稀土和铝在皂化氯代环烷酸体系中分配比及分离系数的研究

分别对萃取剂皂化值为0.35mol/L、0.40mol/L,不同料液酸度、铝浓度条件下氯化稀土溶液在皂化氯代环烷酸萃取体系中的稀土和铝分配比及分离系数进行研究,表明当料液中含有中、高浓度铝时,皂化值为0.35mol/L氯化环烷酸体系可以在较高酸度的条件下获得铝和稀土相对更高的分离系数及更好的分离效果.实际生产中可通过提高料液酸度实现铝和稀土的有效分离,同时抑制其它非稀土杂质的萃取,更有利于降低产品中杂质的含量.     

环烷酸萃取体系中单一稀土和铝的分配比及分离系数的研究

对不同萃取剂皂化值、料液酸度和铝浓度条件下,单一稀土和铝在环烷酸体系中的分配比和分离系数进行研究,结构表明料液的酸度较高时,皂化值为0.35 M环烷酸体系可以获得铝和稀土相对更高的分离系数及更好的分离效果。铝离子浓度较低时,料液酸度较高的条件下仍可实现稀土和铝的较好分离,而铝离子浓度较高时(150 mmol/L),料液酸度较高不利于稀土和铝的分离。     

氯代环烷酸萃取体系中稀土和铝分配比及分离因数的研究

研究萃取剂皂化值、料液酸度和铝浓度对稀土和铝在氯代环烷酸体系中的分配比和分离因数的影响。结果表明,当料液的铝浓度较高时,该萃取体系在较高料液酸度下仍可较好地分离稀土和铝,且未有乳化现象发生;采用氯代环烷酸萃取体系分离稀土和铝的优化条件为:萃取剂皂化值0.35 mol/L、铝浓度12.5 mmol/L、pH=0.10,此条件下分配比DAl=0.53,DRE=0.05,分离因数βAl/RE=10.6。     

混合稀土料液中环烷酸萃取分离稀土和铝的研究

在环烷酸体系中,对不同混合轻稀土料液酸度、铝浓度和萃取剂皂化值条件下,一定配比混合稀土和铝的分配比D、分离系数β进行研究。结果表明,混合稀土料液酸度pH=0.5时,D_(Al)=16,D_(RE)=0.044 8,β_(Al)/_(RE)=356.9;当料液中Al_2O_3浓度为0.17～0.32g/L时,氧化铝的分配比D_(Al)1,β_(Al)/_(RE)有较大值;皂化度为0.3mol/L时,不仅能够避免由过皂化引起的乳化发生,同时稀土和铝还有较好的分离效果。因此高酸度、低浓度铝和低皂化度的环烷酸体系可以获得铝和混合稀土更好的分离效果和较高的分离系数。在最优工艺条件下进行稀土和铝分离萃取试验,有机相和水相较易分层,萃取反应界面基本无三相,分相极为理想,余液中铝含量小于0.011%,满足工业生产对铝含量的要求。     

环烷酸体系萃取分离稀土和铝的实验研究

在不改变料液酸度的条件下,研究了不同皂化值、相比和萃取级数对稀土和铝在环烷酸体系中的分配比和分离系数的影响.实验结果表明,环烷酸萃取体系分离稀土和铝的较优工艺参数为：皂化值0.25 mol/L、相比O/A=1.5,在此条件下,分配比DAl=4.035,DRE=0.111,分离系数βAl/RE=36.35,此外,随着萃取级数的增加,除铝率也会增加,当萃取级数大于2时,除铝率可达95%以上.     

高浓度镨钕料液去除杂质铝的工艺研究(Ⅰ)

以混合型稀土矿制得的镨钕料液为研究对象,采用环烷酸-异辛醇-磺化煤油作为萃取有机体系,萃取分离高浓度镨钕料液中的非稀土杂质铝,考察了萃取过程中环烷酸浓度、有机皂化度、相比、萃取温度等条件对铝去除率、稀土损失率以及分离系数βAl/RE的影响规律.结果表明,当环烷酸浓度为0.53 mol/L,有机皂化度为50％时,有机相与...     

环烷酸萃取分离稀土料液中铝的研究

采用环烷酸-异辛醇-煤油体系,研究去除高浓度稀土料液中铝离子杂质的最佳工艺条件。通过改变有机相皂化度、相比(O/A)等条件,对铝含量高达1.16mg/mL的稀土料液进行除杂试验。经过反复实验,最终确定环烷酸萃取分离稀土料液中铝离子的最佳工艺条件为:环烷酸/异辛醇/煤油=1∶1∶3体积比、皂化度0.10以及相比(O/A)=1.5/1。     

从稀土分解液中连续去除铁、铝

研究了南方离子型稀土分解液在萃取槽内用环烷酸连续去除铁、铝杂质,考察了分解液初始pH、杂质初始质量浓度、有机相皂化度和萃取级数对杂质去除效果的影响。结果表明:控制分解液初始pH为1~2、Al 3+初始质量浓度≤2g/L、有机相皂化度0.10mol/L及萃取级数20级,可获得Fe3+质量浓度30mg/L、Al 3+质量浓度300mg/L的合格料液,所得料液可进入分离工序进一步分离单一稀土;负载有机相经盐酸反萃取后回收其中的少量稀土,确保稀土收率。该工艺简单、连续、除杂率高,已成功实现产业化。     

