WLAN中OFDM系统载波频率同步算法研究

针对OFDM技术中的载波频率同步问题,分析了载波频率偏差对OFDM系统造成的影响,总结了基于IEEE802.11标准的三种常见的频偏估计算法:基于循环前缀的最大似然算法、基于训练序列的时域相关算法和基于导频的频域相关算法,提出一种基于训练序列和导频的联合载波频偏估计算法。性能仿真结果表明,该联合估计算法在估计范围和估计精度上具有明显的优势,适合实际工程应用。     

一种改进的频偏估计算法及其性能仿真

论文在比较分析现有基于数据辅助的经典频偏估计算法的基础上,提出了一种改进的Fitz载波频偏估计算法.与原算法相比,该改进算法不仅扩大了频偏估计范围,同时提高了频偏估计精度.通过仿真验证了该改进算法性能.     

基于改进强跟踪无迹卡尔曼滤波的正交频分复用频偏跟踪和估计算法

针对高速运动环境下多普勒效应导致的载波频偏,建立了正交频分复用(OFDM)动态状态空间模型,提出了基于改进的强跟踪无迹卡尔曼滤波(STUKF)的频偏跟踪和估计算法。该算法将强跟踪滤波思想跟UKF相结合,通过在计算量测预测协方差和互协方差时引入渐消因子,在调整前一时刻频偏估计误差协方差的同时又控制过程噪声协方差,实时调整增益矩阵,增强了对时变频偏的跟踪能力,提高了估计精度。最后分别在非时变和时变频偏模型下对所提算法进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明,与UKF频偏估计算法相比,所提算法在时变频偏中具有更好的跟踪和估计性能,在相同误码率(BER)下信噪比(SNR)大约有1dB的提升。     

MB-OFDM UWB系统频偏估计方法改进研究

针对多带OFDM超宽带(MB-OFDM UWB)系统,依据物理层国际标准ECMA-368,对现有的频偏估计方法做了改进,提出了一种高性能、低复杂度、高鲁棒性的联合载波和采样频偏估计方法。该方法在SC算法基础上,通过选择合适的相关距离,使频偏估计算法适合于所有的跳频模式,同时也改善了估计性能。仿真结果表明,新方法在保证估计性能的基础上可有效降低复杂度,适合于高速MB-OFDM UWB系统。     

同步头辅助的MPSK信号高精度频偏估计

针对传统MPSK信号载波频偏估计方法精度差的问题,提出了一种MPSK信号的高精度载波频偏估计算法,该算法采用同步头辅助,在数字传输系统中非常易于实现。将该算法与早期的几种频偏估计算法在性能上进行了对比,对比结果显示,算法估计精度很高,在信噪比低至0dB的情况下可接近于Cramer-Rao界。     

OFDM系统中基于循环前缀的频偏估计算法

OFDM是利用多个正交的子载波并行传输数据来提高传输效率的一种新技术,具有频谱利用率高、抗多径衰落、抗窄带干扰等优点,被视为第四代移动通信中的关键技术。为保证子载波之间的正交性,对载波频偏估计和补偿成为OFDM技术研究热点。本文提出了一种基于循环前缀的频偏估计算法,通过把循环前缀分成四个小序列,对前三个序列单独进行相位差计算,对第四个序列进行均值估计,最终推导出频偏的估计值。仿真结果表明,本文算法在减小计算量的情况下,提高了频偏估计精度。     

LTE系统中一种改进的基于CP的ML频偏估计算法

主要研究了LTE系统下行链路中的载波同步,分析了基于PSS相关估计和基于CP的ML估计两类传统频偏估计算法。针对后者抗多径能力不足、抗极性反转能力差和估计范围较小的缺陷,提出了一种改进频偏估计算法。该算法在利用CP数据进行ML频偏估计时去掉一部分受符号干扰的数据,以减少多径影响;利用PSS相关估计结果的极性信息,对算法估计结果进行修正,扩大频偏估计范围和提高抗极性反转能力。仿真结果表明：改进算法相对于原算法在多径环境下具有更好的估计性能;当频偏｜εF｜接近0.5时能够抵抗极性反转具有较高的鲁棒性,当｜εF｜〉0.5时原算法失效而改进算法仍能够保持较高的估计性能。     

OFDMA上行链路载波频偏估计

提出了一种适合任意结构载波分配方式的OFDMA上行链路频偏估计算法。该算法假设每个用户均发送一训练序列,先对载波频偏和信道作联合最大似然估计,再利用AP算法将多维参数估计简化成一系列一维参数估计,降低计了算量。仿真结果表明,本文提出的方法能提供较精确的载波频偏估计。     

一种低复杂度的载波偏移估计算法

针对载波偏移引起OFDM系统的严重子载波干扰和性能下降这一问题,提出一种在承载数据子载波中间插入不承载数据的子载波的算法,算法是通过从时域OFDM符号的前半部分和后半部分的相位差获取频率偏移的信息来估计频偏的。这种算法不仅计算复杂度较低,而且估计准确,在多径信道条件下频偏校正后系统的性能能基本接近信道理想估计条件下的误比特率。     

MC-DS-CDMA系统载波频偏估计的隐导频算法

针对多载波直扩码分多址（MC-DS-CDMA）系统上行链路的多用户载波频偏（CFO）,提出了一种基于隐导频的载波频偏估计算法．该算法利用信息符号和隐导频信号的不同统计特性,在接收端分段近似分离出仅包含对应用户的隐导频信号成分,经过幅角提取得到各用户的载波频偏估计值．该算法能节约信号发送带宽并且计算复杂度低,适合在载波频偏细估计阶段跟踪频偏．仿真结果表明,该算法在使用较低隐导频功率时的频偏估计误差也能满足正交频分复用（OFDM）系统对频偏误差的要求．     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.