基于GEP和Baum-Welch算法训练HMM模型的研究

传统的向前-向后算法或Baum-Welch算法训练HMM的转移概率aij和发射概率ai(Ot),使观察序列的O概率恰好达到最大值往往很难,虽然在理论上训练HMM的这两个网络结构是可能的,但仅能保证局部的最大值,而基于全局搜索的基因表达式编程(GEP)的一个主要的特点就是可以高效快速的发现全局最优解.把GEP引入到HMM的训练中去,提出一种改进的训练方法GBHA.实验结果表明,该算法比传统算法的系统效率更高、更稳定.     

基于禁止搜索的离散隐马尔可夫模型优化

隐马尔可夫模型(HMM,Hdden Markov Model)是语音识别中广泛采用的鲁棒性统计方法.本文采用禁止搜索(TS,Tabu Search)算法训练HMM参数,提出了基于禁止搜索的隐马尔可夫模型(TS-HMM)算法.该算法可以使搜索最优模型参数的过程达到全局优化.仿真结果表明与传统的前向-后向算法相比,TS-HMM算法具有更好的性能,且能够达到全局优化.     

混合遗传算法和隐马尔可夫模型的Web信息抽取

传统Web信息抽取的隐马尔可夫模型对初值十分敏感和在实际训练中极易得到局部最优模型参数。提出了一种使用遗传算法优化HMM模型参数的Web信息抽取混合算法。该算法使用实数矩阵编码表示染色体,似然概率值为适应度取值,将GA与Baum-Welch算法相结合对HMM模型参数进行全局优化,并且调整GA-HMM的Baum-Welch算法参数实现Web信息抽取。实验结果表明,新的算法在精确度和召回率指标上比传统HMM具有更好的性能。     

基于进化计算的DHMM训练方法

隐马尔柯夫模型（HMM)的传统训练方法－Beum-Welch算法只能得到 一个局部最优模型，从而影响最终的识别率。对于CHMM，分段K平均方法来取得一个初始值可以解决这一问题，但对DHMM却改进不大。而基于全局搜索的进化计算的一个重要特点便是可以得到次优解乃至全局最优解。本文把进化计算引入到DHMM的训练中去，提出了一种改进的进化训练贪污，实验结果表明，这种训练方法初具了全局搜索和快速收敛的特点， 得到的模型优于传统方法和直接用进化计算所得的模型，提高了系统的识别率。     

吸引子权重改变内嵌区域震荡搜索粒子群算法

针对粒子群算法搜索精度不高、搜索最优解较慢的问题,提出了一种改进的粒子群算法。该算法通过调整全局最优解和个体最优解,形成一个新的全局吸引子解指导粒子收敛,优化种群粒子来搜索解空间的最优值。再将优化方案融入到内嵌区域震荡搜索的粒子群算法（RSPSO）中,仿真结果表明,改进的粒子群算法在寻优能力及搜索精度方面都得到了进一步的提高。     

单状态基因克隆HMM语音训练算法

针对用于隐马尔科夫模型（HMM）训练的经典Baum Welch算法容易陷入局部最优解这一问题,提出基因克隆的Baum Welch算法。该算法在Baum Welch算法迭代计算到10－3以内不再改变的情况下,在当前已获得局部最优参数B矩阵的基础上,执行基因克隆算子,获得优化的HMM的B参数,进一步提升Baum Welch算法语音模板的输出概率。实验结果表明：该算法模板计算概率大于经典的Baum Welch算法,获得了比Baum Welch算法更优的训练模板。     

混合种群多样性自适应遗传操作的HMM训练模型

针对传统GA方法训练HMM模型所存在的对遗传控制参数具有较强的敏感性的问题:1)提出一种以混合遗传种群多样性为原则的BPD-AGA算法,该算法依据决定种群多样性的基因型和表现型来自适应地调整遗传参数,使整个遗传迭代过程能够在扩大遗传搜索空间的同时提高最优解的质量;2)提出了一种基于BPD-AGA的HMM训练模型,该模型一方面利用BPD-AGA的自适应选择操作,选择对混合种群多样性贡献最大的个体作为竞争优胜者;另一方面利用BPD-AGA的自适应交叉变异操作,在扩大算法搜索空间的同时保护对混合种群多样性贡献较大的个体,从而保证了HMM解个体的全局最优性;3)为了提高BPD-AGA训练的收敛速度,利用Baum-Welch算法从外部对BPD-AGA的收敛性进行了改善,提出了一个从外部和内部同时改善GA性能的BPD-AGA/Baum-Welch混合模型;4)给出了将所提出的模型和算法应用在交通视频车辆行驶状态判别中的实现过程.仿真实验验证了所提出模型和算法的有效性.     

基于改进模拟退火混合算法的移动机器人全局路径规划

利用改进模拟退火算法与共轭方向法组成混合全局优化算法,对移动机器人全局路径规划进行求解.该混合全局优化算法先用共轭方向法搜索局部最优解,再用改进模拟退火算法跳出局部最优解,依此更新温度值.如此反复操作,直至找到全局最优解.仿真结果表明该算法具有较好的优化效果,能快速收敛到全局最优解.     

双信息素蚁群算法及其在TSP中的应用研究

提出了一种新的蚁群算法,通过在算法中引入双信息素,很好地改进了算法在解决TSP(旅行商)问题时的收敛性和最优解的全局性.一方面通过提高全局信息素对城市路径选择的影响度,很大程度上缩短了算法寻优时间,使算法收敛性得到很大的改善;另一方面通过对接近最优解的一定范围内次优解进行局部更新,避免了算法容易收敛于局部最优解的缺点,极大地改进了最优解的全局特性.在MATLAB中构建了基于蚁群算法的TSP问题模型,仿真结果表明,独立的全局信息素使蚁群很快集中于各个次优解区域搜索,局部更新策略又使蚁群跳出局部级值寻找最优,仿真结果证明算法的改进十分有效.     

改进的重叠蚁群优化算法

针对蚁群优化算法在进行全局最优解搜索时容易陷入局部最优解和收敛速度缓慢等缺陷,提出了一种有效求解全局最优解搜索问题的重叠蚁群优化算法。该算法通过设置多个重叠的蚁群系统,并对每一个蚁群初始化不同的参数,之后在蚁群之间进行信息素的动态学习,增强了不同蚁群对最优解的开采能力,避免了算法出现早熟现象。仿真实验结果表明,重叠蚁群优化算法在避免陷入局部最优解方面具有良好的效果,是一种提高蚁群算法性能的有效的改进算法。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。