Principle of Multi-roller Straightening Process and Quantitative Resolutions of Straightening Strategies

The multi-roller straightening process of section steel is analyzed by the springback theory of small curva- ture plane bending. The theoretical analysis results prove the curvature unification in straightening process and clear- ly reveal the principle of the multi-roller straightening process. The principle can be described as~ the initial curva- tures are reduced by several times anti-bendingl meanwhile the initial curvature differences are diminished and the residual curvatures are unified~ finally, the member after curvature unification is straightened by the last anti-ben- ding. With the plastic region ratios becoming larger, the initial curvatures are more easily unified in straightening process. Based on the plastic region ratios and the required number of roller systems for unifying the initial curva- tures, the large deformation straightening strategy and the small deformation straightening strategy are redefined. The new definition provides an important theoretical basis for setting reliable reduction rules. Through the theoretical analysis results, a new straightener design philosophy is proposed to improve the straightening quality and further increase the adjustment precision as well as the flexibility of the last roller system. The adjustable end roller emerges as the times required, achieving a good effect in practical application.     

管棒材单曲率矫直力动态仿真分析

针对管棒材在单曲率矫直时矫直力无精确数学模型仅靠人工经验或反复试矫确定的实际问题,运用ANSYS/LS - DYNA对矫直过程进行了动态可视化仿真,得到了矫直过程中最大矫直力数据,并通过现场实验证明了分析结果的正确性和可信性.     

薄壁管材等曲率矫直辊形曲线与设计平台研发

针对薄壁管材等曲率矫直辊形曲线无精确数学模型的实际问题,运用空间曲线、曲面相关几何关系和坐标变换,以管材在辊缝中单曲率弯曲为出发点,建立了辊形曲线的解析模型,通过算例证明了模型的可操作性,并运用VB和Solidworks开发了等曲率矫直辊设计平台,实现矫直辊的快速设计.     

薄壁管矫直过程中性层位移解析

为进一步揭示薄壁金属管材矫直变形机理,基于薄壁构件弹塑性理论及相关假设建立了薄壁管材矫直变形区的应力应变关系模型,基于此完成了矫直过程应变中性层位移模型的解析,通过对模型变化趋势的分析,证明了位移量随相对反弯半径的增大而减小,并给出了不同金属材料位移模型的应用方法,为深入研究薄壁管材的矫直机理和变形过程提供了理论依据。     

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According to the elastic- plastic bending theory, the straightening reduction could be calculated by the curvature integral method. The 3D dynamic finite element model of bimetal composite plate was established during straightening process. And then the change rules of longitudinal displacement of composite plate and the influence on the residual stress of composite plate under different reduction procedures during straightening process were analyzed by simulation. The results show that the part of the initial wave shape can be eliminated in initial pass time, and the crown of straightened plates can be largely reduced after properly increasing the subsequent inflection during the straightening process, residual stress of the plate is small and uniformly distributed. The flatness of straightened composite plate is complied with the national standards.     

钢管斜辊矫直机辊形的一种空间算法及应用

矫直辊是斜辊矫直机上用于矫直钢管的工模具,辊形为特殊曲面,辊形设计直接决定了矫直效果。介绍了钢管斜辊矫直的工作原理及对矫直辊辊形的理论要求,选取了研究对象并建立坐标系,以矫直辊和基准钢管的空间接触曲线几何特性分析为基础,通过一系列数学路径,推导出空间接触曲线、辊形曲面、辊形母线的方程式,对辊形曲面的几何性质进行了描述。将所描述方法推导出的空间接触曲线方程式和基于共轭运动啮合原理算法推导出的空间接触曲线方程式进行了统一,实现了算法间的理论印证。利用推导出的方程式,对某一规格矫直机的辊形母线进行了数据计算和数值处理,介绍了数值处理的方法及效果。将该算法在某新建工程的3台矫直机辊形设计中进行应用,现场检测表明,在基准条件下,设计的辊形和样管的接触度良好,生产中矫直效果良好。     

钢管斜辊矫直机辊形的一种空间算法及应用

矫直辊是斜辊矫直机上用于矫直钢管的工模具,辊形为特殊曲面,辊形设计直接决定了矫直效果。介绍了钢管斜辊矫直的工作原理及对矫直辊辊形的理论要求,选取了研究对象并建立坐标系,以矫直辊和基准钢管的空间接触曲线几何特性分析为基础,通过一系列数学路径,推导出空间接触曲线、辊形曲面、辊形母线的方程式,对辊形曲面的几何性质进行了描述。将所描述方法推导出的空间接触曲线方程式和基于共轭运动啮合原理算法推导出的空间接触曲线方程式进行了统一,实现了算法间的理论印证。利用推导出的方程式,对某一规格矫直机的辊形母线进行了数据计算和数值处理,介绍了数值处理的方法及效果。将该算法在某新建工程的3台矫直机辊形设计中进行应用,现场检测表明,在基准条件下,设计的辊形和样管的接触度良好,生产中矫直效果良好。     

