:铝酸盐液态速凝剂掺量为3%时,凝结效果最好;单掺8%的硅灰能有效促进铝酸盐液态速凝剂的凝结效果,提高混凝土强度,增加粘聚性;单掺粉煤灰可以降低速凝剂的促凝效果、降低混凝土强度、提高和易性。硅灰、粉煤灰和铝酸盐液态速凝剂混掺,对混凝土1 d抗压强度影响由主到次为粉煤灰掺量>速凝剂掺量>硅灰掺量,28 d抗压强度影响由主到次为速凝剂掺量>硅灰掺量>粉煤灰掺量,从而得出三者最佳组合。并结合新型喷射工艺进行现场试验,得出最佳组合能有效减少水泥用量、提高喷射混凝土强度、减少开裂、降低回弹和粉尘的结论。     

稻草纤维增强泡沫混凝土物理力学性能试验研究

为了研究稻草纤维增强泡沫混凝土的性能,以普通硅酸盐水泥为主要胶凝材料,硅灰、偏高岭土和粉煤灰为辅助胶凝材料,稻草纤维为增强材料,采用物理发泡法制备纤维增强泡沫混凝土;通过全因子试验,研究在不同水胶比和发泡剂掺量下,稻草纤维掺量对泡沫混凝土的密度、吸水率、抗压强度、抗折强度、劈裂抗拉强度和抗冻性能的影响。结果表明：对于不同水胶比和发泡剂掺量,泡沫混凝土的密度、抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度均随纤维掺量的增加呈现出先增加后降低的变化规律;抗压强度随密度增加呈幂函数增加关系;劈裂抗拉强度随抗压强度的增加呈指数函数增加关系;当水胶比为0.45时,抗折强度随纤维掺量的增加先增加后降低,当水胶比为0.50时,抗折强度随纤维掺量的增加而增加;纤维的掺入增大了泡沫混凝土的泡孔尺寸和吸水率,降低了其抗冻性能。     

INFLUENCE OF MINERAL ADMIXTURES ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE

The improvements of the mechanical properties, including bulk density of fresh mixtures, elastic modulus, and compressive strengths of four high - performance concrete mixtures, made with the addition of fly ash, refined ground blast - furnace microslag(microslag) and silica fume are studied. The concrete mixtures were determined based on the dispersion testing results. The study indicates that the elastic modulus at 28 and 91 days, and compressive strengths of the concretes are improved a lot when fly ash and microslag by 25 percent by weight of ce-     

碱激发复合渣体混凝土的试验研究

为利用碱(水玻璃、氢氧化钠、碳酸钠)激发粉煤灰和其他工业废渣(矿渣、锂渣及硅灰),改变这些渣体在混凝土中传统利用方式,以便更充分发挥这些工业渣体的活性,研究激发剂的种类、矿渣和粉煤灰的比例及粉煤灰和其他工业废渣复合时对混凝土强度的影响.结果表明,利用水玻璃和氢氧化钠复合激发可配制出强度更高的混凝土,当粉煤灰和矿渣的比例为80∶20时,混凝土28 d抗压强度仍可达66 MPa,粉煤灰∶矿渣∶锂渣∶硅灰=50∶30∶15∶5时,在不采用任何特殊措施的条件下,可配制出28 d抗压强度达85 MPa的环境降负性高强混凝土.同时,对这种混凝土的抗碳化性能进行研究,碳化试验表明,强度等级在C60~C80之间的混凝土,无论从保护钢筋的角度还是碳化后强度的变化情况考虑,其抗碳化性完全可以满足一般建筑的要求.     

