一种带有可滑动可旋转质量环的宽频带压电振动能量采集器（英文）

报道了一种基于谐振器自我调频机理设计并制作的宽频带压电振动能量采集器(PVEH).该能量采集器主要包括一个双端固定梁结构、两个压电传感单元和一个可动金属质量环.在该结构中,利用可动质量环代替传统能量采集器中的固定质量块.在外界振动作用下,该可动质量环不仅可以滑动而且可以旋转.实验表明,在外界振动加速度分别为0.2g、0.4g、0.6g的情况下,该能量采集器的带宽分别为16.0 Hz、16.9 Hz和22.6 Hz.与固定质量环、一个压电传感单元的相同结构PVEH相比,该能量采集器的带宽分别增加了416!、463!和653!.因此,该可滑动可旋转质量环的引入可以有效增加能量采集器的带宽,从而为宽频带能量采集器的设计提供了一种简单易行的方法.     

L型压电振动能量采集器的有限元分析与特性仿真

单频悬臂梁式压电振动能量采集器存在工作频带窄、采集转换效率低等问题。通过在单频悬臂梁式压电振动能量采集器的水平悬臂梁末端增加一垂直悬臂梁,构造了一种L型宽频压电振动能量采集器;运用有限元法建立L型振动能量采集器的有限元分析模型,仿真分析了L型振动能量采集器的结构参数对其前两阶模态频率的影响,得到了结构最优尺寸。利用Hamilton原理建立了L型能量采集器的机电耦合分析模型,对其振动特性和电输出特性进行了数值仿真,结果表明L型结构能够提高能量采集器的工作频带和采集效率。     

宽频压电振动能量采集器的力-电输出特性分析

压电振动能量采集器是一种新型的力(加速度)-电耦合转换输出器件,为了提高单自由度悬臂梁压电振动能量采集器的输出功率和工作频带,通过在单自由度悬臂梁压电振动能量采集器模型基础上增加一个弹性放大器的方法,构造形成了具有两自由度的宽频压电振动能量采集器。利用ANSYS有限元软件建立了宽频压电能量采集器的有限元力-电耦合模型,数值分析了模型中各参数(如质量比、阻尼比以及负载电阻等)对系统力特性(速度、加速度等)和电输出特性(电压、电流、输出功率等)的影响。研究结果表明：大的质量比和小的阻尼比能够提高压电悬臂梁能量采集器的输出功率并拓展其工作频带;短路谐振状态下的匹配电阻能够使能量采集器产生较大的输出电流,而开路谐振状态的匹配电阻能够使能量采集器产生较大的输出电压,优化后的短路谐振和开路谐振最大输出功率分别达到4386.5 mW/g2和4263.4 mW/g2。频带宽度达到10 Hz,且是SDOF系统的5倍。     

多稳态压电振动能量采集器的非线性动力学特性及其实验研究

为了提高非线性双稳态压电振动能量采集器的输出性能,提出了一种基于磁-机-压电耦合的非线性多稳态振动能量采集器,通过在双稳态压电振动能量采集器模型基础上增加一对外部磁铁,构造了具有四个稳态的非线性压电振动能量采集器。利用磁偶极子理论建立了采集器悬臂梁末端磁铁与外部磁铁之间的非线性磁力模型;利用Hamilton原理和Raleigh-Ritz方法建立了四稳态压电振动能量采集系统的分布参数机电耦合动力学模型;仿真分析了磁铁水平间距和外部磁铁间距等参数对系统非线性磁力、非线性分岔特性和动力学特性的影响。制作了四稳态压电振动能量采集器原理样机,搭建了样机性能测试平台,实验结果与仿真结果具有较好的吻合度。研究结果表明四稳态压电振动能量采集器可以在低激励水平作用下显著提高能量收集效率,且具有较宽的工作频带。     

周期荷载作用下拱式振动能量采集器的压电分析

能源需求的不断增加以及环境问题的日益凸显迫使人们在环境中寻求清洁能源。该文提出了一种新型拱式能量采集器,能有效利用波浪的振动能量。从拱式振动能量采集器的工作原理分析能量采集的可行性,采用Comsol建立了拱式能量采集器的有限元计算模型,分析周期荷载作用幅值、激励频率、负载电阻、压电片位置和基础层材料等参数对能量采集器压电性能的影响,确定采集器的最优设计参数。     

