RoFSO系统QAM调制解调仿真及其性能分析

由于自由空间光通信（FSO）具有速率高、功耗低、机动性强等特点,利用自由空间光信道传输射频信号（Radio Over FSO）,将其与正交幅度调制（QAM）相结合,可以使二者互相补充,发挥各自的优势。本文论述了自由空间光通信中正交幅度调制（QAM）的原理和特性,并进行了QAM调制和解调的matlab仿真。通过对得到的仿真结果进行比较和分析,研究了QAM信号的解调性能,分析计算了QAM信号相干解调的误比特率（BER）、误码率（SER）和信道容量。为Radio Over FSO系统的实现奠定了理论基础。     

基于声光调制的逆向调制光通信系统研究

为了扩展自由空间光通信的应用领域,设计了一套稳定性好、实用性较强的逆向调制光通信系统。采用一种基于声光调制器、逆向光链路等核心元件的实验方法,利用现场可编程门阵列发出晶体管-晶体管逻辑门电平对声光调制器进行控制,采用二进制频移键控与二进制脉宽调制调制相结合的四进制调制方法,同时使用冗余校验置换、改进的汉明码等加密纠错方式,实现了室内逆向调制激光通信。结果表明,该通信系统的串口通信速率可达115.2kbit/s、高频载波达1MHz、且保密性良好、误比特率低于10-6,同时证明了激光外调制逆向通信系统载波最高可达到5MHz左右。     

弱湍流条件下LDPC码室内FSO通信系统调制性能分析

为了克服光在弱湍流大气条件传输时,光强闪烁造成的突发错误,理论分析了基于开关键控、脉冲位置调制、差分脉冲位置调制和数字脉冲间隔调制方式的自由空间光通信系统性能。首先推导了无线光通信未编码系统在各调制方式下的平均误比特率公式;在此基础上,将低密度奇偶校验码和置信传播算法应用到无线光通信系统中,研究了相应系统模型下的译码,并在大气湍流信道中进行了理论分析和实验仿真验证。结果表明,脉冲位置调制可获得最好的误比特率性能;采用低密度奇偶校验的大气弱湍流光通信系统比未编码的通信系统性能好,并且可以有效地增加信噪比增益,能够提高系统的抗干扰能力,在无线光通信系统中将有一定的应用前景。     

相对时延对ST-FSK系统性能的影响

空时频移键控(ST-FSK)结合了空时分组码和频移键控的优点,在瑞利衰落信道条件下无需信道信息,可采用非相干的最大似然(ML)检测器。该文推导了在接收端已知相对时延条件下的非相干ML判决度量,讨论了在接收端未知相对时延条件下信噪比与二进制、四进制ST-FSK系统误比特率性能的关系。理论和仿真结果都表明:(1)低信噪比弱化了相对时延对ST-FSK系统可靠性的影响,但在高信噪比条件下相对时延会严重制约系统性能;(2)相对时延对系统性能的影响与系统进制数的关系不大。     

一种MFSK信号的软解调Turbo译码算法

为了提高短波通信中多进制频移键控（Multiple Frequency Shift Keying,MFSK）信号的传输性能,提出了一种适用于MFSK信号的软解调Turbo译码算法。利用快速傅里叶变换（Fast Fourier Transform,FFT）计算MFSK调制频率对应的信号幅值,并结合增强型Turbo码结构,编码时将MFSK信号调制频率与Turbo编码状态形成映射关系,译码时利用软解调信号幅值直接计算对数分支度量,减少了比特似然信息计算的误差。仿真结果表明,相比于常规软比特解调译码算法,所提算法提高了MFSK信号软解调Turbo译码算法的误比特率（Bit Error Rate,BER）性能。     

连续相位调制及其解调在高速跳频系统中的应用

介绍了应用于高速跳频系统中的连续相位调制的调制方法及其差分检测和Viterbi译码解调方法,并对L=2,h=1/4的四进制连续相位调制的误比特率(BER)进行了仿真.对L=1,h=1/2的二进制连续相位调制的同步数据中的相关码的正确检测概率进行了分析,仿真结果和分析表明连续相位调制可以满足高速跳频系统的要求.     

fso中一种光载波外差dpsk系统的设计

介绍了自由空间光通信中的相干通信系统,通过对相干光通信中振幅键控(ASK),频移键控(FSK),相移键控(PSK),差分相移键控(DPSK)四种光载波相干调制方式性能的分析和比较,仿真结果得出PSK调制误码性能更好,提出了一种光载波外差差分相移键控(DPSK)系统.     

