正庚烷在Pt/SAPO-41上异构化性能研究

以正庚烷为模型化合物,在连续微型反应装置上考察了Pt改性后的Pt/SAPO-41催化剂的异构化反应性能,探讨了工艺条件对异构化产物分布的影响。结果表明:Pt最佳负载量为0.55%;Pt/SAPO-41最佳工艺参数为温度400℃、压力为1.5MPa、液态空速为1.0h-1、VH2/Vn-heptane为600∶1;最佳条件下正庚烷转化率、C5+液收率,异构烃类和芳烃的选择性分别为79.82%,67.63%,71.44%和2.72%,且该催化剂具有良好的稳定性。     

正辛烯在CoMo/SAPO-11催化剂上的异构化反应性能

以正辛烯为模型化合物,在连续微型反应装置上考察了金属Co和Mo改性后的CoMo/SAPO-11催化剂的异构化的反应性能,探讨了工艺条件对异构化产物分布的影响。结果表明:改性后的Co-Mo/SAPO-11催化剂在温度为360℃、液态空速为1.0h-1、压力0.6MPa的反应条件下反应性能较好,此时的正辛烯的转化率、C5 液体产物收率都较高。     

含双金属的超稳Y沸石负载SO2-4/ZrO2强酸性催化剂上正庚烷临氢异构化

用超稳Y沸石(USY)负载SO2-4/ZrO2固体超强酸,并以此为载体制备含Pt双金属催化剂,用XRD和H2-TPR表征了催化剂的物化性质,并在常压固定床反应器上考察催化剂的正庚烷临氢异构化反应性能.结果表明, USY负载了SO2-4/ZrO2和双金属以后仍能保持沸石原有结构;贵金属Pt、金属助剂以及ZrO2等在USY载体上能够高度分散.在含Pt的催化剂中掺杂了Cr或Al金属助剂以后,正庚烷异构化产物选择性有了明显的提高,且具有更好的稳定性和低温活性;在USY负载SO2-4/ZrO2和0.4%Pt的催化剂上,正庚烷的转化率为42.1%时,异构化产物的选择性只有69.6%,而在掺杂了与Pt摩尔比为5:1的Cr或Al后,正庚烷的转化率分别为44.3%和42.1%时,异构化产物的选择性分别可提高到88.9%和89.5%.     

NiMo/SAPO-11催化剂上正辛烷的异构化性能

以正辛烷为模型化合物,在连续微型反应装置上考察了金属Ni和Mo改性后的NiMo/SAPO-11催化剂的异构化和芳构化的反应性能,探讨了工艺条件对异构化产物分布的影响。结果表明:改性后的NiMo/SAPO-11催化剂在温度为400℃、压力为2.0MPa、液态空速为1.0h-1、VH2∶Vn.octane为400∶1的反应条件下反应性能较好,正辛烷的转化率、C5 液体产物收率,异构化和芳构化产物的选择性分别为69.80%、56.95%、79.73%、1.29%。     

含双金属的超稳Y沸石负载SO2-4/ZrO2强酸性催化剂上正庚烷临氢异构化

用超稳Y沸石（USY）负载SO2-4/ZrO2固体超强酸，并以此为载体制备含Pt双金属催化剂，用XRD和H2-TPR表征了催化剂的物化性质，并在常压固定床反应器上考察催化剂的正庚烷临氢异构化反应性能。结果表明， USY负载了SO2-4/ZrO2和双金属以后仍能保持沸石原有结构；贵金属Pt、金属助剂以及ZrO2等在USY载体上能够高度分散。在含Pt的催化剂中掺杂了Cr或Al金属助剂以后，正庚烷异构化产物选择性有了明显的提高，且具有更好的稳定性和低温活性；在USY负载SO2-4/ZrO2和0.4%Pt的催化剂上，正庚烷的转化率为42.1%时，异构化产物的选择性只有69.6%，而在掺杂了与Pt摩尔比为5∶1的Cr或Al后，正庚烷的转化率分别为44.3%和42.1%时，异构化产物的选择性分别可提高到88.9%和89.5%。     

