静力触探判别软土固结历史

确定地基土的固结历史对计算其变形和强度特性有着重要的作用。以福建沿海地区软土为例,应用静力触探测试技术进行软土固结状态的判别。结果表明,正常固结软土其锥尖阻力与深度曲线的拟合直线延长线与坐标原点近似相交,超固结软土则与横轴(正轴)有一截距,欠固结软土则与横轴(负轴)有一截距。根据截距大小可进一步判别软土固结程度。利用静力触探技术判别软土固结历史能避免采取土样及室内土工试验对土样的扰动,结果能反映土体实际固结状态。研究结果对合理评价软土的特性、对软土地基的沉降变形计算具有理论及实际意义。     

孔压静力触探试验的应用

本文简要地介绍了孔压静力触探试验在国内的应用现状。文中包括５项内容：①探头的性能及操作；②土分类图的检验及由此所得土层柱状图的可靠性；③固结系数的确定及其与室内试验、现场原位观测推求值的比较；④利用孔压静力触探试验指标进行沉降量的计算；⑤判定土结构性的可能性。上述内容以三个工程实例加以说明     

上海浅层地基土的前期固结压力及有关压缩性参数的试验研究

地基土的前期固结压力是判断土体应力历史的一个指标,在不同应力历史状况的土体变形分析中它也是一个重要的计算参数。本文根据试验结果确定了上海浅层地基土的前期固结压力P.及其沿深度的分布,并对由Garlanger给出的考虑到应力历史影响的应力一应变关系式中有关的压缩性参数(膨胀指数C_(?)压缩指数C_c和次固结指数C_α)作了计算确定,同时,考虑到由于土体的次固结作用会产生所谓“准前期固结压力”,本文亦就上海软土重塑土膏固结试验结果的分析,提出估算准前期固结压力的公式。上述研究的初步结果可为今后上海软土的变形、强度研究提供参考。     

孔隙水压力消散程度及地基承载力与固结度的关系探讨

根据某电厂真空-堆载联合预压地基处理工程中实际监测的孔隙水压力,推算出土体的固结度;再根据静力触探检测的地基承载力结果和钻孔取土的三轴试验数据计算,验证了该固结度计算的准确性.提出了固结度沿地基土深度方向的变化规律与孔隙水压力消散程度的关系,建议固结度采用沿深度方向加权计算的方法,以更确切地反映土体的固结度.     

强夯法处理湿陷性黄土地基评价

 通过强夯法处理湿陷性黄土后的现场静载荷试验与静力触探原位测试数据对比分析,得到强夯地基承载力特征值fak与静力触探锥尖阻力最小平均值qc的关系式。在此基础上,依据设计要求建立采用静力触探法定量评价强夯地基承载力的方法和标准,利用静力触探原位测试数据对该强夯地基承载力进行定量评价,发现强夯地基软弱层并确定软弱层区的分布范围。采用探井取土样及土工试验对该强夯地基湿陷性进行定量评价,并发现2个探井中地基土剩余湿陷量较大;分析软弱层的成因并采取石灰砂桩等补强处理措施,消除强夯地基隐患。采用静力触探法,依据承载力标准较精确地划分强夯有效加固深度和影响深度;采用土工试验法,按照消除湿陷性标准确定强夯有效加固深度,发现两者确定的强夯有效加固深度存在差异。     

基于静力触探测试的深基坑工程土体设计参数应用研究

为确定深基坑工程中强度指标和变形参数输入的精确性，以红安恒大文化旅游康养城项目DC02地块岩土工程勘察为研究背景，通过原位测试的方法，各个土层的静力触探数据进行采集，并基于静力触探试验强度指标和变形参数拟合公式对各参数进行计算，并与室内试验结果进行比较。结果表明，静力触探试验得到的粘聚力值与内摩擦角均比室内试验快剪试验得到的粘聚力值和内摩擦角小，室内试验强度指标得到的土压力偏大；针对各土层压缩模量，由静力触探试验和室内固结压缩试验观测得到数值，两者具有显著的线性回归关系。     

N10检验低路堤地基土承载力的研究

充分利用轻便动力触探试验简便、灵活,快速的优点,通过大量的现场试验,针对一般粘性土地区低路堤地基土对轻型动力触探试验指标N10和基床土承载力盯以及N10和静力触探试验结果（综合比贯入阻力Ps）的数值关系的研究,建立了N10和盯以及N10和Ps的相关关系公式。最终确定了利用轻型动力触探试验检验低路堤地基土承载力的标准,确定了相应的土力学指标,为今后在低路堤地基土的勘察中,节约工程成本、缩短勘察周期以及减少工程设计的盲目性。提供了良好的参考依据。     

