高径比对W纤维/Zr基非晶复合材料压缩性能的影响

采用渗流铸造法制备W纤维/Zr基非晶复合材料,研究高径比的变化对复合材料室温压缩力学性能的影响。结果表明,复合材料的屈服强度随样品高径比的增大先降低,高径比大于1时趋于平稳。高径比大于或等于1.25时,复合材料的压缩塑性应变变化不大。高径比小于1.25时,复合材料的压缩塑性应变均大于50%。压头与样品端部摩擦力的作用、W纤维之间非晶丝高径比的变化和W纤维与非晶基体之间变形的不匹配综合作用最终导致小高径比的复合材料样品具有更好的压缩力学性能。     

非晶复合材料制备与性能

总结了近年来本课题组在外加强化相非晶复合材料制备方面取得的主要研究结果。通过制备过程凝固控制获得了性能优异的非晶复合材料,其中金属W/Zr基非晶合金双连续相复合材料压缩强度达到3 450 MPa,压缩应变为48%;金属Ti/Mg基非晶合金双连续相复合材料压缩强度达到1 750 MPa,塑性应变为30%;8%Nb颗粒/Mg基非晶复合材料压缩强度达到900 MPa,塑性应变为12.1%;6%S iC颗粒/Zr基非晶复合材料压缩强度达到2 230 MPa,塑性应变为3%。     

半固态等温热处理对Zr基非晶复合材料塑性变形机制的影响

通过添加不同体积分数的Nb,本工作设计了一系列Zr基非晶复合材料,主要研究了Nb含量对铸态、半固态非晶复合材料的微观组织及塑性性能的影响。结果表明:非晶复合材料塑性应变量随晶体相(β-Zr相)体积分数增加而呈现S型增强规律。半固态等温处理后的非晶复合材料塑性提升,但其塑性增长率随Nb含量增加而减小。当D_C(当量直径)/■(平均自由程间距)≥0.65时,β-Zr相体积分数出现最小临界阈值35%,此时材料塑性开始迅速提升;■时,β-Zr相体积分数超过54%后,材料塑性保持稳定,进一步说明非晶复合材料塑性与β-Zr相体积分数有关。     

不同温度和应变率下Wf/BMG的力学性能

本文对纤维体积百分含量(Vf)为60%的钨丝增强Zr41.25Ti13.75Ni10Cu12.5Be22.5大块非晶基体复合材料(Wt/BMG)的力学性能进行了试验研究,测得该材料在77K到473K温度变化范围内的动静态应力应变曲线.发现其流动应力具有明显的正应变率敏感性;随着试验环境温度的升高,材料的弹性模量、屈服应力不断降低,材料的最终塑性应变值则呈升高趋势;Wf/BMG的断裂模式主要为剪切和纵向劈裂及二者的复合,具体形式受钨丝和基体界面的结合强度影响;钨丝的加入限制剪切带的传播,在界面处形成多条剪切带是复合材料塑性提高的主要原因;Wf/BMG的屈服与基体中由于绝热加热降低粘性而形成的剪切带有关,环境温度和非晶基体玻璃转变温度之差则直接影响剪切带的生成,使得Wf/BMG的屈服极限具有一定的温度敏感性.     

W丝/Zr基非晶合金复合材料动态拉伸断裂模式研究

采用霍普金森杆拉伸技术研究了W丝体积分数为80%的W丝/Zr基非晶合金复合材料的动态拉伸性能,通过扫描电镜研究了该复合材料动态拉伸断裂模式.结果表明:随着打击速度增加,复合材料动态拉伸强度和断裂应变总体呈上升趋势;复合材料的动态拉伸断裂模式以钨丝解理断裂为主导,伴随非晶合金基体产生脉纹状花样和钨丝劈裂;脉纹状花样的形态不同于在动态压缩条件下所形成的,不存在"尖脊"形貌.     