稀土元素Ce(La)促进的Pt/β催化剂上正庚烷的临氢异构化

采用共浸渍法制备稀土元素Ce、La修饰的Pt/Hβ催化剂,通过比表面积测定(BET)、X线衍射(XRD)、NH3程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)对催化剂进行表征,在连续流动常压固定床反应器上考察催化剂的正庚烷临氢异构化反应性能。结果表明:催化剂中Ce或La的引入提高了正庚烷转化率,同时还在很大程度上提高了异构化产物的选择性。CePt/Hβ催化剂的最佳组成为Pt负载量(质量分数)0.4%,n(Ce)∶n(Pt)=5∶1,催化剂在230℃的反应温度下表现出很高的正庚烷转化率(61.5%)和异构化选择性(96.7%),明显高于相应的Pt/Hβ催化剂性能(50.6%和82.4%)。另外,在脱铝β沸石及预先负载杂多酸(磷钨酸)的脱铝Y沸石载体上也发现了Ce或La对其催化性能的促进作用。稀土元素Ce和La通过改善催化剂酸性和Pt分散度而起到了助催化作用。     

Ni_xP_y/SAPO-11催化脂肪酸甲酯加氢处理制备烃类燃料

制备了一系列不同镍磷摩尔比的Ni_xP_y/SAPO-11和Ni/SAPO-11用于测试脂肪酸甲酯加氢处理(包括加氢脱氧和异构化反应)的反应性能,并对操作条件和催化剂稳定性进行了研究。结果表明,3%Ni_xP_y(3/2)/SAPO-11催化剂展现出了最佳的催化性能,脂肪酸甲酯转化率达到98.4%,烷烃收率达到88.6%;同时,比3%Ni/SAPO-11催化剂具有更高的异构化率。在温度为360℃、压力为1.5 MPa、重时空速为2.5 h~(-1)、氢气流量为60 mL/min的条件下,脂肪酸甲酯转化率和烷烃收率分别达到97.4%和96.1%,反应34 h后异构化率由59.5%降至24.7%。     

酸性沸石分子筛催化油酸异构化反应的研究

以酸性沸石分子筛催化油酸异构化制备支链油酸(ubc FA),并对产物加氢,得到C18饱和的支链脂肪酸(sbc FA)。采用气相色谱(GC)、气质联用(GC-MS)及核磁共振(NMR)技术对反应产物进行表征。研究了不同类型的酸性沸石分子筛对催化油酸异构化反应的活性差异,筛选出了对反应具有高活性高选择性的催化剂,最佳反应条件为:酸性丝光沸石分子筛6%(基于油酸质量),反应初压0.4 MPa,反应温度270℃,反应时间4 h。该反应条件下,油酸的转化率达98%,sbc FA的选择性达82%。     

酸性沸石分子筛催化油酸异构化反应的研究

以酸性沸石分子筛催化油酸异构化制备支链油酸(ubc FA),并对产物加氢,得到C18饱和的支链脂肪酸(sbc FA)。采用气相色谱(GC)、气质联用(GC-MS)及核磁共振(NMR)技术对反应产物进行表征。研究了不同类型的酸性沸石分子筛对催化油酸异构化反应的活性差异,筛选出了对反应具有高活性高选择性的催化剂,最佳反应条件为:酸性丝光沸石分子筛6%(基于油酸质量),反应初压0.4 MPa,反应温度270℃,反应时间4 h。该反应条件下,油酸的转化率达98%,sbc FA的选择性达82%。     

正构烷烃在Pt/SAPO-11催化剂上加氢异构反应性能

采用SAPO-11分子筛制备Pt/SAPO-11双功能加氢异构催化剂,以n-C_8、n-C_(12)和n-C_(16)为模型化合物考察正构烷烃的加氢异构反应性能。结果表明,所制备的催化剂具有较好的异构化活性和选择性,其中单甲基支链异构产物收率和总异构产物收率分别可达60%和75%以上,是低凝柴油和高档润滑油基础油的理想组分。不同链长正构烷烃的异构化产物分布基本一致,但链长较长的正构烷烃更容易发生异构化反应和裂解反应,在保证相同转化率条件下长链烷烃裂解产物收率偏高且异构选择性降低。     

