基于正交设计的压缩空气储能系统效率分析

根据压缩空气储能系统的结构特性,采用正交设计和数值模拟方法对压缩空气储能系统的压缩机绝热效率、级间冷却温度、储气室最低工作压力、回热度、膨胀透平绝热效率和燃烧室效率等6个参数进行实验设计和数值模拟,并对模拟结果进行效率分析.通过对实验结果的方差进行分析,得到设计参数对系统效率的影响程度.结果表明:在压缩空气储能系统中,压缩机绝热效率、级间冷却温度、回热度、压缩机绝热效率与级间冷却温度的交互作用、级间冷却温度与回热度的交互作用以及压缩机绝热效率与膨胀透平绝热效率之间的交互作用为影响压缩空气储能系统总过程效率的显著因素;在现有技术水平下,降低压缩机级间冷却温度和提高回热度是提高压缩空气储能系统效率的最佳选择.     

一种双工质气体压缩储能系统及其可行性分析

[目的]压缩空气储能系统储气库容大、储气压力高,往往需要采用地下盐穴储气库,项目开发受制于盐穴资源的稀缺性。压缩二氧化碳储能系统采用常压柔性气膜储气仓储存二氧化碳气体,气膜仓体积巨大,占地面积过大,难以满足建设用地指标有要求的工业园区。为了实现气体压缩储能在工业园区的广泛应用,提出了一种双工质气体压缩储能系统。[方法]系统整合压缩空气储能与压缩二氧化碳储能两个系统,并共用储气库。储气库采用特殊设计的承压容器,由柔性隔膜分隔成等压且可缩放的空气腔和二氧化碳气腔。系统通过压缩空气回路和压缩二氧化碳回路的协同工作实现储能和释能,并保持储气库维持恒压运行。为了评估系统的储能效果及能量密度,对基于3 MPa储气压力地面储气库方式的100 MW/400 MWh储能系统进行初步的热力学计算,并对工程可行性进行分析。[结果]结果表明：系统的储能效率为70.20%;能量密度为3.85 kWh/m³。系统适合工业园区配套储能,并可发挥其电、气、冷、热多联供的功能,相比电化学储能,具有显著的商业竞争力优势。[结论]针对工业园区储能场景,双工质气体压缩储能选址灵活、技术可行、设备成熟、成...     

基于喷雾换热的压缩空气准等温膨胀系统实验研究及性能分析

压缩空气储能(CAES)在一定程度上能够提高电网输电可靠性,是目前最具前景的储能技术之一,但系统工作循环效率低限制了其进一步发展。因此,为提高系统工作循环效率,对CAES系统工作过程进行相关研究。在压缩空气膨胀过程中喷入高温水雾以增强空气与水雾之间的热交换,从而实现气体的准等温膨胀,是提高CAES系统工作循环效率的有效途径。首先,本工作建立了压缩空气准等温膨胀数学模型;其次,搭建基于喷雾换热的压缩空气准等温膨胀系统进行相关实验研究,并对数学模型进行验证;最后,为获得压缩空气准等温膨胀系统的相关性能,利用所建立的数学模型,对系统工作过程中缸内空气压力和温度的变化情况以及影响系统输出功和释能效率的参数进行研究。研究结果表明：进气压力为1 MPa时,与绝热膨胀相比,准等温膨胀缸内空气最大温差仅为绝热膨胀的14.4%,系统输出功增加147 J,释能效率提高19.24%。当喷雾压力为6 MPa、进气压力为0.5 MPa时,系统释能效率可达81.41%。本研究为基于喷雾换热的压缩空气准等温膨胀研究提供理论支持。     

基于喷气射流装置的压缩空气储能透平进气调节系统

压缩空气储能系统的空气压力参数特性与膨胀透平发电机启动的参数要求相矛盾,使得机组在启动过程中升速和低功率时不易控制。通过对喷气射流装置的热力特性进行分析,设计基于喷气射流装置的改进型压缩空气储能系统,制定启动阶段控制策略,可以将压缩空气的高焓值小流量转化为混合气体的低焓值大流量,能够提高压缩空气储能冲转阶段和低负荷阶段的控制精度,达到膨胀发电机启动时的参数要求,实现压缩空气储能系统参数特性的解耦,而且能够提高系统效率。     

