光纤光栅倏逝波传感器灵敏度研究

基于光纤布喇格光栅传感原理,分析了倏逝波光纤布喇格光栅(EWFBG)传感器的传感特征,建立了传感器反射波长随环境折射率变化的数学模型,并导出了波长灵敏度函数。结合函数分析了传感器的光纤光栅直径、外界液体折射率与灵敏度的关系,运用模式耦合理论进行模拟。结果表明,光纤传感区域纤芯越细,外界液体折射率与纤芯折射率相差越小,其反射中心波长漂移量越大,传感器灵敏度越高。通过对纤芯直径为6.2μm和8.2μm在1.33¹.46环境折射率范围内的波长响应关系拟合,分别获得了1.25nm和1.14nm的波长变化量,灵敏度数量级为10-51.46环境折射率范围内的波长响应关系拟合,分别获得了1.25nm和1.14nm的波长变化量,灵敏度数量级为10-5¹0-6,论证了分析结论的正确性。为EWFBG折射率传感器的设计、优化及应用提供了参考依据。     

新型的分段结构光纤倏逝波传感器

提出一种基于倏逝波吸收原理的分段结构光纤倏逝波传感器。运用光束传播法(BPM)对分段和直形波导模型进行数值模拟,分段波导中高阶模在每次分段的第一个界面上被反复地激发。分析不同结构、纤芯直径和溶液浓度对传感器灵敏度的影响,通过化学腐蚀方法制备出不同结构参数的倏逝波传感器,并用不同浓度亚甲基蓝溶液对传感器的灵敏度特性进行实验验证。实验结果表明,在传感直径相同的条件下,传感长度为5cm分段结构光纤倏逝波传感器的灵敏度为0.0135L/mmol,优于传感长度为6cm的传统的单一直形传感器的灵敏度0.0102L/mmol。分段结构光纤倏逝波传感器能有效地激发光纤中低阶模到高阶模的转变,从而提高传感器的灵敏度。实验结果与模拟和理论结果相符。因此,分段结构光纤倏逝波传感器相对于传统的单一的直形传感器不仅具有较高的灵敏度,且机械强度较高,在物质光谱检测方面有着潜在的应用。     

光纤倏逝波化学传感器灵敏度特性研究

为了克服传统光纤化学传感器的不足,运用宽光谱分析法设计一种基于倏逝波原理的光纤化学传感器,研究了传感器的几何结构参数,溶液浓度与灵敏度的关系。运用光束传播法(BPM)分析传感器几何结构参数与灵敏度的关系;通过化学腐蚀方法制备出不同参数结构的传感器,并用不同浓度亚甲基蓝溶液对这些传感器进行实验验证。实验结果表明,模拟结果与实验结果相符,溶液浓度越大,传感区纤芯越细、越长,灵敏度越高;文章提出的光纤倏逝波化学传感器在水质检测方面有着潜在的应用。     

高灵敏度分段结构光纤倏逝波传感器

提出一种基于倏逝波吸收原理的高灵敏度分段结 构光纤倏逝波传感器。运用光束传播法(BPM)对分 段和直形波导模型进行数值模拟,分段波导中高阶模在每次分段的第1个界面上被反复的激 发和吸收。分析 不同结构和溶液浓度对传感器灵敏度的影响,通过化学腐蚀方法制备出不同结构参数的倏逝 波传感器,并用 不同浓度亚甲基蓝溶液对传感器的灵敏度特性进行实验验证。实验结果表明,在传感直径相 同和分段结构传 感器的传感长度3cm短于传统的单一的直形传感器传感长度5cm的条件下,分段结构传感器 的灵敏度是 0.038L/g,优于直形传感器的灵敏度0.026L/g。分段结构光纤倏逝波传感器能有效激发 光纤中低阶模到高 阶模的转变,从而提高传感器的灵敏度。实验结果与模拟和理论结果相符。因此,分段结构 光纤倏逝波传感 器相对于传统的单一的直形传感器不仅具有较高的灵敏度,且机械强度较高。     

纳米光纤传感器

根据纳米光纤的倏逝波传输特性，提出将亚波长直径氧化硅纳米光纤用于光学传感器的研究设想。通过求解Maxwell方程，得到由于周围环境折射率变化而引起的光纤传导模的位相改变，并由此计算传感器的灵敏度。研究结果表明，使用纳米光纤研制传感器，可以获得比微米级光纤或波导传感器更小的结构尺寸和更高的灵敏度。     

本征型光纤倏逝波化学传感器的研究

为了克服传统光纤化学传感器的不足,本文提出基于倏逝波原理的本征型光纤化学传感器。根据光线理论数值分析了传感器几何结构参数,溶液折射率与灵敏度的关系。通过化学腐蚀方法制备出不同参数结构的传感器,进行实验系统设计,并用不同浓度亚甲基蓝对这些传感器进行了实验研究。实验结果与数值计算结果一致,传感区纤芯越细,越长,其灵敏度越高。为了提高传感器灵敏度并保证纤芯不至于太细而折断,应少减小传感器直径,有效增加其长度。     

线性锥形光纤倏逝波传感器的灵敏度分析

倏逝波的透射深度、均匀感应区域的感应芯径和感应长度是线性锥形光纤倏逝波传感器灵敏度的主要影响因素。为了实现灵敏度的最优化设计,分别建立了倏逝波透射深度与锥形参数之间关系及有效吸收路径与感应芯径和感应长度之间关系的数学模型,讨论了不同锥形参数(发射角、锥度比、锥长)下倏逝波的透射深度,不同感应芯径和感应长度下倏逝波的有效吸收路径,并进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,选择锥形光纤几何体和合适的发射角,可使透射深度增大近3倍,当锥度比为0.4时,倏逝波透射深度最大;减小感应芯径,增大感应长度可提高倏逝波的有效吸收路径,增强纤芯表面的倏逝波与周围吸收介质的作用强度。研究结果可用来指导制作高灵敏度线性锥形光纤倏逝波传感器。     

倏逝波光纤布拉格光栅归一化反射率特性研究

基于光波导理论与光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）的模式耦合理论,对倏逝波FBG传感器的能量衰减特性进行了分析研究。最后得到了FBG的归一化反射率的表达式,它是外部介质折射率（SRI）和FBG纤芯直径的函数。理论仿真显示FBG归一化反射率会随着SRI增大和FBG腐蚀程度的加深而减小,呈非线性关系。实验结果也证明增大SRI（小于包层介质折射率）或者增大FBG的腐蚀程度都会使光纤纤芯中的传输能量减小,增强倏逝波与外部媒介的相互作用,从而增加传感器的灵敏度。     

光纤倏逝波传感器探针灵敏度分析

针对直线型光纤探针结构特点,从倏逝波场能量的角度对探针的灵敏度进行理论建模,推导出探针平均倏逝波吸收系数的表达式.在此基础上从探针锥型长度与纤芯半径的匹配关系、入射角度、溶液折射率这几个方面对灵敏度的影响进行实例计算.计算结果表明:在探针长度一定时,合理的选择锥型长度与纤芯半径能有效地提高探针灵敏度,实例中最高有接近69倍的差别.同时入射角越靠近全反射角,溶液折射率越大,则探针的灵敏度越高.最后通过实验研究表明,实验结果与理论计算具有一致性.     

基于FPGA的倏逝波型光纤气体检测研究

文章就光纤气体传感器的背景和发展进行了介绍,并且对倏逝波型的光纤气体检测原理进行了分析与研究.设计了一款基于FPGA的倏逝波型的光纤气体检测系统.通过模拟与实验,提高了检测灵敏度和响应时间,可进行多种气体检测.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.