Hβ沸石催化合成2,6-二异丙基萘

采用高压釜对Hβ沸石催化剂的萘异丙基化催化反应性能进行评价。系统考察了溶剂用量、异丙醇与萘的物质的量比、Hβ沸石用量、反应温度及反应时间等因素对异丙基化反应的影响，优化了反应条件。实验结果表明，合成2,6-二异丙基萘(2,6-DIPN)适宜的反应条件是：溶剂十氢萘用量25 mL·（0.05 mol-萘）^-1，n(异丙醇)∶n(萘)=2.5∶1，催化剂用量15%，反应温度270 ℃，反应时间6 h，此时萘的转化率达66.41%，DIPN及2,6-DIPN的收率分别达到18.72%和3.41%，同时2,6-DIPN和2,7-DIPN的比值达到1.56。覆硅改性Hβ沸石，在基本不改变孔道性能的前提下，有效钝化其外表面酸性位，从而改善其催化萘异丙基化反应的综合性能。硅油沉积量为0.4 mL·g^-1时，萘转化率81.21%，2,6-DIPN收率7.60%，2,6-DIPN与2,7-DIPN的比值保持在1.52的较高水平。     

分子筛催化合成对氯甲苯的研究

为了有效提高甲苯氯化反应的对位选择性,研究了在分子筛催化作用下甲苯与氯气直接氯化制取对氯甲苯。实验获得的最佳工艺条件为:V(1,2-二氯乙烷)/V(甲苯)=2∶1,m(分子筛)/m(甲苯)=0.4∶1,m(助催化剂氯乙酸)/m(催化剂)=0.2∶1,氯气流量为0.7 mL/s,反应温度为50℃,反应时间为3 h。在最佳反应条件下,甲苯转化率可以达到79.6%,最终产物中对氯甲苯的质量分数为76%。使用分子筛催化直接氯化法生产对氯甲苯,可以大大简化工艺过程,减少副产物的产生,降低生产成本。     

Zeolite beta catalysts for n-C7 hydroisomerization

Zeolite β with Si/2Al ratios of 60, 100, and 200 were synthesized using tetraethlammonium hydroxide (TEAOH) as the structure-directing agent (SDA) in the absence of alkali metal cations. Pt, Pd and Pt-Pd catalysts supported on the zeolite β samples were studied in n-heptane (n-C7) hydroisomerization. The Pt/β catalysts showed a higher catalytic activity than the Pd/β catalysts. For the Pt/β with a Si/2Al ratio of 100, its n-C7 conversion and selectivity of C7 isomers were observed to be 87.06% and 75.48% respectively at 250^°C. The activity of n-C7 conversion was stable for at least 82 h. However, the selectivity of C7 isomers was gradually decreased with the reaction time. Experimental data also showed that the addition of Pd to catalyst Pt/β enhanced the n-C7 conversion, but lowered the selectivity of C7 isomers. Pd catalyst was also observed to minimize the formation of aromatics in comparison with Pt catalyst.     

分子筛催化剂上二异丙苯异构化反应

通过筛选5种不同的催化剂，最终确定β沸石分子筛对二异丙苯异构化反应有良好的催化性能。考察了反应温度和空速对异构化反应转化率及选择性的影响，结果表明，170 ℃、3.5 MPa、空速2 h^－1下，β沸石上对二异丙苯的转化率45%，间二异丙苯的选择性69%。对催化剂的稳定性进行了考察，结果表明，在二异丙苯异构化反应中该催化剂表现出良好的稳定性。     

Zeolite beta catalysts for n-C7 hydroisomerization

Zeolite β with Si/2Al ratios of 60, 100, and 200 were synthesized using tetraethlammonium hydroxide (TEAOH) as the structure-directing agent (SDA) in the absence of alkali metal cations. Pt, Pd and Pt-Pd catalysts supported on the zeolite β samples were studied in n-heptane (n-C7) hydroisomerization. The Pt/β catalysts showed a higher catalytic activity than the Pd/β catalysts. For the Pt/β with a Si/2Al ratio of 100, its n-C7 conversion and selectivity of C7 isomers were observed to be 87.06% and 75.48% respectively at 250^∘C. The activity of n-C7 conversion was stable for at least 82 h. However, the selectivity of C7 isomers was gradually decreased with the reaction time. Experimental data also showed that the addition of Pd to catalyst Pt/β enhanced the n-C7 conversion, but lowered the selectivity of C7 isomers. Pd catalyst was also observed to minimize the formation of aromatics in comparison with Pt catalyst.     