等温压缩空气储能系统液气传热特性研究

等温压缩空气储能（I CAES）无需补燃、能源利用率高且碳排放低,在大规模储能领域具有重要应用前景。在建立喷雾的I CAES系统的液气传热模型基础上,通过数值方法分析了喷雾流量对I CAES液气传热特性的影响规律。结果表明：采用喷雾方法能够有效抑制压缩和膨胀过程的温度变化、强化液气传热并实现理想I CAES过程;增大喷雾流量能够降低压缩功耗、提高膨胀做功并降低停机储气过程压损,可提高系统指示效率和储能效率。     

多级回热式跨临界压缩二氧化碳储能系统热力性能分析

为解决压缩空气储能系统储能密度和效率低的问题,建立了基于地下储气室的多级回热式跨临界压缩二氧化碳储能系统(Compress Carbon Dioxide Energy storage,TC-CCES)热力学模型及■分析模型,采用二氧化碳代替空气作为存储介质,对系统进行热力学性能分析和敏感性分析。结果表明:TC-CCES的储能密度达到57.29 kW·h/m~3,是先进绝热压缩空气储能系统(Advanced adiabatic CAES,AA-CAES)的2～25倍,储能效率和■效率分别为58.41%和67.89%,均高于AA-CAES;在TC-CCES中,储能过程的压缩机级间冷却器、释能过程的膨胀再热器以及回热系统中热泵■损失较大,通过提高系统储能压力、释能压力以及降低系统低压储气室入口压力,可以提高系统的储能效率和■效率。     

一种新型压缩空气储能系统的理论分析

根据中国西部干旱、缺水、高风沙和限制使用天然气的地区特点,提出了一种压缩空气储能的技术方案,并对其储能过程和发电过程进行了热力学分析,重点分析了压缩过程指数、最高储气压力和透平进气温度对系统能量转换效率的影响规律。研究结果表明:(1)系统电耗随多变指数的升高基本保持不变,能量效率都随多变指数的升高而增加,而热耗随多变指数的升高而大幅减小。(2)系统电耗和热耗都随压缩空气储能系统高压储气室内压力的变大而增加,而系统的能量效率随压缩空气储能系统高压储气室内压力变大而减小。(3)系统电耗和热耗都随高压气体透平进气温度的升高而下降,而系统的能量效率随高压气体透平进气温度的升高而升高。该研究对在中国开展和大规模推广应用压缩空气储能技术具有一定的参考价值。     

压缩空气储能系统的理论分析及性能研究

压缩空气储能技术和抽水蓄能技术是两种最具潜力的电能规模化储存技术。构建了四套压缩空气储能方案,结合热力学第一定律对高压储罐内压缩空气的温度与压力参数的变化规律以及不同储能方案性能进行了比较。研究结果表明,高压储罐在与环境换热较差时,高压储罐的充气过程会经历较为明显的温升现象。200 m3储罐以1.0 kg/s流速充气至10 MPa时,温升幅度为22.46 ℃,储气过程的温升现象降低了储罐的空气容纳能力。在压缩空气储能系统性能方面,四套储能系统的热耗位于4 100 kJ/kW·h至4 200 kJ/kW·h之间,系统效率位于52.30%与56.33%之间。在储能系统效率与对外输出电能总量指标上,高压储罐与环境之间换热性能较好的储能系统均要优于换热条件较差的储能系统。     

两级填充床式压缩空气储能系统充放电行为研究

基于两级填充床式压缩空气储能系统运行原理,建立了压缩机、透平、填充床蓄热器及储气洞穴的非稳态分析模型,对两级填充床式压缩空气储能系统充放电行为进行了模拟,分析了系统在给定充电功率下的整体热力学性能和各部件的运行特性。结果表明：相比于完整充放电循环,在给定的充电功率下系统的充放电效率仅为54.33%,下降了约8.07%;受到储能功率的影响,压缩机的效率变化范围较大,仅有77.13%的电能转化为压缩空气的内能,而高/低压透平因为进口处空气温度逐渐降低而偏离设计工况导致效率下降;压缩机和透平的火用损之和占总火用损的81.51%。     