预应力式压电能量采集器的模型和试验分析EI北大核心CSCD

为提高振动能量的采集效率,设计了一种基于预应力梁的压电能量采集器。基于欧拉-伯努利梁理论,建立了基础激励条件下含预应力压电陶瓷悬臂梁的动力学模型,并利用数值仿真的方法对其输出功率、电压等性能进行分析。最后搭建了试验平台对上述预应力能量采集器的样品进试验测试,对其输出电压、输出功率和自由端位移与预应力大小关系进行分析和研究。试验结果显示在相同条件下,5.9 N轴向预拉力作用下的压电能量采集器的开路电压比无预应力条件下提高了11.6 V。对相同容量的电容的充电试验结果表明,含5.9 N轴向预拉力的压电能量采集的平均充电电压比无预应力情况下提高了1.55 V。数值仿真和试验结果均显示含预应力的PEH的能量采集效率得到明显提高。     

基于双ZnO薄膜单元并联结构的微型压电振动能量采集器(英文)

报道了一种基于ZnO压电薄膜双单元结构的压电式微型振动能量采集器,其中的双压电元件是并联结构.采用射频磁控溅射技术制备ZnO压电薄膜,同时,该压电式振动能量采集器采用微加工技术制作.测试表明该器件的共振频率为1 300 Hz,基于ZnO薄膜双单元并联结构的压电式振动能量采集器比起具有同样尺寸的传统型压电振动能量采集器有更高的输出性能.在频率为1 300 Hz,加速度为10 m/s2的外界振动激励下,该压电式振动能量采集器在1 MΩ负载电阻上产生的电压为2.06 V;当负载电阻为0.6 MΩ时,输出功率最大为1.25μW.     

多稳态压电振动能量采集器的动力学模型及其特性分析

提出了一种双线性弹性元件耦合的多稳态压电振动能量采集器,利用线性弹性元件的大变形引起采集器结构几何构型的变化,使采集器产生单稳态、双稳态和三稳态等非线性振动特性,达到提高能量采集器输出性能的目的。建立了双线性弹性元件耦合压电振动能量采集器的非线性恢复力模型,基于该模型,利用Rayleigh-Ritz模态分析法和能量守恒原理建立了能量采集器的集总参数机电耦合动力学模型,通过对动力学模型无量纲化处理后,仿真分析了系统参数对能量采集器的静力学特性(如非线性恢复力、势能、静态平衡点及其分岔)和动力学特性(振动位移、速度、相图、采集电压等)的影响。有限元计算结果验证了该仿真分析结果的正确性。研究结果表明:系统参数α=β≠0时能量采集器表现出光滑连续的单稳态、双稳态和三稳态等动力学特性,其中双稳态和三稳态振动时的能量采集输出功率比线性能量采集器高。     

双自由度压电振动能量采集器的力-电输出特性分析

在单自由度悬臂梁压电振动能量采集器模型基础上增加一个弹性放大器,构造形成了具有双自由度的压电振动能量采集器。利用ANSYS有限元软件建立了双自由度压电能量采集器的有限元力-电耦合模型,数值分析了模型中各参数(如质量比、阻尼比以及负载电阻等)对系统力特性(速度、加速度等)和电输出特性(电压、电流、输出功率等)的影响。研究结果表明:大的质量比和小的阻尼比能够提高压电悬臂梁能量采集器的输出功率,并能拓展其工作频带;短路谐振状态下的匹配电阻能够使能量采集器产生较大的输出电流,而开路谐振状态的匹配电阻能够使能量采集器产生较大的输出电压。研究结果还表明:对于尺寸为50.8mm×31.8mm×0.26mm的悬臂梁基板和50.8mm×31.8mm×0.14mm的压电晶体构成的双自由度系统,在基础加速度40m/s2、频率38Hz的外界振动激励下,系统在负载电阻短路和开路状态下的最大输出功率分别达到4 386.5和4 263.4mW,是单自由度系统的10倍。双自由度系统的频带宽度达到10Hz,是单自由度系统的5倍。     

非对称、变势能阱三稳态压电振动能量采集器特性研究

为了提升压电振动能量采集器的综合输出性能,提出了一种具有非对称、变势能阱的三稳态压电振动能量采集器,它由一个末端带磁铁的压电悬臂梁以及一对可随弹簧拉伸和压缩而变动的外部磁铁构成。外部磁铁固定在水平弹簧自由端并与基座相连,且能够随着弹簧压缩和拉伸发生水平移动和转动,从而使系统产生非对称且随时间变化的势能阱。基于点磁荷法和拉格朗日函数,建立了压电振动能量采集系统的非线性磁力模型和分布参数动力学模型;仿真分析了磁铁间距离以及加速度和弹簧刚度等参数对系统势能及其动力学响应特性的影响规律。研究结果表明：弹簧拉压是产生非对称、变势能阱的主要因素;弹簧刚度使非对称势能阱的深度变浅,使采集器更易进入大幅阱间振动状态;随着弹簧刚度的增大,采集器输出电压随之先增大后减小。在低激励振幅下,非对称、变势阱能量采集器比传统对称势阱采集器有更广的频带宽度和更高的采集效率。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.