塑性钛基非晶复合材料的制备及性能

通过铜模喷铸法成功制备了一系列内生β-Ti(Zr, Nb)枝晶增塑的Ti-Zr-Nb-Cu-Be非晶复合材料, 研究了成分对枝晶体积分数及尺寸的影响及其对复合材料力学性能的调节作用。结果表明, Ti₄₈Zr₂₀Nb₁₂Cu₅Be₁₅合金压缩强度达到2061 MPa, 塑性变形高达22.5%, 表现出优异的综合力学性能。 非晶复合材料的塑性不仅与β-Ti(Zr,Nb)枝晶相的体积分数有关, 而且受到枝晶尺寸的强烈影响, 在一定体积分数条件下, 枝晶相的尺寸越大, 对剪切带的阻碍作用越明显, 合金的塑性越高。     

晶化分数对钛基非晶复合材料热塑性成形能力的影响

目的 研究晶化分数对原位晶化钛基非晶复合材料热塑性成形能力的影响,优化Ti基非晶复合材料的制备和设计。方法 首先采用电弧熔炼和铜模铸造制备出成分为Ti45Zr20Be29Fe6和Ti45Zr20Be29Cu6的非晶合金,通过连续加热DSC及等温DSC研究其晶化动力学,然后根据得到的等温晶化规律制备不同晶化体积分数的非晶复合材料,并通过静态热机械分析(TMA)表征其热塑性成形能力。结果 Ti45Zr20Be29Fe6在406 ℃与411 ℃时,等温晶化过程为形核率随时间增大的形核长大过程;Ti45Zr20Be29Cu6在370,375,380,385 ℃时,等温晶化过程为形核率随时间减小的形核长大过程;XRD物相分析表明,等温处理后Ti45Zr20Be29Fe6和Ti45Zr20Be29Cu6的析出相分别为β-Ti和α-Ti2Zr;两种内生复合材料的热塑性成形能力均随晶化相体积分数的增大而降低,且Ti45Zr20Be29Fe6基体复合材料的热塑性成形能力比以Ti45Zr20Be29Cu6为基底的复合材料更好。结论 晶化分数增加会降低钛基非晶复合材料的热塑性成形性能,且其影响程度与复合材料的基体和晶体第二相的特性有关。     

陶瓷颗粒增强Zr基非晶合金复合材料高温变形行为研究

在非晶合金中添加第二相制备非晶合金复合材料能够有效地解决非晶合金室温脆性的问题,但第二相的引入对非晶基体高温变形行为造成的影响尚不明确。本研究在Zr₅₅Cu₃₀Al₁₀Ni₅非晶合金中添加两种不同的陶瓷颗粒Al₂O₃和Si₃N₄,通过放电等离子烧结法制备了一系列不同体积分数的陶瓷颗粒增强Zr基非晶合金复合材料。通过进行高温压缩试验,并建立多颗粒随机分布模型进行数值模拟,对其高温变形行为进行了系统性研究。结果表明,在421℃时,两种复合材料都表现为应力过冲后应变硬化;在441℃时,Al₂O₃增强的复合材料表现为屈服后应变硬化,对于Si₃N₄增强复合材料,当第二相体积分数小于25%时表现为屈服后应变硬化,当第二相体积分数大于25%时材料却表现为应力过冲后应变硬化。两种非晶合金复合材料的高温变形行为差异与增强相形貌以及增强相颗粒团聚...     

WC体积分数对WC_p/Fe复合材料组织及压缩性能的影响

为研究WC体积分数对WC_p/Fe复合材料组织、界面及压缩性能的影响,采用粉末烧结法制备了不同WC体积分数的WC_p/Fe复合材料。结果表明:在不同WC体积分数的WC_p/Fe复合材料中,WC颗粒发生了不同程度的溶解,其与基体间均呈冶金结合。随着WC体积分数的增加,WC_p/Fe复合材料的界面等效宽度呈现递减趋势,当WC体积分数为50%时,界面等效宽度最小,为39.8μm;复合材料的压缩强度呈先增大后减小趋势,当WC体积分数达到45%时,压缩强度达到最大值;复合材料的断裂方式由准解理断裂逐渐转向纯解理断裂,当WC体积分数达到50%时,WC_p/Fe复合材料的断裂方式为纯解理断裂。     

W丝增强块状非晶基复合材料单轴压缩形变的研究

利用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜，研究了室温单轴压缩下W丝增强块状非晶基复合材料的形变特征，结果表明：非晶基体内产生了大量的剪切带，剪切带分布特征与W丝密切相关；非晶基体的微观结构发生了改变，局域内自由体积显著增加。     

