水泥-矿渣复合胶凝材料硬化浆体的微观结构

利用压汞法、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜研究了两种不同养护条件下水泥-矿渣复合胶凝材料硬化浆体的微观结构.结果表明:常温养护3d龄期时,随着矿渣的掺入和掺量的增加,硬化浆体的孔隙率越大,大孔含量越多;硬化浆体微观形貌显示,掺矿渣试样的反应程度比纯水泥试样更低,密实程度较差.水化后期,复合胶凝材料的水化程度虽然比纯水泥试样低,但复合试样的孔隙率更低,孔径细化.纯水泥试样中水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)凝胶的微观形貌呈单向分布的纤维状,而复合胶凝材料试样中矿渣反应生成的C-S-H凝胶呈三维分布的箔片状,能更有效的隔断和填充连通的孔隙.在高温养护条件下,掺矿渣复合胶凝材料硬化浆体早期和后期孔隙率均较低,高温激发了矿渣早期的活性.     

水泥-矿渣复合胶凝材料硬化浆体的微观结构（英文）

利用压汞法、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜研究了两种不同养护条件下水泥-矿渣复合胶凝材料硬化浆体的微观结构。结果表明:常温养护3 d龄期时,随着矿渣的掺入和掺量的增加,硬化浆体的孔隙率越大,大孔含量越多;硬化浆体微观形貌显示,掺矿渣试样的反应程度比纯水泥试样更低,密实程度较差。水化后期,复合胶凝材料的水化程度虽然比纯水泥试样低,但复合试样的孔隙率更低,孔径细化。纯水泥试样中水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)凝胶的微观形貌呈单向分布的纤维状,而复合胶凝材料试样中矿渣反应生成的C-S-H凝胶呈三维分布的箔片状,能更有效的隔断和填充连通的孔隙。在高温养护条件下,掺矿渣复合胶凝材料硬化浆体早期和后期孔隙率均较低,高温激发了矿渣早期的活性。     

活性与惰性掺合料对复合胶凝材料水化性能的影响

采用ESEM、MIP、XRD及SEM等测试技术研究活性(粉煤灰)和惰性(石灰石粉)掺合料对复合胶凝材料强度、孔结构及水化产物等的影响,以此揭示水泥-粉煤灰-石灰石粉胶凝材料体系的水化特性。结果表明:石灰石粉和粉煤灰复掺具有比粉煤灰更好的减水效应,复合胶凝材料的强度也比单掺粉煤灰高;石灰石粉和粉煤灰复掺时,能够很好地填充熟料颗粒间的孔隙,显著改善孔结构,降低孔隙率,使孔隙结构得到细化;石灰石粉在复合胶凝材料中后期水化明显,生成水化碳铝酸钙;SEM照片也证实了石灰石粉水化活性以及对孔结构的改善作用。石灰石粉和粉煤灰复掺能优化复合胶凝材料体系,提高材料的水化性能。     

模压可燃药筒的孔隙结构分析

采用5种测试仪测定了两种可燃药筒的真密度和表观密度,用氮气吸附法和压汞法对两种可燃药筒的孔隙结构进行了表征,研究了药筒的孔隙率、比表面积、孔容和孔径分布.结果表明,振实密度法和气体置换法可用于测定可燃药筒的表观密度和真密度,药筒的孔以狭缝形和楔形孔为主,孔径分布较宽.压汞法可用于可燃药筒的孔结构分析,测得可燃药筒的孔隙...     

含有活性或惰性掺合料的复合胶凝材料硬化浆体的微观结构特征

用压汞法测定了不同温度条件下养护的含有粉煤灰或石英粉的复合胶凝材料硬化浆体的孔隙率.用扫描电镜观察了硬化浆体的微观形貌,同时测定了各种组成的复合胶凝材料的净浆强度.常温水化初期,活性与惰性矿物掺合料都只具有物理填充的作用,硬化浆体的孔隙率和强度由矿物掺合料的掺量所决定.高温水化条件下粉煤灰的火山灰反应提前发生.随水化龄期延长,粉煤灰逐渐发生火山灰反应,使硬化浆体结构密实,其强度逐步提高.活性与惰性矿物掺合料对复合胶凝材料浆体结构与性能的影响的差异在水化后期逐渐显现.     

凝石混凝土耐久性能研究

凝石是一种新型硅铝基胶凝材料,其耐久性能引人关注,本文对比研究了相同实验条件下,相同配合比的凝石混凝土和水泥混凝土的耐久性能,重点研究了抗碳化性能、抗氯离子渗透性能和抗渗性能,用压汞法测试了水化28 d的凝石净浆和水泥净浆的孔隙率和孔结构,并用SEM观察了凝石混凝土和水泥混凝土的界面过渡区.结果表明:相同实验条件下,凝石混凝土的抗碳化性能、抗氯离子渗透性能和抗渗性能均优于同配合比的水泥混凝土,其原因是凝石浆体具有较好的孔径分布,同时凝石混凝土的界面过渡区结合紧密.     

