计算机辅助曲面贴合检测中曲面细分的几何原理

利用细分曲面的原理 ,提出一种基于分段三次Hermite样条插补 ,用于机械产品造型曲面贴合检测中曲面细分的新方法。将低分辨率的贴合曲面使用基于分段三次Hermite样条插补 ,将曲面细分为多分辨率的多边形 (三角形 )面片 ,对插补边界进行平坦性检测 ,以多边形面片网格替代曲面 ,来检测两个实体贴合曲面的可贴合性     

一种基于离散数据的自由曲面建模方法

提出一种基于离散数据的自由曲面建模方法。该算法采用平行网格构造曲面，利用三次样条函数和参数样条对列表点进行行列两个方面的插补，采用局部回弹法进行曲线光顺，从而构造出适于数控加工的网格曲面，由于采用参数样条进行插补，可保证插值曲线通过所有型值点，曲线具有一、二阶导数连续的性质，可保证曲线的整体连续平滑。该方法的特点是方便了直角坐标下平行行切加工的数控编程。     

网格曲面上两相离曲线段的光滑过渡

将欧氏空间中两非均匀B样条曲线间G1连续条件拓展到曲面空间,提出一种构造网格曲面上两相离曲线光滑过渡曲线的方法.网格曲面上的曲线采用测地B样条表示,具有与欧氏空间中传统B样条相一致的明确数学模型.基于三角网格模型的拓扑邻接关系,提出一种网格曲面上测地线的延长线离散逼近算法,以此为基础,建立两测地B样条曲线间G1连续条件,将边界连续条件转化为控制顶点的位置约束,从而构建两曲线间的光滑过渡曲线.试验结果表明,所提方法健壮、高效,不依赖于参数化和投影技术,即使对于具有尖锐特征的曲面亦有很强的适应性.     

高速高精度曲线重构与递推插补研究

为解决中高档计算机数控(Computer numerical control,CNC)中基于多项式基的Hermite样条曲线实时插补算法递推速度低且逼近精度较差的问题,文中利用指数函数e–t快速递推及收敛的优点,在代数指数混合空间构造新的样条曲线并给出基于该曲线的递推插补算法。应用该算法进行的插补试验中,与Hermite曲线相比,新样条曲线的递推速度提高1.7～2.1倍,同时逼近精度提高一个数量级。结果表明基于新曲线的插补算法在提高轮廓加工轨迹精度的同时,也提高加工效率,满足中高档计算机数控中样条曲线的构造要求。     

基于代数三角基的Quasi-Hermite曲线的构造与研究

数控系统的插补算法中常采用的Hermite样条曲线,由于算法递推速度低且逼近精度较差,限制了它在中高档数控系统实时插补中的应用.通过研究数控系统的样条曲线构造特点及其和CAD/CAM系统的样条曲线之间的关联,采用最佳平方逼近,并结合幅值、相位、摄动量的优化,在代数三角混合空间Γn=span{1,cos t,sin t,…,cos nt,sin nt}中,构造了一组高精度的基函数,生成了Quasi-Hermite曲线.应用该算法进行的数控系统插补实验中,不仅新样条曲线的递推插补运算速度提高了14.5%,而且逼近精度达到了10-4数量级,结果表明,基于新曲线的插补算法在提高了轮廓加工轨迹精度的同时,也提高了加工效率,满足了中高档数控平台中样条曲线的构造要求.     

用于加工弧面凸轮轮廓曲面的NURBS插补方法

在分析弧面凸轮轮廓曲面上加工刀痕产生的原因,以及对分度机构性能影响的基础上,提出了用NURBS样条插补凸轮从动件运动规律曲线的思想方法.通过对NURBS样条插补改进算法的深入分析,得出了进一步校正满足加工步长条件的NURBS样条参数增量的算式.同时对插补前弧面凸轮从动件运动规律曲线的修正、NURBS插补误差和插补过程的实现进行了计算与分析.结果表明,采用文中给出的方法,能显著提高弧面凸轮轮廓面的加工精度.     

基于新型代数指数样条曲线的微段加工算法

针对曲线重构微段加工中采用的样条曲线计算稳定性差、运算速度慢,且在加减速的条件下不能直接递推插补计算而造成计算效率低的问题,在计算机数控中采用基于新型插补样条的实时曲线重构与插补算法进行连续微段加工.实验结果表明,重构的新样条曲线计算速度快且稳定,可进行直接递推插补.基于新样条曲线优越性质的微段加工,在充分发挥实时曲线重构与递推插补微段加工方法优势的基础上,可以进一步提高插补计算的效率,实现对任意曲面的高速高精度插补加工.     

