声障板对圆柱换能器轴向波束抑制技术研究

文章研究了声障板对圆柱换能器轴向波束抑制特性。利用有限元仿真方法建立了带轴向反声障板的圆柱形换能器的水中模型,通过改变障板距离圆柱形换能器的相对距离、直径等参数,探索了障板对圆柱形换能器轴向波束的抑制效果,并实际制作了带轴向障板的圆柱形换能器。结果表明:有限元仿真计算结果与试验测试结果吻合较好,利用障板技术可以有效地抑制圆柱换能器轴向声压。     

高频宽带圆管换能器研究

压电圆管换能器是水声领域中广泛应用的换能器之一,它一般采用压电圆管的径向振动模态。利用压电圆管的径向振动模态和高阶振动模态来实现圆管的宽带发射性能。采用有限元方法对圆管换能器进行了分析,利用ANSYS软件建立圆管换能器的有限元模型,并对其进行结构优化。最终所制作换能器的径向谐振频率为47.5kHz,其工作带宽为40~80kHz,发送电压响应起伏不超过±4dB,最大发送电压响应为150dB。研究结果表明：所采用的有限元法计算结果与测试结果吻合较好,换能器实现了高频、宽带、水平无指向性的发射性能。     

一种矩形辐射面宽波束换能器的设计

设计了一种可以宽波束发射的矩形辐射面换能器。通过设计矩形辐射面,适当减小矩形辐射面短边的长度,从而达到了减小换能器的横向尺寸,且增大短边平行截面上的波束宽度的目的,再引入聚氨酯硬质泡沫障板技术改变换能器的辐射声场,进一步改善了换能器的方向性。有限元分析和试制换能器测试结果表明:设计制作的13 k Hz工作频率矩形辐射面换能器,在12~15 k Hz工作频率范围内,换能器短边平行截面上的波束宽度达到105°~135°。     

面剪切振动模式弛豫铁电单晶换能器

[011]极化方向、zxt-45°切型的PIN-PMT-PT单晶因其高剪切压电应变常数、高机电耦合系数和高柔顺系数等特点,在水声换能器中存在广阔的应用前景。通过设计中间质量块的方法,将单晶产生的剪切振动转换为换能器的纵向振动,并利用辐射头的弯曲振动和圆环尾质量块振动的耦合拓宽工作频带。通过有限元仿真分析,研究了结构参数对各阶模态振型和谐振频率的影响。最终仿真得到的换能器工作频带6～18 kHz,最大发送电压响应为138 dB,带内起伏小于4 dB。研究结果表明：采用面剪切工作模式有利于实现换能器低频、小尺寸、宽带发射。     

自由端盖四梁凹形宽带弯张换能器设计

针对凹形弯张换能器改善低频宽带工作特性的技术需求,提出了一种自由端盖四梁凹形弯张换能器新结构。结构中将纵向振子的端部设计成弹性辅助梁,与主弯曲梁连接构成复合弯曲梁。同时为了克服弹性辅助梁对振动辐射带来的不利影响,引入了由纵向振子驱动的方形自由端盖并以此构成新的辐射端面。利用有限元软件分析了这种新结构弯张换能器的多模振动特性,模态分析表明换能器的前五阶模态是可利用的主要工作模态,频率间隔可以通过敏感结构参数进行调控。通过优化给出了一种设计方案,换能器整体几何尺寸为 140 mm×140 mm×396 mm,仿真分析了换能器在水中的导纳特性和发射电压响应曲线,结果表明：换能器最大发射电压响应大于 145 dB,发射电压响应起伏小于 6 dB的工作频带为 1.5~4.3 kHz,发射电压响应起伏小于 10 dB的工作频带为 1.5~8 kHz,具有低频宽带大功率工作特性。     

一种宽带纵振换能器

介绍一种宽带纵振换能器,利用换能器的纵振模态和前盖板弯曲振动模态的耦合,使发射电压响应-3dB带宽达到了一个倍频程.     

双激励加匹配层宽带水声换能器研究

采用双激励加匹配层来拓宽换能器的工作频带。利用有限元方法分析了双激励加匹配层换能器在空气中的振动模态,研究了这些模态在水中随几何尺寸以及匹配层材料参数变化的规律。并设计和制作了一种新型三谐振宽带换能器。与双激励或单匹配层换能器相比,增加了近一个倍频程的有效工作带宽,且频带内的响应起伏较平坦。其工作带宽为15kHz～42．5kHz．频带内发送电压响应的起伏为±3dB。     

纵弯耦合宽带换能器设计及高静水压实验分析

利用纵振换能器的前盖板弯曲振动与其纵向振动相耦合的方式来拓宽换能器的频带．采用有限元仿真软件ANSYS对换能器进行整体分析,经过大量的仿真计算,最终优化设计出纵弯换能器,使其电导响应和发送电压响应-3dB带宽均达到了一个倍频程,同时鉴于纵弯换能器耐压性能差,对其进行高静水压下实验分析,实验证明此换能器至少可以承受8MPa的静水压力。     

堆叠压电复合材料圆环阵换能器有限元分析与测试

利用有限元软件仿真设计了轴向堆叠压电复合材料圆环阵换能器的敏感元件。该换能器具有高频、宽带、水平全向发射的特性。利用ANSYS有限元分析软件对换能器敏感元件进行了模态分析和谐响应分析,通过改变复合材料结构参数,分析得到了复合材料圆环径向厚度振动频率和带宽随其厚度、高度和平均半径的变化规律,并据此确定了制备复合材料所需的最佳尺寸参数,为复合材料制备提供了仿真依据。按由仿真得到的最优参数制作了双圆环叠堆复合材料换能器敏感元件。经测试,该换能器形成了明显的双模耦合振动,其-3dBd工作带宽为90kHZ。测试结果和仿真结果吻合,实现了换能器的高频、宽带、水平全向发射声波的设计目标。     

