鱼糜(仿蟹腿肉)的研制

本文是以冷冻湘鱼为主要原料,研制一种模拟海味食品——仿蟹腿肉,通过进行工艺条件及配方设计探索,主要解决如何尽可能提高鱼糜制品的弹性问题及最佳工艺配方,通过对成品的弹性、咀嚼感(柔软度)、组分含量等进行测定或评定,并对原料新鲜度及鱼糜总蛋白质含量进行测定。最后确定产品的最佳配方和工艺参数,为工业生产提供科学依据。     

发酵型冰淇淋的研制

通过正交试验确定出以乳酸菌制剂为基料的冰淇淋产品配方，研制出具有一定营养保健功能的新型活性乳酸菌冰淇淋制品。产品风味独特，活性乳酸菌数达到３．２×１０５。     

扣碗酪的初步研究

扣碗酪是我国的一种传统乳制品，系统糯米发酵的浆汁凝乳而成，呈软凝块状，色泽洁白，风味清香。本试验主要对扣碗酪的制作进行了初步研究。结果表明，扣碗酪凝固的最适温度为40－45℃，添加0．01－0．02％的CaCl2有助于凝块的形成，同时可以大大改善凝块的组织状态，减少乳清的析出。在凝乳过程中随有一定程度的蛋白质分解现象，而且在存放过程中这一现象一直持续进行。刚制得的扣碗酪其酸度为0．45％（以乳酸汁），随后熟的进行，酸度呈增加的趋势。扣碗酪凝块的生成与其中的酸没有多大关系，认为是凝乳剂中活性蛋白酶的结果。     

NordVal食品微生物定性分析方法的验证程序

目的为了在微生物研究过程乃至日常检测工作中,将国际标准的要求融入到每个检测过程中,根据Nord Val对申请为标准的微生物学定性分析方法的验证程序进行了整理和总结。方法定性方法验证包括两个方面:比较研究和协同研究。方法验证负责人应首先根据要求制定方法确认的技术方案,先进行试验内比较研究实验,然后,由协作实验室用相同的样品进行实验室间协同实验。采用待确认的方法与基准方法进行比较研究的方式,对方法的性能指标进行确认。结果定性分析方法验证程序的性能指标主要包括:灵敏度、特异性、相对精度、相对检测水平、方法的一致性。待确认方法与基准方法比较时,定性方法应达到以下性能指标:灵敏度≥95%;特异性≥95%;替代方法的检测限应与基准方法的检测限一致;方法的一致性值0.8。结论本文将为标准方法的制修订、实验室方法的确认提供规范的依据。     

皮革防水

本课题以国内情况为主研究了鞣制方法、表面活性剂、复鞣剂、油脂和涂饰材料对皮革防水性的影响，提出了一些有利于防水革生产的方法。比较了各类皮革防水材料的防水性及它们赋予皮革的其它特性．并据此进行了一些不同类型皮革防水材料结合使用的试验，从各方面都获得了比单独使用更好的结果。     

益生菌冻干粉的研究

本文对益生菌冻干粉进行了研究,通过正交实验对增殖因子和离心条件进行优化,得出结果:增殖因子的最佳配比番茄汁10%,胡萝卜汁15%,肝浸液15%和混合维生素1.5%;离心条件的最佳配比:离心温度4℃,离心转速5000r/min和离心时间20min;同时得出冻干菌粉其活菌数为6.75×109cfu/g。     

玉米醇溶蛋白研究进展

本文介绍了玉米醇溶蛋白的组成,综述了玉米醇溶蛋白在提取,脱色和应用方面的研究新进展。     

火龙果冰淇淋的研制

火龙果营养价值丰富且具有一定的保健功能。实验结果表明，以红皮红肉型火龙果汁15％，奶油8％，全脂淡奶粉10％，白砂糖15％，乳化稳定剂0．4％(均为质量分数)为配方，制作的火龙果冰淇淋色泽自然，风味独特，组织细腻，是一种高档的水果冰淇淋制品。     