辊式矫直过程弯辊量对边浪影响的仿真分析

针对辊式矫直过程建立具有边浪特征的带钢有限元仿真模型,通过对比现场工况实测矫直力与有限元模型计算所得的矫直力,得到二者误差在10%以内,验证了有限元模型的精度。分别采用原始曲率补偿法和塑性变形层增加法确定了4种弯辊量设定方案。采用上述方案对浪高为20 mm的带钢进行矫直,对比矫直后带钢平直度情况,得出按最高浪采用原始曲率补偿法计算得到的弯辊量矫直效果最优。同时随着弯辊量的加大,矫直力也随之增加,为现场边浪矫直过程提供了依据。     

TA15钛合金管材温矫直工艺研究

本文主要对TA15钛合金管材在不同温度下矫直后对管材平直度和表面质量的影响进行了研究。通过研究表明,选择合适的矫直辊转速、矫直辊倾角、压下量和弯曲量,能够研制出满足相关技术标准要求的管材。     

弹性芯理论对正确制定矫直规程的作用

简要介绍了矫直反弯曲率半径的计算过程,研究了弹性芯理论,得出了条材(包括棒材,板材,型材,带材)弯曲隐患与弹区比之间的函数关系曲线,通过该曲线选择合适的弹区比来控制弯曲隐患的大小,从而确定反弯半径并制定正确的矫直规程,提高矫直精度和产品质量.     

六斜辊管材矫直过程精度解析

摘要：以管材六斜辊矫直过程为研究对象,推导了管材经一次反弯后,弹复曲率及残余曲率的演变过程。根据管材旋转一圈弯曲2次,计算了管材全流程矫直微元段的反弯次数;借助三次样条函数,以管材与矫直辊接触点为特征点,拟合出了管材在辊系中的弯曲形态。基于所获得的函数,可以获得任意位置处的弯曲曲率;对某一微梁段的反弯弹复过程进行循环迭代,计算出管材微梁段的最终残余曲率,进而得到最终的管材矫后的直线度精度。通过与现场矫直数据对比,证明该模型能够可靠地预测六斜辊矫直精度,为科学合理的设定矫直参数奠定了理论基础。     

薄壁管材连续矫直拉伸失稳极限弯曲半径模型

 薄壁管材连续矫直拉伸失稳极限弯曲半径作为重要的工艺参数,直接决定了设备结构和产品质量。而目前现场仍沿用经验图表结合人工经验和反复试矫对其进行估定,为此基于薄壳理论的相关假设,确定了变形区的应力应变,运用Swift分散失稳准则建立了塑性拉伸失稳极限弯曲半径的解析模型,并进行了有限元仿真验证。研究结果表明：解析模型可正确计算薄壁管材矫直时拉伸失稳的极限弯曲半径,该半径随初始弯曲半径的增大而减小,并与管材直径和金属塑性加工能力有关,为继续深入研究矫直相关工艺参数的合理设置、完善薄壁管材矫直理论体系奠定基础。     

小断面管材二辊矫直机压扁量分析

 压扁加反弯矫直是提高小断面管材矫直精度的有效方法,针对矫直过程中压扁量不易确定的问题,利用大型非线性有限元软件建立小断面管材二辊矫直过程的三维弹塑性有限元模型,研究了不同压扁量时接触长度、矫直力、残余应力、直线度和椭圆度的变化情况。经综合分析后给出合理的压扁量取值范围为0.45~0.70 mm。现场试验结果表明,参考此压扁量取值范围来调节辊缝可以得到很好的矫直效果,减少了辊缝调节时间。     

Prediction of Maximum Section Flattening of Thin-walled Circular Steel Tube in Continuous Rotary Straightening Process

Cross-sectional ovalization of thin-walled circular steel tube because of large plastic bending,also known as the Brazier effect,usually occurs during the initial stage of tube′s continuous rotary straightening process.The amount of ovalization,defined as maximal cross section flattening,is an important technical parameter in tube′s straightening process to control tube′s bending deformation and prevent buckling.However,for the lack of special analytical model,the maximal section flattening was determined in accordance with the specified charts developed by experienced operators on the basis of experimental data;thus,it was inevitable that the localized buckling might occur during some actual straightening operations.New normal strain component formulas were derived based on the thin shell theory.Then,strain energy of thin-walled tube(per unit length)was obtained using the elastic-plastic theory.A rational model for predicting the maximal section flattening of the thin-walled circular steel tube under its straightening process was presented by the principle of minimum potential energy.The new model was validated by experiments and numerical simulations.The results show that the new model agrees well with the experiments and the numerical simulations with error of less than 10%.This new model was expected to find its potential application in thin-walled steel tube straightening machine design.     