碱–磷渣–粉煤灰胶凝材料的性能与硬化浆体结构(英文)

为充分利用磷渣和粉煤灰两种工业废渣生产高性能胶凝材料,研究了不同磷渣/粉煤灰配合比的碱–磷渣–粉煤灰胶凝材料性能,并用扫描电子显微镜和压汞仪分析了硬化浆体的细观结构和孔结构。结果表明:碱–磷渣–粉煤灰胶凝材料的凝结时间正常,在粉煤灰掺量为0～30%(质量分数)范围内,随粉煤灰的掺量的增加,碱–磷渣–粉煤灰胶凝材料的凝结时间略有延长。与普通硅酸盐水泥相比,碱–磷渣胶凝材料的抗压强度较高,其3d和28d抗压强度分别可达到30.9MPa和98.8MPa,但其抗折强度相对较低。掺加粉煤灰后碱胶凝材料的抗压强度降低,而抗折强度提高。碱–磷渣–粉煤灰胶凝材料的耐蚀性和抗冻性能均显著优于硅酸盐水泥,其干缩比硅酸盐水泥的大。用部分粉煤灰取代磷渣粉可一定程度减小干缩。碱–磷渣–粉煤灰胶凝材料硬化浆体的结构非常致密,其孔隙率和平均孔径均小于普通硅酸盐水泥硬化浆体。     

压汞法测定材料孔结构的误差分析

根据压汞法测量材料孔结构的基本原理分析了可能引起误差的来源。压汞法测定材料的孔径分布依据的是Washburn方程,基本的理论模型是圆柱孔模型,实际样品中的孔隙均存在异形孔,这给测量带来误差。汞的表面张力和汞与材料表面的接触角直接影响测量结果。     

大掺量钢渣复合胶凝材料早期水化性能和浆体结构

通过对胶凝材料早期水化放热性能和水化产物种类的测定,以及对硬化浆体显微形貌和孔结构的观察,研究了大掺量钢渣复合胶凝材料的早期水化性能和硬化浆体结构.结果表明:钢渣具有弱胶凝性能,早期活性低,大掺量钢渣使复合胶凝材料的水化诱导期延长,水化放热量降低,但对水泥早期的水化产物形成过程影响很小.大掺量钢渣复合胶凝材料早期的硬化浆体结构较疏松,孔隙率高于纯水泥浆体,且大孔数量较多.     

碱-磷渣-粉煤灰胶凝材料的性能与硬化浆体结构

为充分利用磷渣和粉煤灰两种工业废渣生产高性能胶凝材料,研究了不同磷渣/粉煤灰配合比的碱-磷渣-粉煤灰胶凝材料性能,并用扫描电子显微镜和压汞仪分析了硬化浆体的细观结构和孔结构.结果表明:碱-磷渣-粉煤灰胶凝材料的凝结时间正常,在粉煤灰掺量为0～30 %(质量分数)范围内,随粉煤灰的掺量的增加,碱-磷渣-粉煤灰胶凝材料的凝结时间略有延长.与普通硅酸盐水泥相比,碱-磷渣胶凝材料的抗压强度较高,其3d和28d抗压强度分别可达到30.9MPa和98.8MPa,但其抗折强度相对较低.掺加粉煤灰后碱胶凝材料的抗压强度降低,而抗折强度提高.碱-磷渣-粉煤灰胶凝材料的耐蚀性和抗冻性能均显著优于硅酸盐水泥,其干缩比硅酸盐水泥的大.用部分粉煤灰取代磷渣粉可一定程度减小干缩.碱-磷渣-粉煤灰胶凝材料硬化浆体的结构非常致密,其孔隙率和平均孔径均小于普通硅酸盐水泥硬化浆体.     

Porosity measurement of some hydrated cementitious systems by high pressure mercury intrusion-microstructural limitations

Porosity measurements using both mercury intrusion and helium pycnometric methods are reported for several different hydrated cementitious systems. Significant differences in porosity values, where they arise, are explained in terms of microstructural limitations of the matrix material. Several mechanisms that affect mercury intrusion results are discussed.     

MDF水泥抗弯强度与大孔尺寸和孔隙率的关系

采用压汞仪、氦比重仪和ＳＴＥＭ等仪器研究了ＭＤＦ水泥抗弯强度与大孔尺寸和孔隙率的关系。实验结果表明，抗弯强度与孔隙率有良好的相关性，孔隙率降低，抗弯强度明显增高。抗弯强度与大孔尺寸没有明显的相关性，Ｋｅｎｄａｌｌ修正的Ｇｒｉｌｆｉｔｈ方程不适用于ＭＤＦ水泥。     

激发转炉钢渣制备高活性辅助胶凝材料的研究

采用激发剂和粉磨激发转炉钢渣的活性,制备高强度、高掺量的钢渣胶凝材料,并通过XRD、SEM和压汞法等物相检测方法揭示微观结构与宏观性能之间的内在联系。结果表明：通过激发剂和粉磨的综合效应,能够利用转炉钢渣制备出高活性辅助胶凝材料;转炉钢渣最适宜粉磨时间为60min;激发剂M（三异丙醇胺、聚乙二醇与去离子水的复配质量比为6∶4∶10）的激发效果最好,转炉钢渣在水泥中的掺量可达33%,其28d抗压强度可达50.4MPa。     