浅谈服装舒适性研究的现状与发展趋势

文章概括分析了各种服装舒适性评价方法以及在服装舒适性研究领域所建立的各种数学模型的基本特征,并对服装舒适性研究的未来发展方向做出科学的预测。     

加脂复鞣剂的研究与应用

本产品采用以植物油为基础 ,经酰胺化、酯化后再与丙烯酸类单体共聚而成 ,经实验证明 ,该产品具有良好的加脂复鞣性能。     

木犀草素的研究概况

木犀草素是一种很具有代表性的天然黄酮，在植物界分布较广。木犀草素在临床上具有止咳、祛痰及消炎等作用，在体内具有抗菌、抗病毒及降低血脂和胆固醇等作用。本介绍了木犀草素的理化特性、生理功能、分离、合成和测定方法。     

Sodium Trends in Selected U.S. Total Diet Study Foods, 2003-2011

ObjectiveCharacterize trends in sodium concentrations in the general categories of foods analyzed in the U.S. FDA Total Diet Study (TDS) program from 2003 through 2011. Methods: Trends were assessed for sodium concentrations in a small convenience sample of TDS foods from 2003 to 2011 using simple linear regression with the SAS regression procedure, focusing on sodium concentrations in foods in USDA's sentinel food categories. Results: Levels of sodium in various TDS foods varied over time. Overall, 75 TDS foods did not have statistically significant linear changes in sodium content during that time, and 23 TDS foods did. Certain sentinel foods such as ramen-style noodles showed gradually increasing sodium content from 2003 through 2011. Significance: Over three quarters of foods show no statistically significant linear changes over time. Although a number of selected foods had a statistically significant decline, a limitation to this study is that specific brands of TDS foods were not necessarily the same for each period. The results suggest that some sodium reduction has been occurring in some foods and supports the idea that commercially viable reductions are possible. Such reductions in the sodium content of foods could have large public health implications—rates of hypertension and related health consequences would likely decline—thus saving thousands of lives and billions of dollars each year.     

UK dietary exposure to PCDD/Fs,PCBs, PBDD/Fs,PBBs and PBDEs: comparison of results from 24-h duplicate diets and total diet studies

ABSTRACT

Chemicals in food are monitored to check for compliance with regulatory limits and to evaluate trends in dietary exposures, among other reasons. This study compared two different methods for estimating human dietary exposure to lipophilic persistent organic pollutants (POPs) during 2011/12: (1) the 2012 Total Diet Study (TDS) conducted by the UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) and (2) a 24-h duplicate diet (DD) study of 20 adults from the North East of England. The equivalence of the two approaches was assessed; anything less than an order of magnitude could be considered reasonable and within three-fold (equivalent to 0.5 log) as good. Adult dietary exposure estimates derived from the DD study for both average and high-level (97.5th percentile) consumers compared well with those from the TDS. Estimates from the DD study when compared with those from the TDS were within 10% for P97.5 for total PCDD/F/PCB with divergence increasing to a factor of 3.4 for average BDE-209. Most estimates derived from the TDS were slightly higher than those derived from the DD. Comparison with earlier UK TDS data over the last 30 years or so confirmed a gradual decline in levels of PCDD/F/PCBs in food. Such comparisons also indicated peaks in dietary exposure to ∑PBDE (excluding BDE-209) between 2000 and 2005. Exposure estimates for all measured compounds using both TDS and DD data were found to be within recommended tolerable daily intakes where available or within acceptable margins of exposure.     