薄壁管材连续矫直截面扁化动态仿真分析

薄壁管材在连续矫直过程中会在大弯曲变形阶段发生截面扁化（即Bazier效应）,截面最大扁化量和残留扁化量作为重要工艺参数,用以控制截面变形程度和管材的圆度。而目前现场仍沿用经验图表结合人工经验和反复试矫对其进行估定,为此运用ANSYS/LS-DYNA对薄壁管材弯曲扁化的过程进行动态仿真,得到了最大扁化量和残留扁化量数据,并通过现场实验证明了分析结果的正确性和可信性,为现场矫直过程相关工艺参数的合理设置提供有效手段。     

Simplified calculation of the bending torques of steel sheet and the roller reaction in a straightening machine

In the straightening of steel sheet, it is necessary to calculate the optimal reduction of the steel blank by the working rollers of the straightening machine so that the sheet produced has the minimum residual stress and curvature. In the simulation of sheet straightening in multiroller machines, the curvature and bending torques of the steel sheet at contact points with the working rollers are first calculated and then the straightening forces are determined. In straightening steel sheet, it is important to calculate the forces in the multiroller straightening machine. Such calculations are based on determination of the reaction of the roller bearings and the forces at the upper and lower working-roller cassettes in straightening. With insufficient bending torque, it is impossible to eliminate harmful residual stress and surface defects in the sheet. Extreme roller torques and forces at the roller cassettes often lead to defects of the sheet, fracture of the working and supporting rollers, and failure of the straightening machine. In the present work, an approximate method is proposed for calculation of the optimal cold-straightening parameters of the steel sheet in a multiroller machine. The calculations permit determination of the curvature of the neutral plane in the sheet on straightening, the residual curvature of the sheet after straightening, the bending torque and the reaction of the working-roller bearings, the residual stress in the sheet, the penetration of the plastic deformation into the depth of the steel sheet, and the relative deformation of the longitudinal surface fibers of the sheet on straightening as a function of the radius of the working rollers, the distance between the rollers of the straightening machine, the reduction of the sheet by the upper rollers, the sheet thickness, and its properties (Young’s modulus, yield point, and strengthening modulus). The results may be widely used at manufacturing and metallurgical plants.     

矫直工艺对Zr-Sn-Nb系合金管材氢化物取向的影响

核反应堆包壳管的氢化物取向因子会较大程度的影响其力学性能和使用性能。为此,使用6辊精密管材矫直机对?10 mm的Zr-Sn-Nb系合金成品管材进行矫直实验,研究辊缝值、弯曲量及矫直辊角度对其氢化物取向因子的影响。采用X射线衍射技术分析矫直管材的残余应力,采用光学显微镜观察高压釜渗氢试样的氢化物分布,并通过评级软件检测氢化物取向因子(Fn~(40°))。结果表明:辊缝值、弯曲量及矫直辊角度均对矫直后管材的残余应力有显著影响,并且管材氢化物取向因子随着残余应力的增大而增大。当辊缝值≥10 mm,弯曲量≤4.2 mm,矫直辊角度在31.5°～33.5°之间时管材残余正应力≤35.6 MPa,切应力≤37.8 MPa,此时氢化物取向呈周向或接近周向,氢化物取向因子满足技术要求。     

转毂钢球式钢筋矫直切断机的设计研究

针对钢筋矫直功率消耗大的缺点,提出了一种新型的模块矫直原理--转毂钢球式模块矫直.即在模块体内镶嵌3个可以任意方向转动的钢球,变传统矫直中钢筋与模体之间的滑动摩擦为钢筋与钢球间的滚动摩擦.其优点为:送、拉料和矫直功率大大下降,矫直质量明显提高,尤其是矫直带肋钢筋,无肉眼可见划痕,矫直后的钢筋不直度每米小于1 mm,且产品质量稳定.对矫直力能参数进行了分析计算,可为设计矫直机提供参考.     

合金钢扁钢复合矫直孔型的设计及应用

主要叙述了合金钢扁钢复合矫直孔型的设计与应用，孔型轴线与矫直辊轴线成一定的倾角，使得扁钢的平面弯曲及侧面弯曲一次性被矫直。     

棒材二辊矫直过程曲率的全流程定量解析

为了摸清棒材斜辊矫直过程中各曲率的变化规律,应用小曲率平面弯曲弹复理论以及棒材弯曲弹复的曲率方程式,实现棒材一次反弯弹复的计算模型,基于棒材每旋转半周反弯一次的规律以及上一次弹复后的残余曲率认为是下一次弯曲的原始曲率,建立棒材全流程二辊矫直过程弯曲弹复模型,获得整个矫直过程中原始曲率、弯曲曲率、弹复曲率以及残余曲率的演变过程,得到棒材最终的残余曲率.应用该理论模型对现场生产过程进行了计算,与现场结果一致,验证了理论模型的正确性.应用所建立的理论模型对不同直径、不同材料屈服强度、不同原始挠度的棒材矫直过程分别进行分析,获得了不同来料参数情况下矫直过程的变形规律.该模型可以为二辊矫直机辊型优化设计与工艺参数计算提供理论依据.