基于湿变量的膨胀土初始裂隙模型及影响因素分析

含水率变化时膨胀土湿胀干缩引起裂隙开展,裂隙的形态特征影响着膨胀土强度、渗透及变形性能。基于弹性力学理论,采用湿变量代替基质吸力来研究膨胀土的应力和变形特性,推导考虑湿变量的膨胀土湿变应力解析解;结合静力平衡条件和饱和土抗剪强度理论,建立基于湿变量的膨胀土初始裂隙模型,获得脱湿条件下膨胀土初始裂隙深度、间距和宽度的定量表达式;通过裂隙开展试验结果与模型计算结果对比分析,验证模型的合理性;最后对裂隙间距和宽度与土体弹性模量、收缩系数、湿变分布系数和凝聚力的关系进行了敏感性分析。     

基于孔压静力触探的连云港海相黏土的固结和渗透特性研究

针对连云港海相黏土,分别进行室内试验和孔压静力触探原位测试,并通过现场监测资料进行反分析,比较固结参数的差异性。不同方法得到的结果比较表明:孔压静力触探消散试验确定的水平固结系数为(3.0～6.5)×10-3 cm2/s,通常比竖向固结系数高2～4倍;变水头渗透试验得到的水平渗透系数和孔压静力触探测试现场得到的水平渗透系数值一致性很好;反分析得到的水平固结系数值略低于孔压静力触探测试得到的的水平固结系数值。对连云港海相黏土,地基处理设计采用孔压静力触探方法确定的固结参数能很好地符合工程实际。     

N10检验低路堤地基土承载力的研究

充分利用轻便动力触探试验简便、灵活,快速的优点,通过大量的现场试验,针对一般粘性土地区低路堤地基土对轻型动力触探试验指标N10和基床土承载力σ以及N10和静力触探试验结果(综合比贯入阻力Ps)的数值关系的研究,建立了N10和σ以及N10和Ps的相关关系公式,最终确定了利用轻型动力触探试验检验低路堤地基土承载力的标准,确定了相应的土力学指标,为今后在低路堤地基土的勘察中,节约工程成本、缩短勘察周期以及减少工程设计的盲目性,提供了良好的参考依据.     

Field study on swelling-shrinkage response of an expansive soil foundation under high-speed railway embankment loads

This paper presents a comprehensive field investigation of the swelling-shrinkage behavior of an expansive soil ground under high-speed railway embankment loads. In this study, a test site close to the Kunming-Nanning high-speed railway (KNHR) was chosen for the construction of four full-scale field test facilities for artificially soaking the expansive soil ground. Three of the facilities consist of embankments of three different heights, while the fourth facility is for a series of plate load swelling tests. All the test embankments were fully instrumented to monitor the ground deformation and the changes in volumetric water content profiles of the foundations. The full-scale field tests were complemented by a detailed site investigation comprised of cone penetration tests (CPTs), standard penetration tests (SPTs) and a comprehensive laboratory characterization of intact expansive soil samples retrieved from the test site. The results obtained from the laboratory and field tests show that the swelling behavior of the expansive soil ground mainly depends on the embankment load. By properly designing the embankment height and considering the maximum swelling pressure the expansive ground could induce, the heave of the embankment could be controlled efficiently. The measured displacements at the ground surface are well correlated with the evolution of measured volumetric water contents within a ground depth of around 4.5?m. The majority of these displacements occurred when the ground was approaching saturation along both wetting and drying paths. Finally, a simple method based on one-dimensional test results was proposed, and a good performance was shown in predicting the heave or settlement of embankments over an expansive soil ground upon wetting and drying.     

Mechanical behavior of a floating model pile in unsaturated expansive soil associated with water infiltration: Laboratory investigations and numerical simulations

Pile foundations are widely designed extending principles of saturated soil mechanics assuming drained conditions (i.e. effective stress) even in expansive soil deposits despite the fact the soil around the pile is in a state of unsaturated condition. The mechanical behavior of in-situ pile foundations are significantly influenced by suction changes associated with water infiltration. In this paper, a single model pile mechanical behavior variations associated with suction changes in an unsaturated expansive soil under a service load were investigated. Experimental results suggest pile settlement increases due to water infiltration. Such a phenomenon can be attributed to pile shaft friction reduction in the active zone associated with suction reduction due to water infiltration and volume expansion of the soil. Experimental results were also simulated and interpreted using a computation program, PEI (i.e. Pile behavior in Expansive soil upon Infiltration), which was proposed based on principles of unsaturated soil mechanics. A theoretical model was proposed for the estimation of threshold pile head load which distinguishes whether the pile would experience upward or downward movement upon water infiltration. The theoretical model and the numerical modeling approach presented in this are valuable for practicing engineers in the rational design of piles taking account of the mechanical behavior of expansive soils.     