Compressive deformation behaviors of tungsten fiber reinforced Zr-based metallic glass composites

Subjected to a wide range of strain rates, the compressive deformation and fracture behavior at different temperatures of tungsten fiber reinforced Zr-based metallic glass composites (BMGC) were investigated. Upon increasing temperature, the compressive strength decreases, accompanied with reduced elasticity and enhanced plasticity. In combination with fracture analysis, the effects of temperature, applied strain rate, and the reinforcement of tungsten fiber were explicitly described.     

Extrinsic size effects on performance of Zr-based metallic glass under biaxial loading

The size-dependent plastic deformation of a Zr-based metallic glass under biaxial loading was investigated by using small punch (SP) test. Unlike under uniaxial tension or compression, under biaxial loading, both the critical shear offset and the density of shear bands decrease with the reduction of the sample size. However, it was found that the normalized critical shear offset keeps constant, which can well explain the worsened plastic deformation behaviors of the thin sample under biaxial loading. This finding indicates that metallic glass possesses good ductility in nature, yet it is influenced significantly by the loading mode and sample size.     

Fabrication and mechanical characterization of a series of plastic Zr-based bulk metallic glass matrix composites

Coupling the high yielding strength with enhanced plasticity under compression at ambient temperature, a series of Zr-based bulk metallic glass matrix composites are designed based on a pseudo ternary phase diagram. The largest compressive fracture plastic strain of 17.0% with the yielding strength of 1070 MPa is available for Zr_60.0Ti_14.7Nb_5.3Cu_5.6Ni_4.4Be_10.0 bulk metallic glass matrix composite. The relationship between the cooling rate and the microstructure, the microstructure and the mechanical properties, and the fractographs of the composites is carefully identified.     

Tungsten Fibre Reinforced Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass Composites

A Zr-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) alloy with the composition (Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀)_98.5Si_1.5 was used as the base material to form BMG composites. Tungsten fiber reinforced BMG composites were successfully fabricated by pressure metal infiltration technique, with the volume fraction of the tungsten fiber ranging from 10% to 70%. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the BMG composites were investigated. Tungsten reinforcement significantly increased the material's ductility by changing the compressive failure mode from single shear band propagation to multiple shear bands propagation, and transferring stress from matrix to tungsten fibers.     

E玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料轴向拉伸力学性能的应变率效应

采用MTS-810材料试验机、Zwick-HTM5020高速拉伸试验机及分离式Hopkinson拉杆（SHTB）实验装置,并结合数字图像相关性（Digital image correlation,DIC）分析方法,对E玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料棒材在10^-3~2 400 s^-1应变率范围内的轴向拉伸力学性能进行了较系统的实验研究,获得了不同应变率下材料的应力-应变曲线,揭示了应变率对材料的拉伸强度和断裂应变的影响规律。通过显微分析拉伸试样的断口形貌,揭示了试样的断裂机制及对应变率的依赖性。实验结果表明：E玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料的力学性能具有强烈的应变率效应,归一化拉伸强度随着应变率对数线性增加,而归一化断裂应变则随着对数应变率线性减小;断口显微分析显示：E玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料的轴向拉伸断裂模式依赖于应变率,低应变率加载下试样发生沿45°方向的剪切断裂,随着应变率增大,试样断裂模式逐渐过渡到沿轴向的拉伸断裂,特别是在高应变加载下,观察到大量的玻璃纤维丝被拉断,同时环氧树脂基体也发生严重的碎裂现象,这反映了基体材料与玻璃纤维之间相互约束作用在增强。     

Microstructural and mechanical behavior of Zr-based metallic glasses with the addition of Nb

The effect of Nb content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Zr-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) were investigated. The addition of Nb led to the formation of the Zr-based metallic glass composites with a ductile dentritic phase by in situ precipitation. The presence of the in situ precipitated phase enhanced significantly the plasticity of the composite under uniaxial compressive test. The interactions between the precipitated phase and the shear band affect the deformation mechanism and fracture mode of the BMG by enhancing the affecting level of the normal stress on the shear surface, and the constant α in the Mohr–Coulomb criterion can reflect the extent of the interactions among particles and the amorphous matrix.     

