理化因子对嗜盐隐杆藻细胞生长及胞外多糖产量的影响

比较不同ＮａＣｌ、Ｃａ２＋、ＰＯ３－４等离子浓度对嗜盐隐杆藻（Ａｐｈａｎｏｔｈｅｃｅｈａｌｏｐｈｙｔｉｃａ）细胞生长及胞外多糖（Ｅｘｏｐｏｌｙｓａｃ－ｃｈａｒｉｄｅＥＰＳ）产量的影响。在各影响因子不同浓度的培养条件下,０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＮａＣｌ、１．０ｇ／Ｌ的Ｃａ（ＮＯ３）２·４Ｈ２Ｏ、０．１ｇ／Ｌ的ＫＨ２ＰＯ４分别是其最佳生长浓度。ＥＰＳ的产量在０．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＣｌ、,０．５ｇ／ＬＣａ（ＮＯ３）２·４Ｈ２Ｏ、０．５ｇ／Ｌ的ＫＨ２ＰＯ４培养条件下最高。在较低的Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋、ＰＯ３－４浓度下可提高ＥＰＳ产率。     

液膜法分离富集,测定水中微量锶

用状液膜体系对锶进行分离富集，该体系包括协同流动载体（ＰＭＢＰ、ＴＢＰ）、表面活性剂（ＳＰＡＮ８０）、增强剂（丙三醇）、溶剂（正己烷）和内相（１．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的盐酸溶液）。实验表明，在适宜的条件下，锶的富集效率可达９９．５％以上，而在此条件下许多共存离子，如Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ａｌ＾３＋、Ｃａ＾２／、Ｍｇ＾２＾＋、Ｃｒ＾３＋、Ｃｏ＾２＋、Ｎｉ＾２＋、Ｚｒ＾４＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋、Ｐｂ＾２＋和ＲＥ＾３     

巯基羊毛对Zn^2＋,Cu^2＋,Pb^2＋等重金属离子的吸附特征

利用巯基羊毛对重金属离子Ｚｎ＾２＋,Ｃｕ＾２＋Ｐｂ＾２＋的水溶液进行了吸附研究。探讨了巯基羊毛对这些金属离子的吸附性能,结果表明,最佳吸附酸度为Ｃｕ＾２＋：ｐＨ＝４．０～７．０,Ｐｂ＾２＋：ｐＨ＝４．２～６．０,Ｚｎ＾２＋：ｐＨ＝４．５～７．３饱和吸附量为Ｃｕ＾２＋：１．１９ｍｇ／ｇ,Ｐｂ＾２＋：２．８２ｍｇ／ｇ,Ｚｎ＾２＋：１．２２ｍｇ／ｇ并对该三种金属离子的分离,富集,回收和巯基羊毛的再生条件     

磷酸三丁酯—硅胶柱反相萃取层析金（Ⅲ）的研究及应用

本文设计了磷酸三丁酯－硅胶柱，系统地研究了对金（Ⅲ）的反相萃取柱层析条件、选择性、柱寿命和再生方法。在将王水稀释至５％￣３０％的体系中，金（Ⅲ）可被 定量萃取层析，用１５％盐酸溶液和１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ醛酸钠溶液淋洗杂质，用１０ｇ／Ｌ亚硫酸钠溶液洗脱金，不仅金回收率可达１００％（孔雀绿光度法测定），而且选择性高，可与Ｔｌ＾３＋，Ｐｔ＾２＋，Ｐｄ＾２＋，Ａｇ＾２＋，Ｐｂ＾２＋，Ｓｂ＾５＋，Ｈｇ＾２＋，Ｆｅ＾     

羧甲基淀粉吸附剂对水溶液中铬和铝离子的吸附研究

羧甲基淀粉（ＣＭＳ）吸附剂是惭烯接枝到交联淀粉骨架上研制而成的。先用静态法和动态法研究羧甲基淀粉吸附剂对Ｃｒ＾３＋、Ａｌ＾３＋的吸附效果以及ＰＨ值对吸附的影响,然后用不同浓度的ＨＣＩ溶液（０．３～１．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）进行解吸,研究吸后Ｃｒ＾３＋、Ａｌ＾３＋的回收情况,并探讨了吸附剂的吸附机理,结果表明：ＣＭＳ吸附剂的静态等温吸附符合２Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｉｌｉｅｃｈ吸等温式,动态吸附的吸附时间大大缩短,明显     