压缩空气储能系统释能过程动态调控

压缩空气储能被认为是最具有发展前景的大规模储能技术,而压缩空气储能系统运行过程面对的是储气室压力变化以及输入/输出功率变化的复杂工况.针对压缩空气储能系统变工况运行需求和节流阀减压调节膨胀机入口压力存在控制精度低、压力损失大等问题,本研究提出采用阀门组合与减压容器相结合的压力控制单元来调控膨胀机入口压力、满足输出功率需求,并建立了集成压力控制单元的10 MW蓄热式压缩空气储能系统热力学模型.在此基础上,研究了储释能过程压力、温度、质量流量、功率等关键参数随时间的变化规律,揭示了阀门组合与减压容器相结合的压力控制单元调控膨胀机入口压力的机理与效果.压力控制单元与节流减压方式相比,释能过程的总?损失减小1.56×108 J,储能效率提高0.24％,储能密度提高0.04 MJ/m3.结果表明,本研究所提出的压力控制单元可以平滑地调控膨胀机入口压力,对保障压缩空气储能系统稳定高效运行,提高系统综合性能具有重要的作用.     

Modelling of a new hydro-compressed air-storage system

The interest in energy storage systems is increasing, since it provides an excellent solution to store the low-cost excess energy from the energy sources, which are available at peak demand hours. This paper presents a new compressed-air storage system that combines ambient air and hydraulic oil, in order to store energy in compressed-air form and benefit from the advantages of both pneumatic and hydraulic systems. The process consists of charging and discharging cycles, however, this paper investigates the discharging cycle, where a new technique of Small-Scale Compressed Air Energy Storage (SS-CAES) system is realised. The new idea in RC-CAHES is to obtain higher efficiency in energy conversion machines during charging and discharging processes with numerous advantages over conventional types of energy storage systems. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of this technique by proving that it has higher efficiency than a similar Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) systems.     

Technical principle of compressed air energy storage system

压缩空气储能被公认为是一种比较适合大规模系统的储能技术.本文对压缩空气储能的技术原理和发展现状进行了简要讲解,包括工作原理,工作过程,关键技术,发展现状,应用领域等.     

Research progress in compressed air energy storage system: A review

压缩空气储能系统通过压缩空气存储多余的电能,在需要时,将高压空气释放通过膨胀机做功发电,在电力的生产、运输和消费等领域具有广泛的用途,是目前大规模储能技术的研发热点。综述了压缩空气储能技术的研究与应用现状,包括工作原理、功能和应用情况,分析了压缩空气储能系统的类型和技术特点,并对压缩空气储能系统的关键部件和系统性能进行了分析比较,最后指出了压缩空气储能技术的发展趋势。     

Dynamic characteristics and operation strategy of the discharge process in compressed air energy storage systems for applications in power systems

In the context of the rapid development of large-scale renewable energy, large-scale energy storage technology is widely considered as the most effective means of improving the quality and security of electricity. In the existing energy storage technology, advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage (AA-CAES) technology has broad application prospects because of its advantages of low pollution, low investment, flexible site selection, and large capacity. However, the lack of an in-depth understanding of the dynamic characteristics of CAES systems has severely limited the development of system design and control strategy, resulting in a lack of commercial operation of large-scale CAES systems. This paper describes the design and implementation of a CAES plant and its controller for applications in the distribution network level. The dynamic mathematical models of AA-CAES were established and a feasible control strategy for the grid-connected process was developed to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the system in the discharge stage. The work done in this study provided a data reference for the deep understanding of the dynamic characteristics of AA-CAES, system design, and control strategy in the industry.     