玻璃纤维含量对竹粉/高密度聚乙烯复合材料性能的影响

为利用玻璃纤维提高木塑复合材料的综合性能,探讨玻璃纤维含量对竹粉/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)复合材料性能的影响规律,首先,采用A-171硅烷偶联剂对竹粉表面进行了改性,并加入了一定量的玻璃纤维;然后,采用热压成型工艺制备了玻璃纤维-竹粉/HDPE复合材料;最后,考察了玻璃纤维含量对复合材料力学性能、热学性能及摩擦学性能的影响,并利用SEM观察材料的断面和磨损表面形貌。结果表明:当玻璃纤维含量为3wt%时,能显著提高竹粉/HDPE复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度,与未添加玻璃纤维的复合材料相比,添加玻璃纤维后复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别提高了19.41%和23.54%;在30~60℃温度范围内,复合材料长度-宽度方向上的线膨胀系数随着玻璃纤维含量的增加而明显减小,而同一复合材料的线膨胀系数随温度的升高而逐步增大;在氮气气氛下,随玻璃纤维含量的增加,竹粉/HDPE复合材料的摩擦系数先逐渐增大,而后基本保持不变,磨损率逐渐减小。所得结论显示玻璃纤维含量为3wt%~7wt%的木塑产品适用于建筑横梁(如凉亭或桥梁等),而玻璃纤维含量为7wt%~10wt%的木塑产品适用于高人流量场所(如公园或休闲绿道等)的地面铺装。      

单向连续碳纤维-玻璃纤维层间混杂增强环氧树脂基复合材料的力学性能

为了研究连续单向纤维的层间混杂方式对复合材料力学性能及破坏方式的影响,采用碳纤维-玻璃纤维体积比为1∶1,以拉-挤成型法制备了具有不同层间混杂结构的连续单向纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料,并研究了不同层间混杂结构的连续单向碳纤维-玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料的力学性能及破坏形式。结果表明：具有层间混杂结构的复合材料抗拉强度处于纯碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料和纯玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料之间,复合材料的拉伸断裂方式为劈裂;具有层间混杂结构的复合材料的层间剪切强度均优于纯碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料和纯玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料,复合材料的剪切断裂方式为层间断裂。     

Stabilized shear banding of ZrCu-based metallic glass composites under tensile loading

The tensile plastic deformation behavior of ZrCu-based metallic glass composites with various crystalline volume fractions was investigated. A tensile plastic strain of more than 10 % was achieved in a metallic glass composite with a crystalline volume fraction of 32.6 %. It was found that the B2 phase can effectively activate the formation of multiple shear bands, which significantly stabilize the tensile plastic deformation of metallic glass composites. A critical volume fraction for stable tensile plastic deformation was determined. In addition to the volume fraction, the density of the stress concentration sites and the distribution of the B2 phase were also found to be key factors controlling the stable plastic deformation of ZrCu-based BMG composite.     

Wear behaviour of Zr-based <Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis> bulk metallic glass matrix composites

Zr-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) and its in situ BMG matrix composites with diameter of 3 mm were fabricated by conventional Cu-mould casting method and the dry sliding wear behaviour of the BMG and composites was investigated. Compared to the pure BMG, the composites exhibited a markedly improved wear resistance from 10 to 48% due to the existence of various volume fractions of the ductile β-Zr dendritic phase embedded in the glassy matrix. The composites showed lower friction coefficient and wear rate than the pure BMG. Meanwhile, the surface wearing of the composite with a proper amount of β-Zr dendrites was less severe compared to that of the pure BMG. The worn surface of the composite was covered with mild grooves and some fine wear debris, which exhibited the characteristic of a mild abrasive wear. The improvement of the wear resistance of the composite with the proper amount of β-Zr crystalline phase is attributed to the fact that the β-Zr crystalline phase distributed in the amorphous matrix has some effective load bearing, plastic deformation and work hardening ability to decrease strain accumulation and the release of strain energy in the glassy matrix, restrict the expanding of shear bands and cracks, and occur plastic deformation homogeneously.