掺合料混凝土抗硫酸盐性能及评价方法

研究了硅灰、矿渣微粉和粉煤灰三种常用矿物掺合料对混凝土抗硫酸盐腐蚀能力的影响。试验结果表明:三种矿物掺合料均可改善混凝土的抗硫酸盐腐蚀能力,作用效率由高至低依次为:硅灰>矿渣>粉煤灰;掺合料混凝土中砂浆膨胀值发展与混凝土硫酸盐腐蚀程度有良好相关性,采用混凝土中砂浆的膨胀值和抗压强度比两项指标能较准确的评价混凝土抗硫酸盐腐蚀的能力。     

纳米SiO2超高强高流态混凝土及改性机理

通过正交试验提出纳米超高强高流态混凝土的胶凝材料配合比设计参数,并研究了纳米SiO₂的掺入对传统掺硅灰、粉煤灰超高强水泥基胶凝材料强度及工作性能的影响。在保证水胶比不变的条件下,开展了混凝土配合比试验,并研究了纳米SiO₂对混凝土抗压强度的影响及其微观机理。结果表明：超高强高流态混凝土中胶凝材料最优比例为：纳米SiO₂：硅灰：粉煤灰：水泥=1：8：20：71;在胶凝材料用量为600~1 000 kg/m³范围内,随着其掺量的增加,混凝土流动度不断增加,抗压强度先增大后减小,当其掺量为800 kg/m³时,抗压强度最大。分析认为,纳米SiO₂、硅灰与粉煤灰形成的三元多尺度堆积体系能优化粉体材料在混凝土中的微集料密实填充效应,纳米SiO₂的二次水化反应也有效改善了硬化水泥石的微观结构,并优化其形态分布,进一步增大其强度。     

Effect of Fly Ash and Silica Fume on Hydration Rate of Cement Pastes and Strength of Mortars

The effect of fly ash and silica fume on hydration rate and strength of cement in the early stage was studied. Contrast test was applied to the complex cementitious system to investigate the hydration rate. Combined with mechanical strength, the influence of fly ash and silica fume during the hydration process of complex binder was researched. The peak of the rate of hydration heat evolution and the mechanical strength decreased as the ratio of fly ash increased, however, as the ratio of silica fume increased, the peak of the rate of hydration heat evolution and the mechanical strength increased obviously. When the ratios of fly ash and silica fume are 10% and 5%, the peak of the rate of hydration heat evolution is the highest. At the same time 7 days of flexural and compressive strength are the highest as 8.89 MPa and 46.52 MPa, respectively. Fly ash and silica fume are the main factors affecting the hydration rate and the mechanical property.     

典型悬浮添加剂对高水材料力学性质影响的试验研究

针对高水材料强度相对偏低、成本相对较高的问题,选取粉煤灰和硅粉两种添加剂,对高水材料进行改性研究,添加剂掺量梯度为5%、10%、15%和20%,采用了四川大学电子万能试验机和扫描电镜（SEM）两种试验设备,进行了添加剂对高水材料力学性质影响试验,探究了添加剂对高水材料微观结构及力学性能的影响。试验结果表明,掺20%粉煤灰和掺10%硅粉均可使高水材料的抗压强度提高到0.36MPa,与未掺添加剂高水材料相比,强度提高了20%,且能有效提高残余强度;添加剂的掺入改变了高水材料钙钒石晶体的发育形貌、直径大小以及空间网状结构的致密程度;证明了抗压强度的大小是由晶体形貌、直径大小、晶体结构的搭接方式以及网状结构的致密性共同影响的。     

Influence of fly ash and silica fume on water-resistant property of magnesium oxychloride cement

By incorporation of fly ash or silica fume into magnesium oxychloride (MOC) cement, a high water resistance material can be formed for successful industrial applications. The influences of fly ash and silica fume on water-resistant property were investigated by SEM and EDS. It is found that the incorporation of fly ash or silica fume can improve the water-resistance of the MOC. The improvement of the water resistance of the MOC incorporated with fly ash or silica fume may be attributed to the alumino-silicate 5·1·8 gel or silicate 5·1·8 gel.     

