非线性切换系统基于观测器的容错控制器设计

针对一类具有执行器故障的非线性切换系统,研究基于系统状态估计和故障重构的容错控制问题.首先,在具有平均驻留时间(ADT)的切换信号下,设计一种切换PI观测器作为状态-故障估计器,以达到对系统状态和故障同时渐近估计的目的;其次,基于线性矩阵不等式,给出非线性切换系统观测器存在的充分条件;再次,基于PI观测器给出的状态和故障估计,提出一种非线性切换系统的容错控制器设计方法;最后,以一个电子电路为仿真实例进行分析,验证了所提出方法的可行性和适用性.     

含执行器故障的切换非线性系统的事件触发自适应模糊容错控制

本文研究在平均驻留时间约束下,一类含有执行器故障的切换非线性系统输出反馈自适应模糊事件触发容错控制问题.首先,建立了一个模态依赖的状态观测器估计不可测量状态.利用模糊逻辑系统来逼近未知项.其次,构建自适应模糊容错事件触发控制方案能够节省网络资源和数据传输.然后,通过构造多Lyapunov函数和平均驻留时间法,证明闭环系统所有状态半全局一致最终有界的同时排除了Zeno现象.最后,通过数值仿真验证该方法的有效性.     

含执行器故障的切换非线性系统的事件触发自适应模糊容错控制

本文研究在平均驻留时间约束下,一类含有执行器故障的切换非线性系统输出反馈自适应模糊事件触发容错控制问题.首先,建立了一个模态依赖的状态观测器估计不可测量状态.利用模糊逻辑系统来逼近未知项.其次,构建自适应模糊容错事件触发控制方案能够节省网络资源和数据传输.然后,通过构造多Lyapunov函数和平均驻留时间法,证明闭环系统所有状态半全局一致最终有界的同时排除了Zeno现象.最后,通过数值仿真验证该方法的有效性.     

飞行器切换多胞系统执行机构失效自适应补偿控制

针对建模为切换多胞模型的飞行器动力学系统执行机构失效情况下的控制问题,提出一种自适应补偿控制方案。首先针对存在不确定的飞行器大包线切换多胞系统设计一种自适应增益调度控制器,以保证全包线稳定飞行;然后,针对存在执行机构失效、且失效值和失效模式未知的情形,设计一种自适应容错控制律,并结合公共Lyapunov函数和平均驻留时间方法证明了闭环系统的稳定性。该方案解决了飞行器切换多胞系统容错控制器设计问题。仿真结果验证了所提出方案的良好性能。     

攻击型无人机切换控制系统容错算法研究

攻击型无人机单侧发射或投放重型武器时,可将飞行控制系统看作是一个切换控制系统。针对常见的常值型和时变型两种执行器故障,提出了一种自适应观测器设计方法,同时结合状态反馈控制设计了容错控制器。通过Lyapunov函数推出了观测器的误差是关于故障界输入状态实际稳定的充分条件,通过平均驻留时间方法证明了切换控制系统是全局输入状态实际稳定的。某型攻击型无人机仿真实例表明,此方法能在准确估计故障大小的基础上,有效保持切换飞行控制系统的性能,应用前景十分广阔。     

基于迭代学习观测器的航天器姿态主动容错控制

针对含有外部扰动和执行器故障的一类航天器姿态控制系统,本文提出基于迭代学习观测器的主动容错控制方案.首先,建立了含有外部扰动和执行器故障的航天器姿态控制系统的运动学和动力学模型.其次,为了提高观测器的故障估计精度,在传统迭代学习观测器设计基础上引入上一时刻状态估计误差信息,文章提出一种改进型学习估计算法.进一步,基于滑模控制和指定时间稳定理论,利用学习观测器的故障估计信息设计指定时间主动容错控制器.与现有的航天器主动容错控制方案相比,本文所提出的算法的优势在于可以使故障系统的姿态能在指定时间跟踪上指令信号.基于Lyapunov方法,本文从理论上证明了改进型学习观测器和姿态容错控制系统的稳定性.最后,通过数值仿真,说明了所提容错控制方案的有效性和可行性.     

马尔可夫跳变系统基于观测器的有限时间容错控制

针对具有一般不确定转移速率的单边Lipschitz Markovian跳变系统,设计了有限时间故障估计观测器和容错控制器.首先,提出一种自适应的有限时间故障估计观测器,它对未知输入具有鲁棒性,能够同时估计出系统的状态、执行器故障和传感器故障,并确保了误差系统的H_∞有限时间有界.然后,基于所估计的状态和执行器故障,提出一种有限时间故障容错控制方法确保闭环系统H_∞有限时间有界.通过线性矩阵不等式的形式,给出了所设计的有限时间观测器和控制器存在的充分条件.最后,通过一个仿真实例,验证了所提方法的有效性.     

