复合混沌码的直扩系统优化及抗干扰性能研究

在复杂电磁环境中,直接序列扩频作为现代通信系统最常用的通信体制,会受到诸多人为和非人为干扰。针对直扩系统抗干扰性能进行研究,提出了基于复合映射产生混沌二值序列,并通过平衡性和相关特性对序列进行筛选优化。以优选后的复合混沌扩频码应用于直扩系统,对系统设计仿真。仿真结果表明,该复合混沌码直扩系统在不同信噪比和干扰环境下,抗干扰性能优于其它扩频码,系统误码率降低,误码率增益提高5dB。     

四种数字混沌扩频序列的平衡性分析

探讨了Chebyshev、改进型Logistic、Logistic和Tent四种典型混沌映射的映射参数与平衡性之间的关系,得出了混沌序列新的映射参数取值范围,为混沌扩频码的产生提供了依据;并通过四种混沌序列的平衡性曲线图和映射参数对混沌扩频通信系统的误码率影响曲线图,验证了新取值范围的正确性。仿真和分析表明：Chebyshev映射的平衡性最好。     

一种迭代级联混沌扩频序列及其性能分析

针对单级混沌映射结构简单、复杂度低的特点,将改进型Logistic混沌映射和Chebyshev混沌映射通过迭代级联构造出一种新型混沌映射,有效扩展了混沌系统的密钥空间。基于提出的新型混沌映射通过数字量化处理得到混沌扩频序列,对其性能进行仿真分析并与传统单级映射混沌序列进行比较,结果表明该序列拥有良好的相关性和平衡性,序列复杂度更高,抗干扰能力更强。     

一种新的混沌扩频序列及其性能分析

结合传统的混沌映射,提出一种组合式混沌映射模型。给出了产生新的混沌扩频序列的方法。首先由给定初值代入组合式混沌映射进行迭代,并且通过随机的参数切换选择不同的组合混沌映射,再将迭代产生的序列进行预处理,最后将预处理后的序列进行L比特选择得到新的混沌扩频序列。对得到的混沌扩频序列进行平衡性、保密性和相关性分析,并与现有的混沌扩频序列的性能进行比较。结果表明,该混沌扩频序列具有与现有的混沌扩频序列相近的相关性,而且其平衡性、保密性更好。     

基于多值量化的混沌扩频序列及其性能分析

为了分析基于多值量化的混沌扩频序列的性能,以Chebyshev混沌映射为例,结合其概率密度分布函数的特点给出对其进行多值量化的方法。仿真分析多值量化混沌序列的平衡性和相关性,在高斯白噪声信道中对传统二值量化混沌序列和多值量化混沌序列扩频通信系统进行误码率仿真,并从低检测概率和低利用概率两个角度对多值量化混沌序列的抗截获性能进行分析。仿真结果表明多值量化混沌序列的误码率性能更好,其抗截获性能也有所提高。     

基于实值混沌序列的DSSS系统性能分析*

为了提高直接序列扩频(direct sequence spread spectrum,DSSS )系统的可靠性和安全性,将实值混沌序列作为扩频序列应用于DSSS 系统中,并从误码率、抗截获能力、系统参数检测三个角度对其性能进行分析。结果表明基于实值混沌序列的DSSS系统误码率性能与常规二值混沌序列相近,具备更好的抗截获能力,其系统参数更加隐蔽,符合DSSS系统安全保密传输信息的需求。     

一种新型的分段Logistic混沌扩频通信算法

混沌序列作为扩频系统中的扩频码,具有序列丰富、保密性好等特性。针对传统的Logistic混沌序列及其改进型在序列遍历性和随机性等方面不太理想的问题,提出了一种新型的分段Logistic混沌扩频通信算法。在分析了所提混沌序列的随机性、相关性、初值敏感性和Lyapunov指数的基础上,将其应用于扩频通信系统中。仿真结果表明:新序列较传统的Logistic混沌序列及其改进型作为扩频通信地址码,在误码率和信息保密特性方面有很大改善,从而证明了新算法的有效性。     

基于改进混沌扩频序列的多用户混沌扩频通信系统的研究与仿真

提出一种改进混沌扩频序列,并将其应用在多用户混沌扩频通信系统中,给出了多用户混沌扩频通信系统的理论推导和SIMULINK仿真模型。对该系统进行了详细的性能分析,包括信噪比、用户数、改进混沌扩频序列的分形参数和初始值等各自对系统误码率的影响,并比较了改进混沌扩频序列与传统混沌扩频序列的系统误码率随信噪比和用户数的变化情况。结果表明改进混沌扩频序列要好于传统混沌扩频序列的系统误码率,具有较好的抗噪声和抗多址干扰的能力。     

三元组扩频码在扩频通信中的应用

为了产生、加工出一组逼近白噪声统计信号特性的信号并将其作为扩频码来降低扩频通信系统的误码率、提高可靠性,基于三元组随机数提出三元组扩频码。该扩频码由真随机熵源提供初始值,以多轮重构技术构造背景,通过周期性变轨、控制空间映射和约束判断等方法实现离散轨迹变换,再经均匀映射产生。在不同大小的信噪比和不同幅度的正弦干扰下,采用蒙特卡罗模型仿真测试了三元组、m序列、分段Logistic序列和线性同余序列作为扩频码的直接扩频通信系统的误码率。实验结果表明,三元组扩频码的误码率更低,并且在低信噪比、强衰落、强干扰的情况下也很稳定,可以提高扩频通信系统的抗截获性和抗干扰性,从而保障通信系统的可靠性。     

基于正交混沌多用户混沌通信及其误码率

为了解决多用户混沌通信系统中由于通信用户数目的增多以及混沌序列间的准正交性所引起的信道干扰问题,对不同混沌信号采用施密特(Schmidt)正交化方法产生其对应的正交混沌序列作为扩频码在加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)和瑞利(Rayleigh)衰落信道下研究多用户混沌通信系统中的误码率(BER)。首先将其统计自相关和互相关特性作为刻画正交混沌扩频码序列性能的重要指标,测试并分析各正交混沌序列的统计相关特性,同时也对其互相关特性曲线的均值和方差进行了测试与分析;然后通过两种信道仿真实验获取各正交混沌扩频码的BER,并将其与对应统计相关特性作对比揭示其内在关联性;最后比较分析两种不同信道下多用户混沌通信系统的BER,并揭示信道对其的影响。仿真实验表明,两种信道下相空间混沌信号中的空时正交混沌序列都能获得较低BER,尤其是在Rayleigh衰落信道下的空时正交混沌序列能够获得更低的BER,说明所提方法能更有效地降低多用户通信中信道间的干扰,更有利于多用户通信需要。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.