磺酸盐溶液中的铅锡合金电镀研究

本文研究了一个氨基磺酸盐电镀液，可以用来在铜板表面，电沉积出Ｐｂ／Ｓｎ为９０／１０到４０／６０组成的铅锡二元合金。在２５℃，ＰＨ值１．２的镀液中，通常可采用０．５Ａ／ｄｍ＾２的电流密度。本文研究了一系列的镀液添加剂，发现采用１．５ｇ／Ｌ胨＋１．５ｇ／Ｌ朋胶＋１．５ｇ／Ｌ联苯三酚可获得最好的镀层质量。     

固体超强酸SO4^2—／ZrO2—TiO2催化剂的研制及其催化合成草莓酸酯的 …

选用ＳＯ４＾２－／ＭｘＯｙ型固体超强酸催化草莓酸的酯化反应,筛选出催化剂ＳＯ４＾２－／ＺｒＯ２－ＴｉＯ２,制备该催化剂的最优条件为：钛锆物质的量比为４：１,氨水调节ｐＨ值８～９,用浓度为０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ硫酸浸渍,马弗炉５５０℃焙烧３ｈ;使用该仙化剂合成草莓酸酯的最优酯化条件为：催化剂用量３ｇ／ｍｏｌ,酯化时间３ｈ,其催化合成草莓酯戊酯产率可达９０．８％。     

极谱法测定冷却水中的乙二胺四甲叉膦酸钠

在６．８×１０＾－４ｍｏｌ．Ｌ柠檬酸钠，醋酸－醋酸钠缓冲溶液（ｐＨ＝５．２＋中，Ｃｕ＾２＋可与乙二胺四甲叉膦酸钠（ＥＤＴＭＰＳ）络合，使铜峰降低，峰电位Ｅｐ＝－０．２４Ｖ（银－氯化银电极）。乙二胺四甲叉膦酸钠浓度在３－５０ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内与峰高降低值呈线性关系。采用ＪＰ３－１型示波极谱仪，二次微分，起始电位０．００Ｖ，终止电位－１．２０Ｖ测定，检出银为１ｍｇ／Ｌ，变异系数为３．２％－６．０％，回收率     

Pd~(2+)-I~--TBAB三元缔合物萃取光度法测定钯含量

介绍了Ｐｄ２＋－Ｉ－－ＴＢＡＢ（四丁基溴化铵）三元缔合物萃取光度法测定钯的方法。该方法以Ｌ（＋）抗坏血酸作为掩蔽剂，干扰离子Ｃｕ２＋，Ｆｅ３＋的允许量均为２．５μｇ／ｍＬ，Ｐｄ２＋浓度为０～４μｇ／ｍＬ，完全符合比耳定律（萃取剂作参比），方法的相关摩尔吸光系数ε为２．０９×１０４Ｌ／（ｍｏｌ·ｃｍ），桑德尔灵敏度Ｓ为５．０７×１０－３μｇ／ｃｍ２。工作曲线的应用范围为１～４μｇ／ｍＬ。     

结晶盐浆泵新型双相不锈钢的研究

本文设计了用于Ｈ２ＳＯ４１１０．５ｇ／Ｌ、Ｎａ２ＳＯ４３８７ｇ／Ｌ、ＺｎＳＯ４１４．４ｇ／Ｌ，密度为１．３５ｇ／ｃｍ＾３，温度为５０℃的工况介质的泵用新型双相不锈钢的金相组织与化学成分，采用金相显微镜和Ｘ射线衍射的方法观察与分析了钢的金相组织，并研究了钢的耐蚀性能，同时与性优良的９０４和ＣＤ４ＭＣｕ钢进行了对比。试验结果表明，新型双相不锈钢（ＫＳ－３）经１１００℃固溶处理后的耐蚀性能明显好于９０４     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。