上覆吹填砂原料场地基强夯试验研究

试验采用插塑料排水板+强夯的施工工艺,监测了夯坑及夯坑周边土体的沉降和隆起以及孔隙水的变化情况,分析了强夯加固范围和深度、孔隙水的消散时间以及最佳夯击次数,通过静载荷试验及双桥静力触探试验对强夯加固效果进行检验。     

非饱和膨胀土抗剪强度的试验研究

膨胀土是一种特殊的非饱和土，经典的土力学理论在膨胀土问题中己显得无能为力。因此，用非饱和土力学理论来研究膨胀土问题在理论和实际两方面都具有重大意义。在非饱和土抗剪强度理论中，吸力的量测在工程实际中仍没有一种简单易行的方法。基于这种实际情况，试图通过其他间接的途径来代替吸力的量测，以确定非饱和土的吸附强度。对于膨胀土这种典型的非饱和土，膨胀力是其很重要的性质之一，它的大小受含水量的影响很大；另一方面，膨胀土的抗剪强度也随含水量的变化而不断地变化。进行了大量的膨胀力试验和抗剪强度试验，以确定膨胀土的膨胀力与吸附强度是否有一定的关系。通过对黑山土和梅山土的重塑试样试验得到的试验数据分析发现：膨胀力和含水量之间存在良好指数关系；粘聚力的对数和内摩擦角均随含水量的增大线性减小；非饱和膨胀土的吸附强度与膨胀力之间存在较好的线性关系，并在此基础上优化了非饱和膨胀土抗剪强度公式。     

苏丹某变电站膨胀土地基处理

介绍了苏丹膨胀土地区岩土地质情况,通过综合分析各种膨胀土地基处理措施,研究得出针对某变电站工程的最佳地基处理方法,为类似工程及在相似膨胀土地区进行工程设计提供了参考.     

膨胀土中单桩性状的模型试验研究

桩基是一种有效处理膨胀土的方法,膨胀土中桩基的工作性状会受到膨胀土浸水膨胀的影响。通过大型模型试验分析了浸水对膨胀土中单桩承载特性的影响,研究了浸水过程中单桩的上升和胀切力的变化规律。试验结果表明:由于膨胀土浸水软化作用,膨胀土中桩的侧摩阻力和承载力明显降低,而由于膨胀作用,桩中产生胀切力而使桩上升。     

基于静力触探的不同压力段土体压缩模量确定方法研究

静力触探技术具有测试资料连续、重复性好、测试速度快、劳动强度低及经济效益高等优点,已在许多国家广泛应用,并在工程勘察中占有重要地位,然而在应用静力触探成果确定土体压缩模量工程化应用方面尚待进一步完善。本文通过开展深层双桥静力触探及其相应点位的土体固结试验,将所得静力触探试验结果与相应点位的不同压力段土体压缩模量进行综合对比分析,归纳总结出适用于天津地区的基于静力触探确定各土性不同压力段土体压缩模量的经验公式,所得研究成果可为相关工程提供参考,并推动静力触探技术工程化应用进程。     

The effect of different types of water on the swelling behaviour of expansive clays

In the design of foundations of structures, especially light buildings, on clayey soils, the main soil behaviours to be considered are swelling properties and surface heave. Therefore, determination of swelling properties by means of swell percent and maximum swell pressure as well as estimation of the surface is very important in the investigation of such soils and light structures on them. In order to obtain the swelling parameters of clayey soils, experimental laboratory tests were carried out and standardised. Distilled water is generally used during these experimental tests; however, the soil in situ interacts with different types of water having different water chemistries. Therefore, the swelling behaviour of expansive soils tested with distilled water would naturally be different from the behaviour of expansive soils tested with different water types and chemistries. For this reason, it was anticipated that determination of the realistic swell behaviour in laboratory experiments requires the use of the same water as in the in situ condition. In this article, the effect of the water type and chemistry on the swelling behaviour of the clays was investigated by testing the clay samples with eight different types of water collected from the sea, river, lake and different rock formations. The main result of this research was that the anticipated clay swell percentages and pressures for different types of water were lower than for the distilled water routinely used in testing.     

基于CPTU的中国实用土分类方法研究

国际上已有比较成熟的基于原位孔压静力触探测试（CPTU）的土分类方法,这些方法多以美国统一土质分类标准（USCS）为依据,其土类与中国土的工程分类标准不对应。因此,建立基于CPTU原位测试参数、符合中国标准的土工程分类方法具有重要工程意义。通过选择江苏典型地质成因的试验场地,进行了95孔CPTU测试和相应的钻孔取样与室内土工试验,其CPTU孔和相应钻孔之间距离小于5 m,对采用室内土工试验依据中国国家标准《岩土工程勘察规范》得到的土分类和CPTU测试参数进行了系统对比分析。选择国外7种常用的CPTU土分类图进行应用比较,发现Robertson的土类指数法分类图能提供最好的分类结果,据此建立了中国基于CPTU土类指数法的实用土分类方法,已有测试资料应用表明该分类图的准确率达到95%以上,可用作为中国工程场地采用原位CPTU测试进行土工程分类的方法。     

新疆皇吉220 kV输电线路天山段多年冻土工程特性研究

多年冻土和季节性冻土属于不良工程地质条件,其物理特性、力学和热学性能决定了冻胀和融沉工程病害对线路基础稳定性的影响程度。系统介绍了新疆皇吉220 kV输电线路天山段多年冻土原位直剪试验、融化压缩试验、静载荷试验试验方法及其研究成果,从而为该地区输变电线路基础型式选择与设计优化提供了具有较高价值的参考资料。