磷改性USY分子筛催化剂上四氢萘选择性开环反应性能

通过P改性对USY分子筛酸量进行调节,考察酸量对四氢萘选择性开环反应的影响。结果表明,P改性后USY分子筛弱酸量增加,中强酸略增,强酸基本不变,P_(0.5)-USY分子筛弱酸量增加有利于四氢萘生成不饱和开环产物。负载贵金属Pt后,Pt_(0.4)/P_(0.5)-USY催化剂上四氢萘转化率99.37%,开环选择性40.79%,贵金属Pt的引入对结焦前驱体的生成有抑制作用。     

One-step conversion of syngas to light olefins over bifunctional metal-zeolite catalyst

Light olefins(C_2–C_4) are fundamental building blocks for the manufacture of polymers, chemical intermediates,and solvents. In this work, we realized a composite catalyst, comprising Mn_xZr _yoxides and SAPO-34 zeolite,which can convert syngas(CO + H_2) into light olefins. Mn_xZr_yoxide catalysts with different Mn/Zr molar ratios were facilely prepared using the coprecipitation method prior to physical mixing with SAPO-34 zeolite. The redox properties, surface morphology, electronic state, crystal structure, and chemical elemental composition of the catalysts were examined using H_2-TPR, SEM, XPS, XRD, and EDS techniques, respectively. Tandem reactions involved activation of CO and subsequent hydrogenation over the metal oxide catalyst, producing methanol and dimethyl ether as the main reaction intermediates, which then migrated onto SAPO-34 zeolite for light olefins synthesis. Effects of temperature, pressure and reactant gas flow rate on CO conversion and light olefins selectivity were investigated in detail. The Mn_1Zr_2/SAPO-34 catalyst(Mn/Zr ratio of 1:2) attained a CO conversion of 10.8% and light olefins selectivity of 60.7%, at an optimized temperature, pressure and GHSV of 380 °C, 3MPa and 3000 h~(-1) respectively. These findings open avenues to exploit other metal oxides with CO activation capabilities for a more efficient syngas conversion and product selectivity.     

A Highly Efficient Hβ Zeolite Supported Pt Catalyst Promoted by Chromium for the Hydroisomerization of n-Heptane

Hβ zeolite supported Pt catalysts promoted by Cr, La, Ce, Al or Zn were prepared by the co-impregnation method, and characterized by XRD, BET, NH₃-TPD and H₂-TPR. Their catalytic activities were evaluated in the hydroisomerization of n-heptane with an atmospheric fixed-bed reactor. The Pt-bearing catalyst doped with Cr, La or Ce, especially Cr, is found to exhibit a much higher catalytic activity and isomerization selectivity than the catalyst without the dopant. At the low reaction temperature of 230 °C, the catalyst with a Pt loading of 0.4% and a molar ratio of Cr to Pt of 5:1 shows a high conversion of n-heptane of 77.1% coupled with a high selectivity to isomerization products of 94.4%. In contrast, over the counterpart catalyst without Cr, the conversion of n-heptane is 50.6% with a low selectivity to isomerization products of 82.4%. The substantial promotion effect of Cr is suggested to associate with the improved Pt dispersion, as well as the increased strong acid amount, due to the introducing of Cr into the catalyst.     

α-龙涎醇的绿色合成

考察了NaY沸石催化香叶基丙酮(GA)环合制备α-龙涎醇的活性。结果表明,溶剂的促进作用顺序为:CH2Cl2>CHCl3>Cl(CH2)2Cl>C6H12>CH3NO2～C6H6。当m(GA)∶m(NaY)=1∶2,NaY为8g,CH2Cl2为80mL,40℃反应2h时,GA转化率为100%,产物对α-龙涎醇的选择性为80%。再生NaY沸石的催化转化效率同比下降7%～8%。提出了NaY酸催化GA的环化反应机理。