基于四进制频移键控调制的无线光通信同态滤波技术研究

基于无线光通信链路噪声特性,建立了大气信道等效数学模型。针对大气湍流引起的信号起伏,对通过大气信道的四进制频移键控(4FSK)已调信号采用了同态滤波技术去噪,同态系统中线性滤波器设计了零相位数字滤波器。当信源码字长度取500时,同态滤波去噪后的信号通过过零检测进行解调,在光强闪烁指数s2σ=0.1,信噪比10 dB时,误码率达到7×10-4,滤波效果明显优于传统数字滤波器。仿真结果表明,同态滤波能有效地滤除大气信道中的乘性噪声,能够有效地抑制大气湍流,提高光通信可靠性。     

基于LDPC码的无线光通信副载波误码性能分析

为了研究信道编码技术对无线光通信副载波系统差错性能的影响,基于无线光通信链路噪声特性,建立了大气信道等效数学模型。采用低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码作为信道编码方式引入无线光通信,在不同光强闪烁指数下对基于副载波相移键控调制无线光通信系统进行了差错性能仿真,比较分析了LDPC编码前后副载波调制系统的误比特率,并对二相相移键控及四相相移键控两种系统进行了对比。结果表明,副载波二相相移键控调制系统的差错性能优于四相相移键控系统,同时LDPC码在弱湍流信道具有优越的纠错能力,可以获得比未编码系统较高的编码增益,在无线光通信领域具有一定的应用价值。     

多进制扩频系统性能分析与仿真

通过对多进制扩频系统的研究,仿真出几种不同进制下的误比特率曲线,与传统直接序列扩频进行了性能比较,并对采用不同信道编码的16进制扩频系统进行性能仿真,得出多进制扩频系统适合采用的信道编码。在抗单频干扰的通信模型下,仿真并分析了采用信道编码的16进制扩频系统的抗单频干扰能力,进一步说明多进制扩频具有良好的性能,适合应用于带宽受限的测控系统。     

无线光通信系统误码性能分析及方法研究

误码率(BER)是衡量无线光通信系统设计优劣的重要指标,如何正确统计误码性能显得尤为重要。利用Matlab软件,研究基于蒙特卡罗仿真实现无线光通信系统误码性能分析的方法。介绍了无线光通信系统以及利用蒙特卡罗仿真进行性能估计的原理;研究了误码性能仿真方法,详细地给出了仿真中的信源产生方法、信道模型、信噪比参数计算方法、误码率统计方法等,并给出了部分核心Matlab程序;给出了基于低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码、脉冲位置调制(PPM)的无线光通信系统仿真图,详细介绍了各仿真参数的设置,并在不同天气和不同信噪比条件下统计了系统性能。统计结果表明,此性能分析方法准确可行。     

基于双模turbo码的自由空间光通信系统特性分析

在自由空间光通信(FSO)系统中,大气信道的信噪比(SNR)特性对系统的通信性能影响很大,提出了双模turbo码的编码方案.从研究大气对自由空间光通信系统的影响出发,在分析了大气信道特性后建立了大气信道信噪比和能见度的关系,详细阐述了双模turbo码的编码、译码原理.应用建立的大气信道的信噪比关系,仿真分析了大气信道的信噪比和大气能见度的关系和两种编码条件下自由空间光通信系统的误码率(BER).结果表明,对于一个实用的无线光通信系统,在要求系统的误码率低于10-5时,基于双模turbo码的系统所要求的信道信噪比比基于普通turbo码的系统的要求低1 dB.因此在相同的信噪比条件下,相对于普通turbo码,双模turbo码能有效降低系统的误码率.     

Performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation in asymmetrical dual-hop mixed RF-FSO transmission system

This paper investigates the performance of a dual-hop mixed relay system with radio frequency (RF) and free-space optics (FSO) communication under the effect of pointing error (PE) and atmospheric turbulence (AT). This paper considers a system where RF and FSO links are cascaded. The RF link is modeled by Nakagami-m fading, and the FSO link is modeled as gamma–gamma (G-G) fading channel. Both the channel models use orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The expressions for probability density function, cumulative distribution function, signal-to-noise ratio, and ergodic capacity are derived. The moment generating function (MGF) of fading and the bit error rate (BER) of the OFDM-based M-ary QAM scheme is derived in terms of Meijer's G-function. It has been observed that, in fixed gain relay systems, the modulation scheme's BER is dominated by the SNR of the RF link. While in a variable gain relay system, the turbulence conditions of the FSO system affect the SNR and the BER of the modulation method. The feasibility of heterodyne detection and intensity modulation direct detection (IM/DD) is analyzed in terms of outage probability and ergodic capacity. The results can be used to choose the optimal modulation order and relay system for QAM-OFDM-based optical wireless systems.     

具有能量收集的双向RF/FSO中继系统性能分析

设计了一种在大气湍流和指向误差影响下的带有能量收集的混合双向RF/FSO中继传输系统。RF信号部分采用能量分割的方式进行能量收集,FSO信号部分则将其信号中的直流电分量所携带的能量收集起来存储在中继器中。其中射频RF链路采用Nakagamim信道衰落模型,自由空间光FSO链路采用Gamma Gamma信道衰落模型。并且计算出了两条链路各自的累积分布函数CDF。采用DF的中继协作方式,并利用Meijei G函数推导出系统中断概率的闭合表达式,最终通过仿真来验证结果的正确性。     