基于神经网络的非线性系统故障检测及容错控制方法

利用神经网络的非线性建模能力，提出了一种非线性系统的故障检测及容错控制方法。在本方法中，首先应用神经网络设计故障估计器，在线估计系统故障向量，实现故障检测；在此基础上，引入补偿控制器，消除故障对系统运行的影响，从而实现容错控制。同时基于Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ方法进行了稳定性分析。     

非均匀采样数据系统时变故障估计与调节最优集成设计

针对一类发生连续时变故障的非均匀采样数据系统,建立了一套主动容错控制最优设计方案. 首先,为了实现基于非均匀离散采样输出对连续故障的估计,同时鉴于现有自适应故障诊断方法无法直接推广于非均匀采样数据系统,提出一种连续时间增广观测器最优设计方法,既能保证故障估计误差快速收敛同时又对外界干扰鲁棒;并且提出一个迭代算法对故障估计延迟与系统鲁棒性进行权衡;进一步地,基于所获得的故障信息,并考虑估计误差和时变故障内采样特性对容错控制带来的不利因素,设计基于状态反馈的非均匀采样容错控制器来快速恢复故障系统性能;最后,通过对四容水箱基准实例的仿真来验证所提方法的有效性.     

基于降维观测器的网络控制系统的容错控制

针对被控对象是线性定常系统的网络控制系统,设传感器与控制器均为时间驱动,未能成功传输数据的传感器节点视为暂时失效,将网络控制系统建模为一类具有时变传感器"故障"的系统。此类系统相当于一个有限子系统的切换系统。借助容错控制和切换系统理论,利用Luenberger降维观测器估计系统状态,采用李亚普诺夫理论和线性矩阵不等式描述方法,给出了闭环系统渐近稳定的充分条件和控制器的设计方法。通过Matlab数值仿真算例,证明了分析方法和结果的有效性。     

Simultaneous fault detection and control for switched systems with actuator faults

This paper is concerned with the fault detection and control problem for discrete-time switched systems. The actuator faults, especially ‘outage cases’, are considered. The detector/controller is designed simultaneously such that the closed-loop system switches under an average dwell time, and when a fault is detected, an alarm is generated and then the controller is switched to allow the norm of the states of the subsystem to increase within the acceptable limits. Thus, a switching strategy which combines average dwell time switching with event-driven switching is proposed. Under this switching strategy, the attention is focused on designing the detector/controller such that estimation errors between residual signals and faults are minimised for the fulfillment of fault detection objectives; simultaneously, the closed-loop system becomes asymptotically stable for the fulfillment of control objectives. A two-step procedure is adopted to obtain the solutions through satisfying a set of linear matrix inequalities. An example comprising of three cases is considered. Through these cases, it is demonstrated that the fault detection and control for switched systems using a two-stage switching strategy and asynchronous switching are feasible.     

Active fault tolerant control for switched positive linear systems

The main aim of this paper is to design an active fault tolerant controller for switched positive linear systems. A theorem is proved for fault and state estimation of switched positive linear systems in terms of matrix inequality by considering average dwell‐time approach. By utilizing the theorem results, not only a fast and exact estimation of fault and state is obtained but also the positivity of state estimation is ensured. The feasibility problem is solved by formulating it into a special sequential optimization problem subject to LMI constraints. Based on the fault estimation information, an observer‐based fault tolerant control guaranties the stability and positivity of the closed‐loop system. Finally, a practical example including a data communication network is presented to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.     

Simultaneous reduced-order control and fault detection for discrete-time switched systems with relaxed persistent dwell time regularity

This paper focuses on the problem of simultaneous control and fault detection (FD) for discrete-time switched systems. The main goal is to develop a control/detection unit (CDU) associated with a switching law to control the system and detect faults simultaneously. When the switched systems are with partial measurable states, we directly use these states to construct partial control and FD signals. Next, the reduced-order CDU is designed to generate the other control and FD signals. Compared with existing results based on full-order CDU, the proposed results lead to less conservatism and reduce design complexity. The switching law is constructed in the frame of persistent dwell time (PDT) switching. A novel switching number constraint condition is introduced, which further relaxes the restrictions on the dwell time of switching processes of PDT. The less restriction on dwell time degrades the performance requirement of each subsystem and upgrades the degree of freedom for switching law design. Based on the proposed results, a class of nonweighted performance indexes is introduced to characterize the fault sensitivity and robustness. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by an example.     

