有机硅季铵盐抗菌整理剂的合成工艺研究

首先以八甲基环四硅氧烷、氨乙基氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷为原料合成氨基聚硅氧烷,最佳反应温度为130℃、反应时间为4 h;再经季铵化制得有机硅季铵盐抗菌整理剂,最佳反应条件为：反应温度80℃、反应时间4 h、氨基聚硅氧烷与季铵化试剂摩尔比1：2.0。织物抗菌整理实验表明,整理后的织物具有良好的抗菌性能,当抗菌整理剂用量为1...     

环氧基有机硅季铵盐的合成与应用

以N，N-二乙基氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷和环氧氯丙烷为原料，合成了含环氧基的有机硅烷季铵盐。考察了反应溶剂、反应温度、反应时间对产物收率的影响及产物的抗菌性能，优化的工艺条件为：以无水甲醇为溶剂、在55℃下反应10h；在此条件下产物的收率在80％以上。当季铵盐在大肠杆菌菌液中的质量分数达到0．10％时，可有效杀死菌液中的大肠杆菌。     

含阳离子表面活性剂高吸水性树脂的性能

采用含有烯丙基结构的长链烷基季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂和丙烯酰胺为原料。以N，N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂，水溶液聚合法合成一种新型的高吸水性树脂。探讨了交联剂用量、单体中季铵盐的含量等对共聚树脂吸水率的影响；并对共聚树脂的溶胀速率及抗菌性能进行了测试。实验结果表明：在聚合体系中加入一定量的长链烷基季铵盐，共聚树脂在去离子水和质量分数为0．9％ NaCl的水溶液中的最大吸水量分别由415g／g和48g／g提高到535g／g和62g／g；共聚树脂还具有抗菌杀菌性能。对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌等微生物菌株均有不同程度的杀灭和抑制其生长的作用，树脂中季铵基团的含量越高、烷基链越长，树脂的抗菌效果越好。     

聚硅氧烷季铵盐抗菌整理剂的合成及应用

介绍了聚硅氧烷季铵盐抗菌整理剂的合成方法及其应用性能。指出了现存的问题和今后的研究方向。聚硅氧烷季铵盐的合成主要以DC-5700型季铵盐和氨基硅油、含氢硅油等聚合物为原料，经过平衡聚合、缩聚、季铵化等反应制得。可用于织物材料的抗菌、除垢、防静电处理，并且能大大降低界面的界面张力。由于其与被处理材料的表面以化学键结合，因而不易脱落，是一种安全高效的新型阳离子表面活性剂，具有广阔的应用前景。     

环氧基有机硅季铵盐的合成与应用

以N，N-二乙基氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷和环氧氯丙炕为原料，合成了含环氧基的有机硅烷季铵盐。考察了反应溶剂、反应温度、反应时间对产物收率的影响及产物的抗菌性能，优化的工艺条件为：以无水甲醇为溶剂、在55℃下反应10h；在此条件下产物的收率在80M以上。当季铵盐在大肠杆菌菌液中的质量分数达到0．10％时，可有效杀死菌液中的大肠杆菌。     

聚硅氧烷季铵盐的合成及应用研究进展

阐述了聚硅氧烷季铵盐的4种合成方法:氨基硅烷(油)与季铵化试剂的季铵化反应法、卤烃基硅烷与叔胺的取代反应法、含氢硅油(烷)与含活性基团的不饱和化合物的硅氢加成及季铵化反应法、甲基硅油与氨基硅烷、季铵盐的平衡反应法,介绍了其在织物整理、日化产品、农药、污水处理等方面的应用,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

聚合季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂的合成和性能研究

以氯丙烯与二甲基十八烷基胺(OTA)为原料合成了二甲基十八烷基烯丙基氯化铵(DAOAAC).用红外光谱、元素分析、显微镜以及熔点测定仪对产物进行了理化分析和表征,以溴酚蓝为指示剂、二氯乙烷为分散相的两相化学滴定法测定产品中所含季铵盐的质量分数,最后测定了产品的表面物理性质,并对产品的杀菌和缓蚀性能进行了研究.结果表明,25℃下,DAOAAC的cmc为1.09×10-4mol/L,γcmc33.6mN/m,Krafft点＜0℃,制备得到的季铵盐具有优良的表面性能、抗菌和缓蚀性能.     

具有亲和保湿调理性的一种单分子季铵盐

季铵盐和聚季铵盐不仅具有很好的调理效果，还具有很好的保湿和抗菌效果，在日化产品中得到广泛的应用。单分子季铵盐是近年来很多原料商开发的重点，它不仅具有季铵盐和聚季铵盐的效果，还具有很多像阳离子瓜耳胶等不具有的效果。介绍了单分子季铵盐N，N-二油酰氧乙基胺乙基-N，N′-二羟乙基-N′-乙基硫酸乙酯铵(SINOTEC106)和其他产品的对比及其一些特性。     

脂肪伯胺项目系列产品简介之三

一、项目名称 长链烷基季铵盐的生产。 二、工艺路线 从叔胺经季铵化试剂反应得季铵盐产品,根据所用原料及季铵化试剂不同,可得到不同的季铵盐品种。常见的季铵盐品种有:单长链烷基三甲基季铵盐、双长链烷基二甲基季铵盐、单长链烷基苄基二甲基季铵盐及单长链烷基二(羟乙基)季铵盐。     

葡萄糖酰胺季铵盐表面活性剂的合成与性能

以葡萄糖酸内酯、N, N-二丁基-1, 3-丙二胺和溴代烷为原料，采用先胺酯反应、后季铵化两步法合成了系列葡萄糖酰胺季铵盐表面活性剂（CnDGMAPB，n=8、10、12、14、16)。采用FTIR、1HNMR和13CNMR对中间体和产物结构进行了鉴定，并对其表面活性、润湿性能、乳化性能、泡沫性能和产品毒性等性能进行研究。结果显示，CnDGMAPB具有较好的表面活性，随着碳链的增长，临界胶束浓度（cmc）和分子截面积（Amin）逐渐减小，表面活性效率（pC20）和饱和吸附量（Гmax）逐渐增大，表面张力（γcmc）在28~32 mN/m之间。在考察浓度（0.01-5 mmol/L）范围内，C12DGMAPB和C16DGMAPB溶液与聚四氟乙烯膜（PTFE）的接触角降低到47o，此类糖基酰胺季铵盐具有较好的润湿和乳化性能。5 min时泡沫体积都很小，属于典型的低泡型产品。细胞毒性和急性经口毒性实验均显示，此类葡萄糖酰胺季铵盐表面活性剂为低毒产品。当C12DGMAPB质量浓度在0.2 g/L时，对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率都能达到100%，对皮肤无刺激，具有较好的抗静电性能。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.