Calcium montmorillonite clay reduces urinary biomarkers of fumonisin B1 exposure in rats and humans

Fumonisin B₁ (FB₁) is often a co-contaminant with aflatoxin (AF) in grains and may enhance AF's carcinogenicity by acting as a cancer promoter. Calcium montmorillonite (i.e. NovaSil, NS) is a possible dietary intervention to help decrease chronic aflatoxin exposure where populations are at risk. Previous studies show that an oral dose of NS clay was able to reduce AF exposure in a Ghanaian population. In vitro analyses from our laboratory indicated that FB₁ (like aflatoxin) could also be sorbed onto the surfaces of NS. Hence, our objectives were to evaluate the efficacy of NS clay to reduce urinary FB₁ in a rodent model and then in a human population highly exposed to AF. In the rodent model, male Fisher rats were randomly assigned to either FB₁ control, FB₁?+?2% NS or absolute control group. FB₁ alone or with clay was given as a single dose by gavage. For the human trial, participants received NS (1.5 or 3?g?day^?1) or placebo (1.5?g?day^?1) for 3 months. Urines from weeks 8 and 10 were collected from the study participants for analysis. In rats, NS significantly reduced urinary FB₁ biomarker by 20% in 24?h and 50% after 48?h compared to controls. In the humans, 56% of the urine samples analysed (n?=?186) had detectable levels of FB₁. Median urinary FB₁ levels were significantly (p?<?0.05) decreased by >90% in the high dose NS group (3?g?day^?1) compared to the placebo. This work indicates that our study participants in Ghana were exposed to FB₁ (in addition to AFs) from the diet. Moreover, earlier studies have shown conclusively that NS reduces the bioavailability of AF and the findings from this study suggest that NS clay also reduces the bioavailability FB₁. This is important since AF is a proven dietary risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans and FB₁ is suspected to be a dietary risk factor for HCC and oesophageal cancer in humans.     

麦汁中铁离子的去除及酒体稳定性的研究

本文主要研究啤酒的原辅料、酿造水以及糖化各工序中铁离子的分布情况,重点试验分析使用单宁作为铁离子络合剂的可行性。试验结果显示,使用单宁后,麦汁中铁离子的含量明显降低,可达0．15mg／L以下,酒体抗氧化特性提高10％-15％。研究最终提出了啤酒生产过程中的铁离子关键控制点及要求。     

土工合成材料应用机理及专项研究(Ⅰ)

本文报道了土工合成材料物理特性和力学特性的研究结果,包括土工织物的渗透、保砂、淤堵和老化的研究,以及土工织物的接缝强度和开孔的研究,为工程设计中土工织物的选择和工程方案的拟定提供了依据。     

二甲双胍抗肿瘤机制研究进展

二甲双胍是治疗2型糖尿病药物(T2DM)的一线药物,近年来,其也作为潜在的抗肿瘤药物,被人们进行了广泛的研究。目前了解的二甲双胍抗肿瘤机制多种多样,二甲双胍可以通过AMPK直接或间接调节LKB1/AMPK/mTOR信号通路,诱导ACC磷酸化。也可以通过AMPK的非依赖机制抑制胰岛素受体/IGF-IR信号通路、诱导细胞自噬和凋亡、上调MicroRNAs,以及调节P53/REDD1通路、免疫作用、氧化作用、协同药物治疗等多种机制抑制肿瘤生长。本文将对近年来二甲双胍可能产生的抗肿瘤机制进行分类综述,为其日后相关研究奠定理论基础。     

壳聚糖的制备与应用研究

本文介绍了用虾壳制备壳聚糖的方法,并进行了壳聚糖在果汁澄清和食品保鲜方面的应用研究。     

盐析流动理论研究综述

在石油、化工、造纸等工业部门,伴有盐析的液固两相流体的输送是极其复杂而又急需新理论指导的热点问题之一.介绍了盐析流动的研究背景,概述了管内和叶轮机械内部盐析流动理论研究的现状和进展,并在此基础之上,探讨了该研究的发展趋势.     

螺旋藻的研究现状与应用

螺旋藻是地球上现存最古老的物种之一，富含各种营养物质和生物活性物质，具有广阔的应用前景。本文就螺旋藻的生物学特性和化学组成及其在食品、医药、畜牧、化妆品及环境保护等行业中的研究现状与应用予以综合介绍。