Deterioration of dynamic mechanical property of concrete with mineral admixtures under fatigue loading

The dynamic mechanical property of concrete is one of the key parameters, which greatly influences durability of infrastructures subjected to continuous heavy loading, such as girder and track slab of high-speed railway foundation structure. This paper reports serials of experiments designed to investigate the deterioration of dynamic mechanical properties of different concretes under fatigue loading condition. Four parameters including relative dynamic elastic modulus (RDEM), relative dynamic shear modulus (RDSM), relative compressive strength (RCS) and water absorption (WA) of concrete were evaluated to assess the dynamic properties and microstructures of concretes. Results show that the fatigue stress levels and fatigue cycle durations significantly influence the dynamic mechanical properties of concrete including dynamic elastic modulus and dynamic shear modulus. Addition of proper mineral admixture can improve the dynamic mechanical characteristics of concrete and increase its resistance against the fatigue loading effect. Keeping the amount of mineral admixture in concrete constant, its dynamic mechanical property with fly ash is lower than that with fly ash and silica fume. The water absorption in concrete, which is an indirect parameter reflecting capillary porosity, increases evidently after bearing fatigue-loading. There is a close correlation between the deterioration of dynamic mechanical property and the increasing of water absorption of concrete. This indicates that the damage of microstructure of concrete subjected to fatigue loading is the indispensable reason for the decay of its dynamic mechanical performance.     

硅灰掺量对活性粉末混凝土(RPC200)性能的影响

为了解硅灰对活性粉末混凝土性能的影响,以及硅灰在活性粉末混凝土中的增强机理,通过试验分析,讨论了活性粉末混凝土中硅灰掺量变化对混凝土密度、相对密度和抗压强度等性能的影响.硅灰的微填充效应有利于提高活性粉末混凝土的密度和相对密度,而火山灰效应有利于提高其强度.当硅灰掺量约为水泥掺量的25%~35%时,可获得性能较好的RPC200.为降低成本而又不大幅度损害活性粉末混凝土的强度,超细粉煤灰等矿物掺合料替代硅灰的量不宜超过20%.     

Evaluating Deterioration of Concrete by Sulfate Attack

Effects of factors such as water to cement ratio, fly ash and silica fume on the resistance of concrete to sulfate attack were investigated by dry-wet cycles and immersion method. The index of the resistance to sulfate attack was used to evaluate the deterioration degree of concrete damaged by sulfate. The relationship between the resistance of concrete to sulfate attack and its permeability/porosity were analyzed as well as its responding mechanism. Results show that the depth of sulfate crystal attack from surface to inner of concrete can be reduced by decreasing w/c and addition of combining fly ash with silica fume. The variation of relative elastic modulus ratio and relative flexural strength ratio of various specimens before and after being subjected to sulfate attack was compared.     

碱激发下粉煤灰-市政污泥固废基混凝土抗冻融性能

为改善市政污泥对混凝土抗冻融性能的劣化效果,在氢氧化钠及水玻璃的复合激发下,用经生石灰改性后的市政污泥取代10%细骨料,粉煤灰分别取代10%、20%与30%水泥,制备了混凝土。分析了不同冻融循环次数下,混凝土的表观现象、相对质量、相对动弹性模量、相对抗压强度及微观结构随粉煤灰掺量与碱当量的变化规律,分别以相对动弹性模量与相对抗压强度为损伤变量建立了不同的冻融损伤模型。研究结果表明：随冻融循环次数增加,混凝土表观损伤愈发严重,内部孔隙增多,相对动弹性模量及相对抗压强度显著降低;与对照组相比,粉煤灰及碱激发剂的加入可以改善市政污泥对混凝土冻融耐久性的劣化效果,降低混凝土在冻融循环作用下的质量损失、动弹性模量损失及抗压强度损失;当粉煤灰掺量10%、碱当量4%时,粉煤灰可在碱激发剂及改性污泥中残余碱的联合作用下被较充分地激发,可消纳改性污泥中的残余碱,减弱市政污泥对混凝土抗冻融性能的劣化效果,此时混凝土水化程度最高,在冻融循环作用下的质量损失、动弹性模量损失及抗压强度损失最小,且服役寿命最长,约为16a以上;相对动弹性模量与相对抗压强度相关性良好,分别以两者为损伤变量的冻融损伤模型与试验结果均吻合良好。     