Influence of mix proportions on microstructure and gas permeability of cement pastes and mortars

This paper presents a study on the influence of mix proportions of cementitious materials on their transfer properties, namely porosity and gas permeability. These latter are known as durability indicators. The work is performed on a wide range of cement pastes and mortars (24 compositions). These compositions are defined by mix proportion parameters (water/cement ratio, limestone filler/cement ratio, and amount of superplasticizer and volume fraction of paste). To characterize these materials, an experimental campaign was carried out, including different types of test (water porosimetry, mercury intrusion porosimetry, desorption isotherms and gas permeability). The influence of the composition parameters on the studied durability indicators is highlighted and correlation between gas permeability and microstructural properties (total porosity and critical pore diameter) is established. Finally, a method to predict materials permeability from that of the cement paste is proposed.     

A polydispersed particle system representation of the porosity for non-saturated cementitious materials

In this paper, the porosity of cementitious materials is described in terms of pore size distribution by means of a 3-dimensional overlapping sphere system with polydispersivity in size. On the basis of results established by Lu and Torquato [B. Lu, S. Torquato, Nearest-surface distribution functions for polydispersed particle systems, Phys. Rev. A 45(8) (1992) 5530-5544] and Torquato [S. Torquato, Random Heterogeneous Media: Microstructure and Macroscopic Properties. Springer-Verlag: New York, 2001] providing relations for nearest-neighbor distribution functions, the volume fraction of pores having a radius larger than a prescribed value is explicitly expressed. By adopting an appropriate size distribution function for the sphere system, it is shown that the pore size distribution of cementitious materials as detected for instance by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), which generally points out several pore classes, can be well approached. On the basis of this porosity representation, the evaluation of the capillary pressure in function of the saturation degree is provided. The model is then applied to the simulation of the saturation degree versus relative humidity adsorption curves. The impact of the pore size distribution, the temperature and the thickness of the adsorbed water layer on these parameters are assessed and analyzed for three model materials having different pore characteristics.     

低温环境中新型水泥基材料抗拉性能和微结构的演化行为

低温环境中混凝土的抗拉性能是影响“全混凝土”液化天然气储罐长期安全服役的重要因素。本文研发了一种新型耐低温高性能水泥基材料(CHC),利用拉伸试验机研究了低温循环(20~-165 ℃)前后CHC的抗拉性能,借助压汞孔隙率测试和核磁共振测试分析了CHC的孔结构特征。结果表明,相比于C60混凝土,CHC的总孔隙率较低,抗拉强度较大,峰后变形能力较强。低温循环后,微裂缝的出现和总孔隙率的增加导致CHC和C60混凝土的峰值应力下降。相比于C60混凝土,CHC中裂缝的宽度较小,总孔隙率的增加量较少,故CHC峰值应力的下降幅度较低。本研究证实低温循环前后CHC的抗拉性能均优于C60混凝土,这源于CHC优异的孔结构和钢纤维的掺入。     

Pore Structure Damage in Blended Cements Caused by Mercury Intrusion

Hydrated blast furnace slag and fly-ash cement blends have been shown to be very impermeable. Porosity measurements of these materials by methanol and helium pycnometry have been less than the values obtained by Hg intrusion to 410 MPa. Results of the three techniques for hydrated portland cement were the same. A technique was used in which mercury could be removed by distillation after Hg intrusion, and intrusion was then repeated. This was performed on several cements and cement blends. Pore-size distribution for the hydrated cement changed marginally but both blended materials changed markedly, displaying a coarser pore distribution. It was concluded that the latter bodies are composed of relatively large, but discontinuous pores, into which Hg enters by breaking through the pore structure.     

Mercury intrusion porosimetry in pulp and paper technology

Mercury intrusion is frequently used for the characterization of porous materials, giving access to parameters such as porosity and pore size distribution as well as density (skeletal and bulk).The present work aims at studying the suitability of the mercury intrusion technique to evaluate the pore structure and related information of different kinds of woods used for pulp production, pulp handsheets and commercial paper sheets. Differences in wood structure, pulp composition and paper composition and structure could be easily detected by changes in the measured parameters, thus enabling a better understanding and/or prediction of the behaviour of these materials.     

The effects of superabsorbent polymers on the microstructure of cementitious materials studied by means of sorption experiments

Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are a promising additive to be used in the building industry but may induce microstructural changes. Water vapour sorption may be used to characterize the change in pore structure of cementitious materials, but the technique is difficult to interpret. In the present paper, static and dynamic vapour sorption (DVS) measurements were performed and compared to nitrogen adsorption experiments. The models of Dubinin-Radushkevich and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda were hereby applied to study pores in the micro- and mesopore range. The results show that cement pastes with SAPs and without additional water show a slight decrease in porosity in the micro- and mesopore range. Cement pastes with SAPs and with additional water show no significant change of porosity in the micropore range and a slight increase in the larger mesopore range. These new findings give insight into the effects of SAPs on the microstructure and strength of cementitious materials.