An exergy analysis of a traditional compressed air energy storage system

压缩空气储能技术是具有较大发展前景的大规模储能技术之一,具有广阔的发展前景。使用Aspen Plus软件以传统压缩空气储能系统为例进行流程模拟,运用分析方法对模拟结果进行热力性能分析。分析结果表明,燃烧室的损失是系统各设备损失中最大的。同时还对压缩空气储能系统各个组成部件的运行效率与储能系统的损失之间的关系进行了敏感性分析,分析结果表明,对系统效率影响最大的参数为燃烧室效率,最小的参数为膨胀透平绝热效率。     

Current application situation and development prospect of physical energy storage technologies

作为可再生能源并网的关键技术,可再生能源的高速发展也带动了储能产业的发展和成熟。物理储能技术,发展历史长,技术较为成熟,部分已实现商业化运作;以抽水蓄能为代表,是电网调峰的主力,也在储能市场容量中占据着绝对份额。但无论是传统抽水蓄能,还是压缩空气储能都对环境、地理地质条件有较高的要求,极大地制约了这些技术的普遍推广和应用。因此物理储能也经历着应用模式的变革、传统技术向新兴技术转化的过程。虽然抽水蓄能、压缩空气储能和飞轮储能三种物理储能技术在原理、应用领域、安装容量以及未来发展趋势上各不相同, 但作为战略新兴技术,都需要技术的突破、政策和资金的支持以及更多的市场应用机会。     

Multi‐criteria algorithm‐based methodology used to select suitable domes for compressed air energy storage

Storing energy allows both the efficiency and availability of renewable energy to be increased, thus dissociating actual from expected generation and from consumption demands. Compressed air energy storage (hereinafter ‘CAES’) enables the efficient and cost‐effective storage of large amounts of energy, achieving a capacity of over 100 MWh. There are several geological structures that can be used as CAES, among which the use and construction of salt domes are particularly noteworthy. However, there is a high exploration risk associated with subsurface exploration. To this end, it is advisable to establish a detailed schedule to select and characterize structures, with the purpose of minimizing the aforementioned risk. Multi‐criteria algorithms can be used to establish a hierarchy of the alternatives and to identify the structures with the greatest potential with an objective approach. The analytic hierarchy process method is used in this paper as the selection algorithm, which is based on identifying and assessing criteria and weighting each criterion. In accordance with the analytic hierarchy process method, the goal was divided into a series of different level criteria, defining a breakdown structure of the problem to select salt domes. This paper defines a structure hierarchization method that allows the objective establishment of the areas with the highest potential for CAES, considering both technical and socioeconomic factors. Therefore, a supporting decision‐making method may be established to reduce the exploration risk associated with underground structures. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A compressed air energy storage system for wind power generation in western Inner Mongolia

内蒙古自治区陆上风能资源总储量达到了1380 GW,其中技术可开发量为380 GW,几乎占全国风电资源的一半.风力发电负荷已经占到内蒙古电网负荷的20%以上.针对这种情况,对大规模风电并入内蒙古电网进行了研究.在此研究基础之上,为了更有效的利用风电资源,设计了一台压缩空气储能电站.该压缩空气储能电站可以利用风电场夜晚的弃风电量进行储热,为白天的运行提供部分热源.最后,从热耗率,充电比与发电效率三方面对压缩空气储能电站进行了分析,研究结果表明,更高的储气压力和更大的储气容量能够得到更好的发电效率.     

Incorporating cycling costs in generation dispatch program – an economic value stream for energy storage

Increased variable generation penetration without reinforcing the power grid with additional flexibility in the form of fast responding reserves necessitates existing conventional generation fleet to undergo cycling operations that are detrimental to its economics and lifespan. This paper presents a systematic methodology to estimate cycling costs related to the ancillary service and start‐up/shutdown operations of various generators. Production costing programs are performed in the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 24 bus reliability test system to quantify the cycling costs associated with system operation. Two methods are investigated to reduce system cycling costs, namely, incorporating the cycling cost components within the generation offers submitted to the dispatch programs and integration of bulk energy storage. Simulation results were also used to assess the potential of storage projects to earn economic incentive when additional cycling cost components are incorporated within generation offers. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.