基于截面轮廓的NURBS曲面重建

提出了一种基于变截面轮廓线族重建NURBS曲面的方法。用自动跟踪法反求出轮廓线组的脊线,并用脊线自动调整各轮廓线的起始点位置。然后插值各个轮廓线,构造封闭的样条曲线,以特征点处的节点为分段点实现多条样条曲线的分段相容,并蒙皮构造封闭的B样条曲面。对于有特征点的轮廓线,通过设置特征点的重数及在曲线构造和曲面蒙皮中的相应处理,可以在曲面上保留轮廓线中的特征。     

自由曲面模型全局美化技术

利用可微流形的无穷小变形技术,实现紧公差约束下对点云逼近的多张B-样条曲面的全局美化.根据微分流形上的Beltrami-Laplace算子,定义反映曲面整体形状变化的变形能量泛函,并得到泛函的唯一极小解.给出两张单节点B-样条曲面间G1连续的充要条件以及公共边界曲线控制顶点的本征方程,并利用局部格式构造整体收敛的G1光滑拼接的边界表示模型获得变形映射族的特解.特解的构造不可避免地导致模型在缝合区域的形状产生局部瑕疵,影响反求模型的保形性.通过特解来构造能量泛函的极小解,使得这类似应力集中的效应被逐步松弛到曲面的内部,从而改善模型的整体形状.应用实例揭示自由曲面的全局美化技术在反求工程中的意义.     

基于速度平滑控制的高效非均匀有理B样条曲线插补算法

为提高曲面加工的质量和效率,提出了一种基于冗余误差和速度平滑控制的非均匀有理B样条曲线插补算法.该算法先按照曲率大小将非均匀有理B样条曲线分段,再根据数控机床最大加速度调整分段.消除了曲率突变对加工的负面影响.同时为每个分段分别设置合适的编程进给速度,提高了加工效率.最后提出两段速度平滑控制方法,使速度过渡更为平滑.模拟试验证明了该算法的有效性.     

Gaussian-Taylor signal-to-noise ratio estimation for scanning electron microscope images

A new and robust parameter estimation technique, named Gaussian-Taylor interpolation, is proposed to predict the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of scanning electron microscope images. The results of SNR and variance estimation values are tested and compared with piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation, quadratic spline interpolation, autoregressive moving average and moving average. Overall, the proposed estimations for noise-free peak and SNR are most consistent and accurate to within a certain acceptable degree compared with the others.     

热电偶特性曲线样条函数拟合的优化

介绍了优化的三次样条插值原理及对热电偶特性曲线的插值拟合应用。通过对样条函数三次非线性的分析，求算出优化的插值节点间距，并利用非等距最小二乘样条插值来拟合特性曲线，通过插值节点的不断调整以优化插值，使拟合精度提高。利用拟合结果，只需各三次的乘法与加法的运算量，普通微处理器就可实现优化的三次样条插值。     

2GSPS数字存储示波器插值算法

数字存储示波器在快时基档位工作时,由于实时采样率不够,仅能采集信号的少数样点,为了重构信号,必须进行插值。通过编程和仿真比较了三次样条插值、分段线性插值、三次插值、最邻近插值对几种不同波形的恢复结果,并计算和分析了相关的均方误差。考虑实际待测的信号的不可知性和复杂性,并权衡精度与速度,当待插信号的点数小于100点时,选用三次样条插值;当待插信号的点数不小于100点时,采用三次插值法。Matlab仿真表明,设计结果的各项性能指标均达到指定要求,设计过程简便易行。     

An improvement EMD method based on the optimized rational Hermite interpolation approach and its application to gear fault diagnosis

A demodulation technique based on improvement empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is investigated in this paper. Firstly, the problem of the envelope line in EMD is introduced and the drawbacks of two classic interpolation methods, cubic spline interpolation method and cubic Hermite interpolation method are discussed; then a new envelope interpolation method called optimized rational Hermite interpolation method (O-EMD) is proposed, which has a shape controlling parameter compared with the cubic Hermite interpolation algorithm. At the same time, in order to improve the envelope approximation accuracy of local mean, the parameter determining criterion is put forward and an optimization with Genetic Algorithm (GA) is applied to automatic select the suitable shape controlling parameter in each sifting process. The effectiveness of O-EMD method is validated by the numerical simulations and an application to gear fault diagnosis. Results demonstrate that O-EMD method can improve the reliability and accuracy significantly compared with traditional EMD method.     