P204-HCl-H3cit体系中镧铈分配比及分离系数研究

针对P204萃取剂在HCl体系中高酸度下镧铈分离系数较低的问题,研究了含有柠檬酸(H3cit)的P204-HCl体系中,料液酸度与柠檬酸浓度对镧铈分配比和分离系数及萃取容量的影响.采用FT-IR方法分析了镧铈分离系数提高的机理.实验结果表明:在P204-HCl-H3cit体系中,镧铈的分配比和分离系数随酸度的增大而降低,随柠檬酸浓度的增加而提高,稀土元素的萃取容量随柠檬酸浓度的增大而提高.当料液酸度pH值为1.0、柠檬酸浓度为0.25mol/L时,镧和铈的分离系数为4.1,稀土的最大萃取容量为24 g/L,其指标优于相同酸度下的皂化P204-HCl体系.     

P204-HCl-H3cit体系萃取分离轻稀土的研究

针对在高酸度下二(2-乙基己基)磷酸(P204)萃取轻稀土氯化物时,La3 、Ce3 、Pr3 、Nd3 之间分离系数较低的问题,以H3cit-HCl-RECl3溶液为水相,1.5mol/LP204-煤油为有机相,进行了单级萃取实验,实验结果表明,P204在萃取高酸度稀土溶液时(pH=1.0)轻稀土分离系数和有机萃取量明显高于无柠檬酸(H3cit)的萃取体系.考察了P204萃取分离柠檬酸轻稀土时料液酸度、柠檬酸浓度、料液浓度对分离系数的影响,并与生产实际中皂化P204-HCl体系Ce/Pr分离生产线的萃取结果进行了对比,其结果说明,由于柠檬酸的加入强化了Ce和Pr的分离过程,所以在柠檬酸体系中Ce/Pr的分离效果优于盐酸体系.     

Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression.

Two studies investigated the role of expressive vocal behavior (specifically, speech rate and loudness) in fear and anxiety and in sadness and depression. In the 1st study, participants spoke about personally experienced fear and anxiety-arousing and neutral events using 3 different voice styles: fast and loud, normal, and slow and soft. In the 2nd study, participants spoke about personally experienced sad or depressing and neutral events using the same 3 voice styles. In both studies, the participants' highest levels of subjective affective and cardiovascular (CV) arousal occurred when they spoke about the emotional events in a mood-congruent voice style: fast and loud in the case of fear and anxiety, and slow and soft in the case of sadness or depression. Mood-incongruent voice styles canceled the heightened levels of CV arousal normally associated with these negative emotions. The voice-style manipulation had no significant effect on the participants' levels of CV arousal during the neutral discussions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sexuality and aging--usual and successful

BACKGROUND: As aging research increasingly reflects an effort to dissociate true time-driven changes from those that can be improved, sexuality in later life remains largely unexplored. Several problems are evident. There is a lack of normative data, a lack of a conceptual framework relating to the biology, psychology, and sociology of sex, and an attitudinal resistance that obscures the entire topic. METHODS: We conducted a three-part instructional series on major topics involved with sexuality and aging. We surveyed our group of attendees (n 158, average age 68 for males, 65 for females) before and after the series. RESULTS: A remarkably robust sex life was evidenced by both the men and the women, even until advanced old age. Yet, a substantially decreased involvement was reported from 10 years earlier. Despite current activities, people of both sexes wished they were participating even more than they currently were. Impotency was identified as the major negative feature for the men; relationship problems were for the women. A questionnaire 6 months after the series reported improved sexual attitudes, but no change in sexual activities from the earlier survey. CONCLUSION: Sexuality is a major quality-of-life issue which persists into old age. Our study showed that the usual sexual practices reported by our group were not considered by them to be ideal. The intervention of this instructional series provided improved sexual attitudes but not performance. Additional studies are encouraged.     

Synthesis and analysis of mixed chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and assessment of formation and occurrence of the fluorinated and chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is still uniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable difference between the length of survival in each given patient, even within the same tumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factors that might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107 patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectively investigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2, and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meier survival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity for mdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastoma multiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02). P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivity for p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperative irradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variables significantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, age over 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did not significantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present study identified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as a statistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearing anaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed a possible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with the biological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and sports

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occur predominantly in the lower lumbar spine. Besides congenital defects such as predisposition of spondylolysis the correlation between competitive sports activities and an increased incidence of spondylolysis is proved. In early stages, complete healing can be achieved by conservative treatment (abstinence from sports activities for 3 months, orthesis). Persistence of pain, neurologic symptoms and progression of vertebral slipping are indications for operative treatment (reconstruction of the isthmus, dorso-ventral spondylodesis). The exercise tolerance depends on the extent of instability, progression of vertebral slipping and clinical symptoms. The limits of exercise tolerance vary among the individual athletes and require the decision of the physician. Backstroke swimming, abdominal and back muscle strengthening exercises, and types of sport involving smooth movements are advisable. Sports education in school is possible without restriction in patients with stable spondylolysis and in those with spondylolisthesis without unfavourable concomitant factors.     

Larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of Benjamin Franklin's maxim "early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." DESIGN: Cross sectional analysis of sleeping patterns in a nationally representative group of elderly people, and longitudinal investigation of mortality. SETTING: Eight areas in Britain (five in England, two in Scotland, and one in Wales). SUBJECTS: 1229 men and women aged 65 and over who in 1973-4 had taken part in a survey funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and for whom data on sleeping patterns, health, socioeconomic circumstances, and cognitive function had been recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported income, access to a car, standard of accommodation, performance on a test of cognitive function, state of health and mortality during 23 years of follow up. RESULTS: 356 people (29%) were defined as larks (to bed before 11 pm and up before 8 am) and 318 (26%) were defined as owls (to bed at or after 11 pm and up at or after 8 am). There was no indication that larks were richer than those with other sleeping patterns. On the contrary, owls had the largest mean income and were more likely to have access to a car. There was also no evidence that larks were superior to those with other sleeping patterns with regard to their cognitive performance or their state of health. Both larks and owls had a slightly reduced risk of death compared with the rest of the study sample, but this was accounted for by the fact that they spent less time in bed at night. In the study sample as a whole, longer periods of time in bed were associated with increased mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, the presence of illness, and other risk factors, people who spent 12 or more hours in bed had a relative risk of death of 1.7 (1.2 to 2.5) compared with those who were in bed for 9 hours. The lowest risk occurred in people who spent 8 hours in bed (adjusted relative risk 0.8; 0.7 to 1.0). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support Franklin's claim. A "late to bed and late to rise" lifestyle does not seem to lead to socioeconomic, cognitive, or health disadvantage, but a longer time spent in bed may be associated with increased mortality.     

IQ and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness.

The constructs of intelligence and ego-resiliency are discussed. The personality implications of "pure intelligence" and "pure ego-resilience" were identified. Intelligence (IQ) was indexed by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS—R) and ego-resiliency by an inventory scale. Residual scores measuring "pure intelligence" and "pure ego-resilience" were correlated with the items of the observer based California Q-sort, used to describe participants. Persons relatively high on ego-resilience tend to be more competent and comfortable in the "fuzzier" interpersonal world; persons defined primarily by raw IQ tend to be effective in the "clearer" world of structured work but tend also to be uneasy with affect and less able to realize satisfying human connections. Gender differences exist in the relations of ego-resilience and intelligence and in their adaptive relevance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Conserving and retaining equalities and inequalities through observation and correction.

Investigated the effects of modeling and corrective feedback on the conservation of equalities and inequalities, with items spanning 3 stimulus dimensions (length, number, and 2-dimensional space). Ss were 48 kindergartners (24 boys, 24 girls). Brief observation of a model, briefer correction training (joining positive feedback with verbal rule provision), and the combination of observation and correction were all successful in producing learning and, without further training, transfer and retention of conservation. Unlike the controls (who also never correctly answered any equality items), the trained experimental Ss gave evidence of spontaneously generalizing their new learning to a task that required nonverbal behavior to manifest conservation. (17 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reasoning and food and contamination.

Examines strategies that are used to reason about food and contamination. In Exp 1, Ss refrained from choosing a substance that had been given a "poison" label when the intent of the labeler was ambiguous or malicious but preferred this substance when a rationale was provided that dispelled the implication that there once might have been contaminants present. Exp 2 was designed to compare the effects of safety on conditional reasoning in food and food-irrelevant contexts. When the safety issue was relevant to food in the form of contamination, Ss were most likely to use formal logic in reasoning. A similar pattern of responses was found in Exp 3 on tasks for which Ss' ratings of their experience of contexts were matched for plausibility, experience, and danger. Results are discussed in terms of an adaptive constraint that facilitates rationality in reasoning within the food domain (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Craniometaphyseal and craniodiaphyseal dysplasia, head and neck manifestations and management

Mechanical allodynia (MA) following hand injury is a well-documented clinical problem. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the relationship between hand MA and the upper limb tension test (ULTT). The ULTT mechanically stresses the neural structures from the C5/6/7 neural foramina to the median nerve distally. This study examined 29 subjects with unilateral hand MA before and after a 2-week neural self-mobilization programme. There was a significant difference between the subjects' affected and unaffected sides when tested using the ULTT, both in reproduction of symptoms and in reduced range of motion of the ULTT. Following the self-mobilization program, there was an improvement in the range of the ULTT, and subjects reported a reduction in their symptoms. Complete recovery was not obtained in all cases. The results of this study suggest that the ULTT is a useful tool both in assessment and treatment of subjects with hand MA.