Grey clustering theory to assess the effect of mineral admixtures on the cyclic sulfate resistance of concrete

Concrete specimens made with ordinary portland cement or ordinary portland cement incorporating fly ash with the replacement of 10% or 20%, ground blast furnace slag with the replacement of 15% or 30%, or 15% fly ash and 15% ground blast furnace slag were made and exposed to a cyclic sulfate environment. Concrete properties including relative dynamic elastic modulus, chloride ion diffusion coefficient, compressive strength and flexural strength were measured. Effect of mineral admixtures on the cyclic sulfate resistance of concrete was assessed based on the grey clustering theory. The experimental results indicate that the cyclic sulfate resistance of concrete incorporating ground blast furnace slag belongs to the higher grey grade, which exhibits that it possesses excellent cyclic sulfate resistance. With increasing addition of fly ash, the cyclic sulfate resistance of concrete changes from the medium grey grade to the lower grey grade, which shows that incorporation of fly ash is disadvantageous for the cyclic sulfate resistance of concrete.     

Preparation of High Performance Foamed Concrete from Cement, Sand and Mineral Admixtures

The titled high performance foamed concrete was developed from Portland cement, ultra fine granulated blast-furnace slag, pulverized fly ash and condensed silica fume by means of pre-foaming process. The resultant foamed concrete presents its thermal conductivity of about 0.16-0.75 W/（m·℃） and 28 d compressive strength of about 1.1-23.7 MPa when its mix proportion varies in the range of cement content 280 kg-650 kg/m^3, fly ash 42-97 kg/m^3, slag 64-146 kg/m^3, silica fume 34-78 kg/m^3, and sand 0-920 kg/m^3. The compressive strength of the foamed concrete with oven dried bulk density of 1500 kg/m^3 in appropriate mix proportion and with small amount of superplasticizer reached as high as 44.1 MPa. Meanwhile, the flesh foamed concrete behaves like an excellent flow-ability, therefore, is especially suitable for the application in case of massive foamed concrete casting in situ and in the case of filling casting into large volume underground irregular voids, except for pre-casting of building components like blocks, bricks, and wall panels.     

多种掺合料复合配置高强高性能混凝土的试验

为了探讨在混凝土中同时掺入粉煤灰、矿渣、硅灰及煤矸石等材料的特性变化及它们之间的作用机理,采用宁夏地区工业废料(煤矸石、粉煤灰、矿渣)、硅粉作为高强高性能混凝土的掺合料,通过混凝土配合比的正交试验,确定了混凝土最优配合比,并制备出工作性能较好,强度达到C60等级的高强高性能混凝土.试验结果表明:复合硅粉、粉煤灰、矿渣和煤矸石掺入混凝土中,一方面改善了混凝土内部孔隙结构、级配,并且不同掺合料产生复合叠加效应,使得混凝土更加密实;另一方面达到废物利用、绿色环保、节约成本的效果.     

硅灰对新型地质聚合物胶凝材料力学性能影响的研究进展

硅灰是冶炼金属硅或硅铁合金过程中产生的主要固体废弃物。目前,对硅灰的资源化利用受到了广泛的关注。根据地质聚合物所使用原料的不同,简要综述了硅灰对粉煤灰和偏高岭土基地质聚合物力学性能的影响。通过对比分析发现,硅灰掺杂能有效促进地质聚合物中N-A-S-H相的形成,从而改善其力学性能。与偏高岭土相比,粉煤灰中惰性石英相含量较高,难以活化,因此对硅灰需求量较大,这对于实际工业应用具有重要的指导作用,也为硅灰固体废弃物的高附加值利用新思路提供理论基础。