A bit error rate analysis for TCP traffic over parallel free space photonics

Inter-satellite links (ISL) are a useful technology to transmit data to space stations and to communicate between satellites. However, there are serious limitations due to long delays and poor channel performance, resulting in high bit error rates (BER). In this paper, parallel transmission and the scaling of the Transport Control Protocol (TCP) window in free space optics (FSO) communications are analyzed in order to overcome these disadvantages in optical inter-satellite links. Latency and BER are the dominant effects that determine link performance. Thus, a physical, link, network and transport cross-layer analysis for FSO over ISL is presented in this paper. This analysis shows the advantages and disadvantages of using optical parallel transmission and TCP window scaling for free space optical links between stations and satellite constellations. The key contribution of this work is to simulate the effects of the BER and to link the results to packet error rate (PER) to determine the goodput for TCP transmissions by using a cross-layering approach. The results give evidence that wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) can mitigate the effects of long delay and high BER for a FSO communication using TCP.     

Performance analysis of weather-dependent satellite–terrestrial network with rate adaptation hybrid free-space optical and radio frequency link

Due to the rapid development of satellite laser communication technology, free-space optical (FSO) links present a promising alternative to traditional radio frequency (RF) links. In this paper, taking the influence of weather factors into consideration, we investigate the performance of the hybrid FSO/RF links where the feeder link operates in the FSO band and the user link operates in the hybrid FSO/RF band. Specifically, the FSO feeder link is modeled by the gamma–gamma distribution in the presence of beam wander and pointing error, and the detection method adopts either the intensity modulation with direct intensity (IM/DD) or heterodyne detection. The RF user link is assumed to follow the shadowed Rician model. In addition, in order to improve the transmission rate of the link under the time-varying satellite–terrestrial channel, a rate adaptation scheme is proposed. The performance of the system under study is evaluated in terms of the outage probability, average bit error rate (BER), and average transmission rate. Our results provide some important insights, for example, (1) due to the constraints of the feeder link and weather factors, there is an upper limit on the outage performance and bit error rate of the hybrid link; (2) the adaptive transmission strategy can significantly improve the transmission rate of the link compared with traditional design.     

自由空间光通信中LT码的编码技术研究

为了克服大气湍流对自由空间光通信(FSO)链路的影响,将LT码应用到FSO系统中,并结合基于部分信息LT码的修正转移鲁棒孤子分布(ISRSD),模拟了不同大气湍流强度信道,采用不同的编码方案进行模拟比较,结果表明:与RS码相比,误码率为10-4时,LT码获得大约2 dB的编码增益;相比于RSD,ISRSD能使译码开销降低1％～2％,且LT码采用ISRSD后,误码率为10-7时,系统获得0.2～0.5 dB的编码增益.     

Performance analysis of a variable‐gain amplify‐and‐forward relayed mixed RF‐FSO system

In this work, an amplify‐and‐forward variable‐gain relayed mixed RF‐FSO system is studied. The considered dual‐hop system consists of a radio frequency (RF) link followed by a free space optical (FSO) channel. The RF link is affected by short‐term multipath fading and long‐term shadowing effects and is assumed to follow the generalized‐K fading distribution that approximates accurately several important distributions often used to model communication channels. The FSO channel experiences fading caused by atmospheric turbulence that is modeled by the gamma‐gamma distribution characterizing moderate and strong turbulence conditions. The FSO channel also suffers path loss and pointing error induced misalignment fading. The performance of the considered system is analyzed under the collective influence of distribution shaping parameters, pointing errors that result in misalignment fading, atmospheric turbulence, and path loss. The moment‐generating function of the Signal power to noise power ratio measured end‐to‐end for this system is derived. The cumulative distribution function for the Signal power to noise power ratio present between the source and destination receiver is also evaluated. Further, we investigate the error and outage performance and the average channel capacity for this system. The analytical expressions in closed form for the outage probability, symbol and bit error rate considering different modulation schemes and channel capacity are also derived. The mathematical expressions obtained are also demonstrated by numerical plots.     

Enhancing spectral efficiency of FSO system using adaptive SIM/M‐PSK and SIMO in the presence of atmospheric turbulence and pointing errors

This paper proposes an adaptive transmission modulation (ATM) technique for free‐space optical (FSO) links over gamma‐gamma turbulence channels.The ATM technique provides efficient utilization of the FSO channel capacity for improving spectral efficiency, by adapting the order of the phase‐shift keying modulation scheme, according to the channel conditions and the required bit error rate (BER). To overcome the channel degradation resulting from the turbulence effects as well as the pointing errors (PEs), single‐input multiple‐output (SIMO) system with maximal ratio combining (MRC) is proposed. Exact closed‐form expressions of BER and upper bound of the capacity are derived and verified by Monte Carlo simulations. The numerical results show that the proposed adaptive technique improves the spectral efficiency (SE) five times higher than the nonadaptive technique at the same BER threshold (10^?3).This improvement is achieved at signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) equals 27 and 42  dB in the case of atmospheric turbulence without and with PE, respectively. Furthermore, this SE could be obtained while the SNR = 30  dB by using ( 1 × 4 ) SIMO scheme with MRC and PE and having the same transmitting optical power.