准1-3复合型压电换能器的研制

水声高频换能器在水声领域具有广泛运用,然而常规厚度振动高频换能器在高频段存在强烈的高次径向耦合振动,制作出的换能器出现了阻抗曲线杂乱,相位一致性差,电声效率低的问题。设计制作了一种单一振动模态的换能器,通过将常规厚度振动换能器陶瓷片切割成密排矩形颗粒,再用环氧树脂将切缝填充满。制作两片直径为55mm的准1-3复合材料,由该材料制作的换能器谐振频率为293kHz,谐振点阻抗50,3dB阻抗带宽23.5 kHz,3dB开角为5.75°,50W电功率输出声源级达到217.5dB。通过该工艺可以消除高频厚度振动换能器的高次径向耦合振动,提高高频厚度振动换能器的电声转换效率和一致性,并能实现批量制作,为高频换能器在水声领域的广泛运用提供了新的手段。     

Multiresonance design of a Tonpilz transducer using the finiteelement method

The design and characterization of a wide bandwidth Tonpilz transducer is carried out using the finite element method. This wide bandwidth has been achieved by introducing a symmetric flexural resonance (sometimes called a “flapping” resonance) in the head-piece of the Tonpilz transducer. This flexural resonance is exploited by lip-mounting of the transducer as opposed to the more traditional nodal mount. Each transducer is characterized by high-power handling, high-electroacoustic efficiency, broad bandwidth (low-Q), and high-electromechanical coupling. These are characteristics which are usually associated with designs employing more complicated electrical or mechanical matching techniques. An array of these transducers was constructed and displays low-ripple (<3 dB) transmission of one-octave 20-40 kHz signals. A comparison with a recent broad-band design by Inoue et al. [1993] which uses a matching plate is also made to illustrate the inherent simplicity of the flexural resonance approach     

一种深水宽带换能器

深海潜水器是支撑探查和开发深海资源、开展深海科学研究、进行深海工程作业的重要装备,作为深海潜水器上的重要部件,可在超深水工作的声学换能器具有广泛的应用前景。介绍了一种深水宽带换能器的设计方法,采用纵弯换能器,该型换能器利用纵向振动和前盖板弯曲振动相互耦合,具有宽带工作的特点;换能器封装在带有压力平衡装置的耐压外壳中,耐压外壳采用钛合金材料,外壳及换能器内部充有硅油。实际测试表明,换能器最大工作深度可达7000 m,最大声源级大于195 dB,工作频段7~15 kHz,覆盖了深海探测领域常用的频段,具有良好的适应性和广泛的应用前景。     

Broadband tonpilz underwater acoustic transducers based onmultimode optimization

Head flapping has often been considered to be deleterious for obtaining a tonpilz transducer with broadband, high power performance. In the present work, broadband, high power tonpilz transducers have been designed using the finite element (FE) method. Optimized vibrational modes including the flapping mode of the head are effectively used to achieve the broadband performance. The behavior of the transducer in its longitudinal piston mode and in its flapping mode is analysed for in-air and in-water situations. For the 37.8% bandwidth of the center frequency from 28.5 to 41.8 kHz, the amplitude variation of the transmitting voltage response (TVR) does not exceed ±2 dB and a maximum TVR of 146.8 dB (ref. 1 μPa/volt at 1 meter) is obtained. Reasonable agreement between the experimental results and the numerical results is achieved. A maximum sound pressure level of 214.8 dB can be expected. Further numerical calculation indicates that there is potential for increasing the bandwidth by varying other parameters in the design     

A 64-kHz sandwich transducer fabricated using pseudo 1-3 magnetostrictive composite

A 64-kHz sandwich transducer employing a tube-shaped Terfenol-D/epoxy pseudo 1-3 magnetostrictive composite with 0.61 Terfenol-D volume fraction was developed to alleviate the intrinsic eddy-current losses in magnetostrictive alloy-based transducers. The transducer was designed to operate as a half-wave, longitudinal, mass-spring-mass, linear vibrator. It had a length of 15.7 mm and consisted of a magnetic circuit and a prestress mechanism. The magnetic circuit was composed of the composite tube, a pair of ring-shaped NdFeB permanent magnets, a drive solenoid, and a Ni-based magnetic flux guide. The distributions of the dc magnetic flux lines and magnetic field strength of the transducer were determined using an ANSYS finite-element model. The dynamic performance of the transducer was evaluated by measuring its electrical and vibrational characteristics. The results revealed that the transducer resonates at a frequency of 64.3 kHz with a strain coefficient of 39.2 nm/A, a mechanical quality factor of 39.6, and an effective coupling coefficient of 0.21. Eddy-current losses in the transducer were insignificant in the measured frequency range of 40 Hz-100 kHz. The good transducer performance indicated that Terfenol-D/epoxy pseudo 1-3 composites would be a promising magnetostrictive material for ultrasonic applications.     

一种大功率超声换能器的设计

基于超声换能器设计理论,提出一种大功率超声换能器的设计及工程计算方法。该换能器由纵向振动夹心式换能器、半波长圆锥形变幅杆和盘棒式工具头组成,根据设计参数及特点,实际制作换能器,通过测试该换能器频率f=20.24kHz,标称功率可达1500W,符合设计初衷。进而验证了这种计算方法的可行性。该换能器可用于污水处理、油田开采及生物柴油等领域的技术开发中,具有推广价值。