Robust control and fault detection for continuous‐time switched systems subject to a dwell time constraint

This paper is concerned with the simultaneous robust control and fault detection problem for continuous‐time switched systems subject to a dwell time constraint. To meet the control and detection objectives under the constraint, the controller/detectors matching different time intervals are first constructed in an output feedback framework. A state‐dependent switching law that obeys the dwell time constraint is then designed such that the closed‐loop switched system is asymptotically stable and also with the robust and detection performance. Further, the proposed switching law is dependent only on the partial measurable states of the closed‐loop system, which is applicable when the states of system mode are fully unavailable. Thus, our result extends the existing ones in state‐dependent switching and state‐feedback frameworks. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A fault tolerant control framework for periodic switched non-linear systems

An observer-based fault tolerant control (FTC) framework is proposed for a class of periodic switched non-linear systems (PSNS) without full state measurements. Two kinds of faults are considered: continuous faults that affect each mode during its dwell period; and discrete faults that affect the switching sequence. Under the average dwell time scheme, the proposed FTC framework can maintain the stability of overall PSNS in spite of these two kinds of fault. A switched reluctance motor example is taken to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.     

Fast adaptive fault estimation and accommodation for nonlinear time‐varying delay systems

This paper studies the problem of fault estimation and accommodation for a class of nonlinear time‐varying delay systems using adaptive fault diagnosis observer (AFDO). A novel fast adaptive fault estimation algorithm that does not need the derivative of the output vector is proposed to enhance the performance of fault estimation. Meanwhile, a delay‐dependent criteria is obtained based on free weighting matrix method with the purpose of reducing the conservatism of the AFDO design. On the basis of fault estimation, an observer‐based fault‐tolerant controller is designed to guarantee the stability of the closed‐loop system. In terms of matrix inequality, we derive sufficient conditions for the existence of the adaptive observer and fault‐tolerant controller. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society     

An output delay approach to fault estimation for sampled-data systems

The problem of fault estimation for a class of non-uniformly sampled-data systems is investigated from the time delay point of view in this paper.Firstly,the output delay approach is employed to model the sampled-data system as a continuous-time one with time-varying delay output.Then,based on the analysis of the inapplicability of the adaptive fault diagnosis observer in such class of time-delay systems,a novel augmented fault estimation observer design method is proposed to guarantee the exponential convergence of the estimation errors.Furthermore,an extension to the case of time varying fault estimation for the noisy sampled-data systems is studied.Finally,simulation results of a flight control system are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Fault detection for switched nonlinear systems under asynchronous switching

Asynchronous switching between switched system and associated filter or controller frequently occurs in several applications. In this article, the fault detection problem for a class of switched nonlinear systems with asynchronous switching is addressed. To model the switched system behaviour under asynchronous switching, two working modes are adopted to facilitate the studies on the issue. Then, based on average dwell time approach, a fault detection filter is developed via solving LMIs. Furthermore, it is proved that the fault detection problem under synchronous switching is only a particular case of our results for asynchronous switching. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of proposed results.     

分数阶时变切换系统有限时间异步控制

针对一类时变切换系统,当考虑子系统具有分数阶(Fractional Order)特性时,提出了一种基于模型依赖平均驻留时间方法的有限时间稳定性条件及异步切换控制策略.借助Caputo分数阶导数引理和切换Lyapunov函数,利用矩阵不等式技术提出了分数阶时变切换系统有限时间稳定的充分条件.将有限时间稳定的结果进一步推广到有限时间有界的情形,利用平均驻留时间思想提出了分数阶时变切换系统有限时间有界的充分条件,基于该条件设计了系统的异步切换控制器.所给出的设计方法将系统异步切换控制问题转化为矩阵不等式组的求解问题.通过数值仿真验证了所提控制方法的有效性.     

水轮机调速器的智能故障诊断与控制研究

针对水轮机调速器故障诊断和容错控制难题,提出了一套适合于非线性时变系统的智能容错控制策略。该策略采用多传感器数据融合算法和符号法定性故障诊断法,以实现测频故障和液压随动系统故障检测;并探讨了控制算法重构规律,实现传感器故障时的无扰切换和稳定运行。该策略已在单机15MW高水头冲击水轮发电机上应用,效果良好。