HB插值样条曲线曲面

利用三次Ｈｅｒｍｉｔｅ基的变换，得到了构造三次插值样条曲线曲面的一组新的基－ＨＢ基。由ＨＢ基构造的分级三次插值样条曲线具有Ｃ＾１连续，保形的特点，构造的双三次插值样条曲面具有Ｃ＾１－连续，形状可调的特点，能方便地应用于ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ设计造型中。     

凸轮位移数据的数学处理及误差分析

分别对凸轮轮廓曲线的实测位移数据应用三次样条插值和多项式最小二乘拟合两种处理方法进行处理，并对两种数学处理方法的误差进行分析，结果证明：仿制凸轮时对凸轮轮廓曲线的实测位移数据采用多项式最小二乘拟合方法比三次样条插值处理更为合理，利用多项式最小二乘法进行曲线拟合得到的类加速度曲线的光滑程度明显优于用三次样条插值得到的类加速度曲线。     

New predictor-corrector methods based on piecewise polynomial interpolation for milling stability prediction

Abstract

Chatter frequently occurs during cutting operations, which seriously restricts the machining productivity and workpiece accuracy. Consequently, accurate and efficient stability prediction is of great significance to determine stable machining parameters. A cubic Hermite–Newton approximation method which can determine the chatter stability boundaries more efficiently is presented in this paper. The milling dynamic system can be expressed as time-periodic delay differential equations (DDEs) with consideration of the regeneration effect. A typical benchmark example is provided to assess the convergence feature and stability lobes of the cubic Hermite–Newton approximation method and several existing methods. The results indicate that the cubic Hermite–Newton approximation method can achieve satisfactory results. For the sake of developing the cubic Hermite–Newton approximation method with higher convergence rate and computational efficiency, the tooth-passing period is further separated into two distinct phases according to whether the value of coefficient matrix equals to zero. Meanwhile, the linear interpolation polynomial is used to predict milling stability, and then piecewise polynomial interpolation was utilized in two adjacent time intervals to correct this prediction. By adopting the two benchmark examples, the effectiveness of the two new methods can be analyzed using existing methods. The results demonstrate that the two new methods have superior accuracy and efficiency.     

Tool path optimization in postprocessor of five-axis machine tools

Generally, tool path is generated in a computer-aided manufacturing software considering only the geometry of machining parts. It is converted into numerical control (NC) codes in the postprocessor based on the particular machine kinematics. For some special types of five-axis machine tools, e.g., non-orthogonal five-axis machine tools, the generated NC codes may produce unqualified parts because of the existence of the non-linear error. Conventional commercialized postprocessors usually do not have the function of non-linear error checking. Observing that the tool path is a non-smooth trajectory full of corners and a series of connected line segments, cubic spline interpolation is applied to smooth the tool path at regular points in this study. The cutter tip center points are computed by the cubic spine interpolation, while the cutter posture vectors are obtained via linear interpolation. At the splines (for regular points) and the line segments (feature points), more points are chosen to be converted into NC codes to reduce the non-linear error, which is called data densification. Using the cubic spline to smooth the tool path and the data densification to reduce the non-linear error, a novel tool path optimization algorithm in postprocessor is proposed. Experiments were carried out on an inclined rotary spindle axis non-orthogonal five-axis machine tool. It shows that the proposed tool path optimization provides improved accuracy and surface quality.     

局部特征尺度分解方法在机械振动中的应用

局部特征尺度分解（Local characteristic-scale decomposition ,简称LCD）是一种能够自适应处理非平稳非线性信号的方法。其主要思想是把一个复杂的时域信号分解为若干个内禀尺度分量（Intrinsic scale component,简称ISC）与一个残余项之和,然后再求其各个ISC分量的瞬时频率。但是利用线性变换得到的基线信号不够光滑。为此将基线分段进行三次样条插值,并设每段端点的一阶导数为零来得到基线信号的方法。经过对仿真分析,该方法具有更高的精度;而且,通过分析实测信号,进一步证明该方法的有效性。